Difference between revisions of "Howea belmoreana"

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[[Image:Howea belmoreana Ouer.jpg|thumb|Coastal So. California]]
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__noeditsection__
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{{Palmbox
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|image=hbIMG_6983.jpg
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|image_caption=Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
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|genus=Howea (how'-eh-ah)
 +
|species=<br>belmoreana (bell-mor'-eh-AHN-ah)
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|continent=oceania
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|habit=solitary
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|leaf_type=pinnate
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|height=40 ft/12 m
 +
|trunk_diameter=6-8 in/15 cm
 +
|sun_exposure=Mild full sun
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|watering=moderate/humid
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|soil_type=tolerant
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|common_names=Belmore Sentry Palm, Curly palm.
 +
}}
 +
==Habitat and Distribution==
 +
Norfolk Is., specifically Lord Howe Island off Australia, where it grows in the moderate, [[File:hbIMG_6989.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.]]hilly rainforests, but not along the coast where most of the Kentia palms grow in massive palm forests.
 +
==Description==
 +
This monoecious, pinnate palm grows to about 40'/12m tall and has a closely ringed green trunk about 6 inches/15cm in diameter.  The leaves are striking and markedly recurved, nearly forming a half circle in their arching up, out and down.  The leaves are quite long, but the width of the entire palm is much less than the doubled length of the leaves because of their extreme recurving.  The leaflets grow up and out away from the rachis forming a pronounced 'V', in sharp contrast to the droopy, downward pointing leaflets of its cousin, ''Howea forsteriana''.  The inflorescences are unbranched, also in constrast to ''H. forsteriana'', though the fruits are similar shape and color (dark red and ovoid). There is no crownshaft. Editing by edric.
 +
==Culture==
 +
Though supposedly unhappy in a tropical, warm climate, palms look extremely healthy and vigorous growing in the coastal Hawaiian rainforests.  However, the palm looks perfect, as well, in a nearly frost-free Mediterranean climate.  It is a significantly more difficult and touchy palm than ''H. forsteriana'', growing more slowly (hence the crowded, closely spaced trunk rings) and being less tolerant of full sun, cold, wind and indoor situations.  This palm is probably cold tolerant to around 28F/-2.2C, but will show leaf burn even at that temp if kept there for any length of time.
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<center>
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[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Howea_belmoreana]]
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</center>
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==Comments and Curiosities==
 +
{{read more top}}
 +
"There are two species and an sp. in this genus, all from the Lord Howe Islands off Australia. The other, much more common species, Howea forsteriana or Kentia palm, is the most commonly used indoor palm in the industry. It also grows great outdoors in So Cal, and survives in Hawaii and Florida. So does this species. But H belmoreana is a very different looking palm, having more upright and recurved leaves. It is also grows more slowly and is somewhat more tender (by a few degrees) to cold than the Kentia Palm. Another difference is in the infructesences... H belmoreana has single, simple flowers that extend off the palm like long, thick cords. H forsteriana has branching flowers and seeds grow enmass from this palm. H belmoreana makes a decent indoor palm, but is less happy with low light situations and more susceptible to rot and mealy bug." (Geoff Stein)
 +
 
 +
Rarer and less well known that its cousin the Kentia palm, this palm shares all its attributes in terms of its ability to grow in low lit situations, and is tolerant of abuse and neglect. Seed takes 2 years to ripen and is not often available. An excellent house plant which will grow to a good size over a number of years. Outdoors it grows best in subtropical or warm temperate regions. (RPS.com)
 +
 
 +
"The fronds of the curly palm are characteristically very dark green and can look almost black from a distance. It is tolerant of a wide range of illumination conditions, from full sun to deep shade. In cultivation, it also tolerates Mediterranean climates with a long dry summer surprisingly well. Brisbane's climate is rather too hot for it, it is happier down in coastal New South Wales, including Sydney and Newcastle. This palm is unusual in having rather long petioles at maturity; most large, canopy-height feather palms end up with quite short petioles by the time they reach this height. It is really very slow - this one is quite possibly the same age as the vast Archontophoenix trees surrounding it. In the wild, only found on Lord Howe Island in the South Pacific, and less numerous there than H. forsteriana, usually growing a bit higher up the hills and mountains than H. forsteriana, in basaltic soils. There are perhaps a dozen mature specimens of its sister species Howea forsteriana around Mt. Coot-Tha gardens." (tanetahi) See photos at bottom of page.
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{{read more bottom}}
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<br style="clear:both;"/>
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{{#Widget:AdResban}}
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
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image:Howea belmoreana Ouer.jpg|Encinitas, coastal So. California.
 +
image:6417127f-367e-474f-b2a6-ca52101a388c.jpg|Spicate Inflorescence. Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:7c31060b-c195-4e94-91d1-8632754f3168.jpg|Spicate Inflorescence. Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:D5daacd9-1e21-4709-b8bd-23decf07f27a.jpg|Near Kinishookoat, Lord Howe Island. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker
 +
image:9cb26dfd-e259-48cb-801f-37c8b20eb4b2.jpg|Near Kim's Lookout, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:B666facc-0a84-4f6d-b6d3-184b6520c5e2.jpg|Near Kim's Lookout, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:8a61d393-a59a-4d4b-a465-fecab4b3052a.jpg|Far Flats, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:C46aee75-e365-4745-9d41-ca6ab3ac2489.jpg|Near Airport, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:285b3cfb-0f6c-49c2-bc0d-aa573bb35d43.jpg|Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:4a2d31d1-61ef-4556-afec-a465083101cb.jpg|Smoking Tree Ridge, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:872c9937-50cd-4e23-8561-6e6200a3d3ff.jpg|Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:38d33cfa-fd6e-48ec-8976-41aaa93f5b52.jpg|Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:C336f5ef-eaa2-411a-b99d-fe53d1a88c4f.jpg|Near Airport, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:4abe1aac-70bc-435a-9ae3-4dfe2de6f243.jpg|Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:6f059ff2-4480-4ae0-8740-9df3baf00a67.jpg|Fruit Without Scales. Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:68affa4b-c506-427f-a83c-c7ba916f2f66.jpg|Fruit Without Scales. Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
image:Belmoreana.jpg|Lord Howe Island. Photo-Palms & Cycads
 +
image:Belmoreana02.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Jo Wilkins
 +
image:Belmoreana04.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Jo Wilkins
 +
image:Howea-belmoreana56.jpg|In cultivation, at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Photo by Kahuroa
 +
image:2356892118_915f5a9636_o.jpg|Auckland Regional botanic garden, New Zealand. Photo by  tanetah
 +
image:2cf838.jpg|Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:A7a0f9.jpg|Santa Monica California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:Bf29e9.jpg|Huntington Beach, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:09dedb.jpg
 +
image:75a09a.jpg|Audobon Center, Oahu, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:705981.jpg|Santa Barbara, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:382bd7.jpg|Carpentaria, near Santa Barbara, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:1308e8.jpg|Sherman Oaks, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:D48254.jpg|Balboa Park, San Diego, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:Bd29b6.jpg
 +
image:Bca5a5.jpg|Southern California. Howea forsteriana on right. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:Ff6a73.jpg
 +
image:994a43.jpg
 +
image:8346ad.jpg|Ventura county, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:6db658.jpg
 +
image:4e19af.jpg
 +
image:81aea4.jpg
 +
image:Efe681.jpg
 +
image:Dd78aa.jpg
 +
image:5e03e8.jpg
 +
image:F04e89.jpg|San Diego Botanic Garden. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
image:HbIMG_4934.jpg|Encinitas CA. At Dorian Ouer's place (Dean Ouer's old place). Photo by Troy Donavon
 +
image:3899779167_d82bcef5a7_o.jpg|Wind-tattered plant in a car yard in the centre of Tauranga, in New Zealand. Photo by tanetahi
 +
image:6616970541_39fdb4bd3c_o.jpg|In the rainforest section of Brisbane's botanic gardens. Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi
 +
image:6740348791_298fa9e8fa_o.jpg|Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi
 +
image:6741168003_5813e18cc3_o.jpg|Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi
 +
image:6741168783_a72c6102b0_o.jpg|Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi
 +
image:ImageCache34.jpeg|''Howea Forsteriana'' Left, and ''Howea Belmoreana'' Centre, Auckland, New Zealand. Photo-Black Diamond Images
 +
image:Boyce_st_(26)_howea_belmoreana1.jpg|Sydney, AU. Photo by Jordi
 +
image:Boyce_st_(26)_howea_belmoreana2.jpg|Sydney, AU. Photo by Jordi
 +
image:HowBel.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com
 +
File:20150305_091831.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. "By this stage the Howea forsteriana gave way to Howea belmoreana, and some were over 9 m tall." "Jack our guide leads on." Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:hbIMG_6989.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:hbIMG_6983.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:hbIMG_6985.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:hbIMG_6986_1.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:20150305_112659.jpg|Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
File:20150417_144101.jpg|Old Beach, Tasmania. Garden of Troy Donovan. Trachycarpus Belmoreana on right. Photo by Troy Donovan.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
</gallery></center>
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==External Links==
 +
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 +
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 +
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 +
*http://www.starrenvironmental.com/images/species/?q=howea+belmoreana&o=plants
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lHJfjmgk3YM Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Video by Troy Donovan.]
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DaFYsz333xo Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Video by Troy Donovan.]
 +
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lRkb24DPjE0&t=180 Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island)]
 +
==References==
 +
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 +
 
 +
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos
 +
 
 +
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos
 +
 
 +
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 +
 
 +
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 +
[[Category:HOWEA|belmoreana]]

Latest revision as of 09:24, 24 January 2016

Howea (how'-eh-ah)
belmoreana (bell-mor'-eh-AHN-ah)
HbIMG 6983.jpg
Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Howea (how'-eh-ah)
Species:
belmoreana (bell-mor'-eh-AHN-ah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: solitary
Leaf type: pinnate
Height: 40 ft/12 m
Trunk diameter: 6-8 in/15 cm
Culture
Sun exposure: Mild full sun
Watering: moderate/humid
Soil type: tolerant
Survivability index
Common names
Belmore Sentry Palm, Curly palm.

Habitat and Distribution

Norfolk Is., specifically Lord Howe Island off Australia, where it grows in the moderate,
Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.
hilly rainforests, but not along the coast where most of the Kentia palms grow in massive palm forests.

Description

This monoecious, pinnate palm grows to about 40'/12m tall and has a closely ringed green trunk about 6 inches/15cm in diameter. The leaves are striking and markedly recurved, nearly forming a half circle in their arching up, out and down. The leaves are quite long, but the width of the entire palm is much less than the doubled length of the leaves because of their extreme recurving. The leaflets grow up and out away from the rachis forming a pronounced 'V', in sharp contrast to the droopy, downward pointing leaflets of its cousin, Howea forsteriana. The inflorescences are unbranched, also in constrast to H. forsteriana, though the fruits are similar shape and color (dark red and ovoid). There is no crownshaft. Editing by edric.

Culture

Though supposedly unhappy in a tropical, warm climate, palms look extremely healthy and vigorous growing in the coastal Hawaiian rainforests. However, the palm looks perfect, as well, in a nearly frost-free Mediterranean climate. It is a significantly more difficult and touchy palm than H. forsteriana, growing more slowly (hence the crowded, closely spaced trunk rings) and being less tolerant of full sun, cold, wind and indoor situations. This palm is probably cold tolerant to around 28F/-2.2C, but will show leaf burn even at that temp if kept there for any length of time.

PFC for PP.png

Comments and Curiosities

read more

"There are two species and an sp. in this genus, all from the Lord Howe Islands off Australia. The other, much more common species, Howea forsteriana or Kentia palm, is the most commonly used indoor palm in the industry. It also grows great outdoors in So Cal, and survives in Hawaii and Florida. So does this species. But H belmoreana is a very different looking palm, having more upright and recurved leaves. It is also grows more slowly and is somewhat more tender (by a few degrees) to cold than the Kentia Palm. Another difference is in the infructesences... H belmoreana has single, simple flowers that extend off the palm like long, thick cords. H forsteriana has branching flowers and seeds grow enmass from this palm. H belmoreana makes a decent indoor palm, but is less happy with low light situations and more susceptible to rot and mealy bug." (Geoff Stein)

Rarer and less well known that its cousin the Kentia palm, this palm shares all its attributes in terms of its ability to grow in low lit situations, and is tolerant of abuse and neglect. Seed takes 2 years to ripen and is not often available. An excellent house plant which will grow to a good size over a number of years. Outdoors it grows best in subtropical or warm temperate regions. (RPS.com)

"The fronds of the curly palm are characteristically very dark green and can look almost black from a distance. It is tolerant of a wide range of illumination conditions, from full sun to deep shade. In cultivation, it also tolerates Mediterranean climates with a long dry summer surprisingly well. Brisbane's climate is rather too hot for it, it is happier down in coastal New South Wales, including Sydney and Newcastle. This palm is unusual in having rather long petioles at maturity; most large, canopy-height feather palms end up with quite short petioles by the time they reach this height. It is really very slow - this one is quite possibly the same age as the vast Archontophoenix trees surrounding it. In the wild, only found on Lord Howe Island in the South Pacific, and less numerous there than H. forsteriana, usually growing a bit higher up the hills and mountains than H. forsteriana, in basaltic soils. There are perhaps a dozen mature specimens of its sister species Howea forsteriana around Mt. Coot-Tha gardens." (tanetahi) See photos at bottom of page.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Encinitas, coastal So. California.

  • Spicate Inflorescence. Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Spicate Inflorescence. Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Kinishookoat, Lord Howe Island. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker

  • Near Kim's Lookout, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Kim's Lookout, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Far Flats, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Airport, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Smoking Tree Ridge, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Transit Hill, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Airport, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Fruit Without Scales. Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Fruit Without Scales. Goat House Path, Lord Howe Island, Australia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Lord Howe Island. Photo-Palms & Cycads

  • In habitat. Photo by Jo Wilkins

  • In habitat. Photo by Jo Wilkins

  • In cultivation, at the University of Auckland, New Zealand. Photo by Kahuroa

  • Auckland Regional botanic garden, New Zealand. Photo by tanetah

  • Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Santa Monica California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Huntington Beach, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • 09dedb.jpg

  • Audobon Center, Oahu, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Santa Barbara, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Carpentaria, near Santa Barbara, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Sherman Oaks, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Balboa Park, San Diego, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Bd29b6.jpg

  • Southern California. Howea forsteriana on right. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Ff6a73.jpg
  • 994a43.jpg

  • Ventura county, California. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • 6db658.jpg
  • 4e19af.jpg
  • 81aea4.jpg
  • Efe681.jpg
  • Dd78aa.jpg
  • 5e03e8.jpg

  • San Diego Botanic Garden. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Encinitas CA. At Dorian Ouer's place (Dean Ouer's old place). Photo by Troy Donavon

  • Wind-tattered plant in a car yard in the centre of Tauranga, in New Zealand. Photo by tanetahi

  • In the rainforest section of Brisbane's botanic gardens. Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi

  • Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi

  • Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi

  • Mt. Coot-Tha gardens, Toowong, Brisbane, QLD, AU. Photo by tanetahi

  • Howea Forsteriana Left, and Howea Belmoreana Centre, Auckland, New Zealand. Photo-Black Diamond Images

  • Sydney, AU. Photo by Jordi

  • Sydney, AU. Photo by Jordi

  • Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. "By this stage the Howea forsteriana gave way to Howea belmoreana, and some were over 9 m tall." "Jack our guide leads on." Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Mt. Gower Climb (Lord Howe Island) - Troy & Darold Petty's excellent adventure. Photo by Troy Donovan.

  • Old Beach, Tasmania. Garden of Troy Donovan. Trachycarpus Belmoreana on right. Photo by Troy Donovan.

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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