Pinanga johorensis

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Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
johorensis (Joo-hoor-EN-sis)
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National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Bangi Reserve Forest, in front of Biology building. Photo by rohana kamarul ariffin
Scientific Classification
Genus: Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
Species:
johorensis (Joo-hoor-EN-sis)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Asia
Asia.gif
Morphology
Habit: Clustering
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
None.

Habitat and Distribution

Malayan Peninsula, (south end). Distribwion: Johor, Lenggor P.R., Mersing
National University of Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. Bangi Reserve Forest, in front of Biology building. Photo by rohana kamarul ariffin
F.R., Bukit Jamari; Singapore.

Description

Clustering, pleonanthic (not monocarpic), monoecious palm. Stem with basal suckers forming very loose clumps, stoloniferous with distant stems up to 3 m apart; stem to 7 m tall, slender to 3 cm in diam.; nodal scars conspicuous, 1 cm wide, internode to 15 cm apart; stem surface green, sometimes sparsely lepidote, with brown scales. Crownshaft to about 65 cm long, dark green, sometimes glaucous, conspicuously swollen in developing inflorescences. Leaves six to nine in crown; leaf sheath to 32 cm long, glaucous on freshly exposed parts, prominently lepidote on older parts; leaf with sheath to 1 m or longer; petiole to 38 cm long, about 1 cm in diam., slightly channelled adaxially, round abaxially, lepidote; leaflets acuminate, often five to seven regularly arranged on each side of rachis, broad with 4-5 nerves (sometimes with 17 to 22 pairs of leaflets, each with fewer nerves), the apical leaflets broader, very prominently toothed and deeply lobed; lamina up to 122 cm long by 75 cm wide, shiny green, coriaceous, drying dull greenish brown on upper surface, darker brown on abaxial surface. Inflorescence infrafoliar, pendulous; prophyll from immature inflorescence elliptic, strongly two-keeled, pink when fresh; peduncle short to 1.5 cm long, flattened, wide at the prophyll scar; rachillae two, rarely three, with floral triads arranged distichously. Immature staminate flowers asymmetrical, sessile; calyx with three free triangular unequal lobes, about 2 mm long; corolla with three well developed ovate lobes, joined shortly below; stamens about 38. Immature pistillate flower sessile; globose, calyx with three triangular, ciliate-margined lobes, about the same size as calyx lobes; staminodes absent; ovary cylindrical to ovoid, about 1.5 x 1 cm; stigma with short style about 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; stigma irregularly lobed and flattened. Infructescence infrafoliar strongly reflexed, up to 22 cm long. Immature fruits buffcoloured with pink tips, maturing to bright red and black, with black calyx and corolla, borne on coral red rachillae. Mature fruit ellipsoid to 3 x 1.5 cm, with a distinct low collar surrounding the apical stigmatic remains; epicarp smooth; endocarp with conspicuous longitudinal fibres; seed adhering to endocarp, 1.5 x 1.2 cm, attached basally; endosperm deeply and irregularly ruminate; embryo basal. (e-taxonomy.eu) Editing by edric.

Notes: This smaller relative ofP. malaiana (Mart.) Scheffer has undoubtedly been often confused with its larger kin, and perhaps many herbarium specimens still exist under that appellation. It can frequently be seen along the road from Kluang to Jamaluang, where it is under threat from forest clearance, and at Bukit Jamari. Apart from the two, sometimes three-branched rachillae, it can be differentiated by the slender stems growing out of surprisingly distant stolons, and its fewer broad leaflets with the apical leaflets prominently toothed, although multi-pinnate forms with narrower leaflets can also be found. In the field, the swollen leafsheaths have been observed to be penetrated by insects eager to ravage the inflorescence within; one rarely sees exposed flowers in anthesis. After abscission the prophyll may sometimes be erect, but are usually deflexed. It is relatively widespread in Johor, justifying its epithet. From the Lenggor F.R. to Mersing, it grows sympatrically with P./imosa, P. palustris Kiew (see below), Nenga granelif/ora Fernando, and N. pllmila var. pachystaclzya (Blume) Fernando, I. geonomiformis Griff. ex Mart., I. asli C.K. Lim, and the rattans of the area including Kortllalsia eclzinometra Becc., and K. flagellaris Miq.. Ridley's 1903 specimen indicates its presence in Singapore. Further research might possibly yield collections in Sumatra and the Riouw islands. (e-taxonomy.eu)

Culture

Comments and Curiosities



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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