Difference between revisions of "Phoenix paludosa"

Latest revision as of 05:11, 24 June 2016

Phoenix (FEH-niks)
paludosa (pah-loo-DOH-sah)

Kantang, Thailand. Photo by Dr. Sasha Barrow, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

Scientific Classification

Genus:	Phoenix (FEH-niks)
Species:	paludosa (pah-loo-DOH-sah)

Synonyms

None set.

Native Continent

Asia

Morphology

Habit:	Clustering
Leaf type:	Pinnate

Culture

Survivability index

Common names

Mangrove Date Palm, Hental Palm

Habitat and Distribution

Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Malaya, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Sap from the mangrove date palm, Phoenix paludosa, is used to make sugar. Photo: jerry-coleby-williams.net

Coastal swamps of West Bengal (particularly Sundarbans), Orissa and the Andamans.

Description

Clustering palm, to 5 m high, usually forming dense thickets, the leaves are 2 to 3 m long and recurved, Acanthophylls (spines) at the base of the petiole. Purple to black fruits.

Small palm found on hard muddy soils on margins of mangrove areas. Will grow in areas disturbed by thallasinid mounds.

Leaves like Nypa but smaller and arranged at the crown of the plant. Editing by edric.

Culture

Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a

Comments and Curiosities

Etymology: paludosa in Latin, literally, swampy.

Conservation: This species is threatened by the loss of mangrove habitat throughout its range, primarily due to extraction and coastal development, and there has been an estimated 24% decline in mangrove area within this species' range since 1980. It has an area of occupancy of less than 2,000 km² within its restricted range in southeast Asia. There is a continuing decline in the area and quality of its habitat due to coastal development and resource extraction. This species meets two out of three thresholds under Criterion B and nearly qualifies for Criterion A, and therefore is listed as Near Threatened. (iucnredlist.org)

"This is probably the most tropical of all the Phoenix species. It is a suckering palm with sometimes so many trunks it looks like a big mass of leaves. The leaves themselves are very soft for a Phoenix, similar to P rupicolas, but with wider leaflets. The palms can be pruned to looks a bit like miniature Senegal Date Palms (Phoenix reclinatas) but they have sharp spines near their leaf bases so most don't bother. It can be an ornamental palm if pruned, however. This palm can survive in some spots here in So Cal, but it's really a palm for warmer, wetter climates." (Geoff Stein)

A smallish, clustering date palm that is widely distributed in mangrove or swamp forest from easternmost India south to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It grows a small cluster of slender trunks that are, at first, clothed in coarse, fibrous leaf sheaths, becoming bare with age. The mildly plumose, gracefully arching leaves hold many soft, narrow, slightly drooping leaflets that are distinctly grayish below and pale green above. The attractive purple to black fruits are held in dense clusters. Though not uncommon in habitat, it is very rarely seen in cultivation. It requires some maintenance to trim old leaves and suckers but will make an extraordinary ornamental that, despite its tropical habitat, adapts well to cooler climates and will take an occasional light frost without harm. (RPS.com)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __noeditsection__
 {{Palmbox
-|image=5bbbd4.jpg
+|image=Pp781.jpg
-|image_caption="fruits on a maturing but still young palm only 6' tall, southern California." Photo by Geoff Stein
+|image_caption=Kantang, Thailand. Photo by Dr. Sasha Barrow, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 |genus=Phoenix (FEH-niks)
 |species=<br>paludosa (pah-loo-DOH-sah)
@@ Line 18: / Line 18: @@
 |soil_type=
 |msi=
-|common_names=Mangrove Date Palm
+|common_names=Mangrove Date Palm, Hental Palm
 }}
 ==Habitat and Distribution==
-Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Malaya, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam. Coastal swamps of West Bengal (particularly Sundarbans), Orissa and the Andamans.
+Andaman Is., Assam, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Malaya, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam. [[File:mangrove-date-palm-phoenix-paludosa-buri-goalini-1.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Sap from the mangrove date palm, Phoenix paludosa, is used to make sugar. Photo: jerry-coleby-williams.net]]Coastal swamps of West Bengal (particularly Sundarbans), Orissa and the Andamans.
-[[image:3939ed.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Singapore. Photo by Geoff Stein]]
 ==Description==
 Clustering palm, to 5 m high, usually forming dense thickets, the leaves are 2 to 3 m long and recurved, Acanthophylls (spines) at the base of the petiole. Purple to black fruits.
@@ Line 28: / Line 27: @@
 Small palm found on hard muddy soils on margins of mangrove areas. Will grow in areas disturbed by thallasinid mounds.
-Leaves like Nypa but smaller and arranged at the crown of the plant.
+Leaves like Nypa but smaller and arranged at the crown of the plant. Editing by edric.
 ==Culture==
 Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
@@ Line 40: / Line 39: @@
 "This is probably the most tropical of all the Phoenix species. It is a suckering palm with sometimes so many trunks it looks like a big mass of leaves. The leaves themselves are very soft for a Phoenix, similar to P rupicolas, but with wider leaflets. The palms can be pruned to looks a bit like miniature Senegal Date Palms (Phoenix reclinatas) but they have sharp spines near their leaf bases so most don't bother. It can be an ornamental palm if pruned, however. This palm can survive in some spots here in So Cal, but it's really a palm for warmer, wetter climates." (Geoff Stein)
+A smallish, clustering date palm that is widely distributed in mangrove or swamp forest from easternmost India south to the Malay Peninsula and Sumatra. It grows a small cluster of slender trunks that are, at first, clothed in coarse, fibrous leaf sheaths, becoming bare with age. The mildly plumose, gracefully arching leaves hold many soft, narrow, slightly drooping leaflets that are distinctly grayish below and pale green above. The attractive purple to black fruits are held in dense clusters. Though not uncommon in habitat, it is very rarely seen in cultivation. It requires some maintenance to trim old leaves and suckers but will make an extraordinary ornamental that, despite its tropical habitat, adapts well to cooler climates and will take an occasional light frost without harm. (RPS.com)
 <br clear="all">
@@ Line 60: / Line 61: @@
 image:E473a7.jpg|Southern California. Photo by Geoff Stein
 image:B11a60.jpg|Showing Acanthophylls (spines) at the base of the petiole. Southern California. Photo by Geoff Stein
-image:69651_orig.jpg|Habitat. Photo by Wan Hong
+File:93e07f.jpg|Huntington Gardens, southern California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
-image:Nn_28z.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand. Photo by Antonio Gomez Sancho
+File:b73a41.jpg|Southern California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
+File:7770a4.jpg|Huntington Gardens, southern California. Photo by growin.
+File:11c370.jpg|Huntington Gardens, southern California. Photo by growin.
+File:c18779.jpg|Huntington Gardens, southern California. Photo by Geoff Stein.
+image:Nn_28.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Garden, Thailand. Photo by Antonio Gomez Sancho
+File:ppIMG_0879.JPG|Ganges Delta, India to Malaysia. Photo: gvcocks.homeip.net
+File:pp908676432.JPG|Private garden in the Florida Keys. Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp70766598324.JPG|Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Florida. Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp579845119.JPG|Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp66307218.JPG|Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp377046833.JPG|Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp4239078551.JPG|Photo by Paul Craft.
+File:pp66453122908.JPG
+File:Mandate_4.jpg|Image Text: coastalnewstoday.com/india-study-points-to-mangroves-evolution
+File:Phoenix paludosa_leaf_1.JPG
+File:pp9060543786121.JPG
+File:pp786403.JPG
+File:pp4563882311.JPG
+File:pp007864632.JPG|Photo: flora-click.com
+File:pp7865331210.JPG|Photo: flora-click.com
+File:pp3423376589.JPG|Photo: flora-click.com
+File:309460247_9f30546352_o.jpg|Photo: oovobo.violet.vn
+File:mangrove-date-palm-phoenix-paludosa-buri-goalini-1.jpg|Sap from the silver date palm, Phoenix sylvestris, is used to make sugar, resulting in a severely disfigured trunk. Photo: jerry-coleby-williams.net
+File:post-42-0-91538200-1386496838.jpg|Cooran, northern end of the Sunshine Coast region, southeast Queensland, Australia. Garden of John and Jeanne Price. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.
 image:Mangrove-date-palm-in-habitat.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
 image:Mangrove-date-palm.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
 image:Mangrove-date-palm2.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
+File:3863764571_c549f58ce5_o.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
 image:Mangrove-date-palm-at-waters-edge.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
 image:Mangrove-date-palm-fruit.jpg|Photo by Dr. Jean Yong
@@ Line 70: / Line 99: @@
 image:Phoenix-paludosa---Habit.jpg|Photo-Malasia Biological Diversity
 image:Phoenix-paludosa---Fruits.jpg|Photo-Malasia Biological Diversity
-image:
-image:
-image:
-image:
-image:
-image:
-image:
-image:
 image:Phoenix-paludosa---Seedling.jpg|Photo-Malasia Biological Diversity
-image:
+File:b7gal1at6rrhxdm52.jpg|Photo: tropenland.at
+File:Phoenix-paludosa.jpg|Photo by Karin.
+File:phoenix-paludosa-martius-1850.jpg|Martius, 1850.
+File:pp7864621099.JPG|Image Text: coastalnewstoday.com/india-study-points-to-mangroves-evolution/
+File:pp709054932411.JPG|Image Text: niobioinformatics.in
+File:pp7859084523178.JPG|Image Text: flora-click.com
+File:pp9064423177.JPG|Image Text: tigernation.org
+File:pp4107995378.JPG|Image Text: photomazza.com
+File:pp067326759.JPG|Image Text: photomazza.com
+File:pp690213490.JPG|Image Text: photomazza.com
 </gallery></center>
 ==External Links==
 *[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 *[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 *[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
+*http://www.photomazza.com/?Phoenix-paludosa
+*[http://coastalnewstoday.com/india-study-points-to-mangroves-evolution/ India – Study points to mangroves evolution]
+*http://www.niobioinformatics.in/mangroves/MANGCD/areca4.htm
 ==References==
 Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
@@ Line 94: / Line 126: @@
 Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 {{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 [[Category:PHOENIX|paludosa]]

Difference between revisions of "Phoenix paludosa"

Latest revision as of 05:11, 24 June 2016

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