Difference between revisions of "Dictyosperma album"

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*[http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:Palms_of_the_Mascarene_Archipelago SUB CATEGORY PALMS OF THE MASCARENE ARCHIPELIGO]
 
 
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[[Image:52614bz.jpg|thumb|left|820px|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff stein, edric.]]
 
 
{{Palmbox
 
{{Palmbox
|image=047842d1-d6d0-4c87-b2c0-0227323150d2z.jpg
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|image=3c49741d-9187-445e-8617-88da6bf76640z.jpg
|image_caption=Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
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|image_caption=Caracas Botanic Garden, Venezuela. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
|genus=Dictyosperma <br>(dik'-tie-oh-SPURM-ah)
+
|genus=Dictyosperma <br>(dik-tee-oh-SPURM-ah)
|species=<br>album (ALL-bohm)
+
|species=<br>album (ALL-buhm)
 
|synonyms=None
 
|synonyms=None
 
|continent=africa
 
|continent=africa
 
|habit=Solitary
 
|habit=Solitary
 
|leaf_type=Pinnate
 
|leaf_type=Pinnate
|height=12m
+
|height=12 m
|trunk_diameter=25cm approx
+
|trunk_diameter=25 cm approx
 
|sun_exposure=Full sun
 
|sun_exposure=Full sun
 
|watering=
 
|watering=
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|common_names=Hurricane palm or Princess palm.
 
|common_names=Hurricane palm or Princess palm.
 
}}
 
}}
{{Palm Page}}
 
 
==Habitat and distribution==
 
==Habitat and distribution==
Endemic to the Mascarene archipelago, Mauritius, Rodrigues, La Réunion. Can be found growing, from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 feet. Living in the coastal forests of the Mascarenes, they experience warm temperatures, high humidity and regular rainfall. '''Dictyosperma album''' is found in tropical areas. It is nearly extinct in habitat, because of wholesale conversion to farmland.
+
''Dictyosperma album'' is endemic to the Mascarene archipelago, Mauritius, Rodrigues, [[image:52614b.jpg|thumb|left|500px]]La Réunion. Can be found growing, from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 feet. Living in the coastal forests of the Mascarenes, they experience warm temperatures, high humidity and regular rainfall. '''Dictyosperma album''' is found in tropical areas. It is nearly extinct in habitat, because of wholesale conversion to farmland.
 
+
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
Dictyosperma album is a medium-sized palm, generally reaching about 12 meters (37 feet) in height. A solitary, pinnate, monoecious (male and female flowers on the same inflorescence) palm, that develops a somewhat swollen crownshaft. The crownshafts range from green to grey to brown. The trunks have swollen bases, and the inflorescence looks like a horse tail, or rooster tail. The most distinguishing feature, is that the newly emergent leaves stand as vertical spears. In habitat, these palms can grow 40 feet tall. The ringed trunks are solitary at 15 cm. in diameter with a slight bulge at the base. The crownshaft is over a meter tall, swollen at the base, and covered in white wax— which has given the palm its epithet, album and small, matted brown hairs, producing a rounded leaf crown 4.5 m. wide and 3 m. tall. The 2.5 to 3 m. leaves are borne on short 30 cm. petioles; the arching leaflets are pointed at the apice, from 60 – 90 cm., dark green in color, and emerge from the rachis in a single plane. On flowering, they produce up to six inflorescences which ring the trunk below the crownshaft, branched to one order, with white to yellow flowers, which are male and female; both pistillate and staminate flowers have three sepals and three petals, the former being smaller than the latter. The ovoid fruit ripen to purple or black in color, containing one brown, ellipsoidal seed. Its small fruit is inedible. It is called the hurricane palm because it can suffer strong winds (usually) without being destroyed. This is quite a variable palm and propagation is by seed. Editing by edric. (Smithsonian Tropical Institute)
+
Dictyosperma album is a medium-sized palm, generally reaching about 12 meters (37 feet) in height. A solitary, pinnate, monoecious (male and female flowers on the same inflorescence) palm, that develops a somewhat swollen crownshaft. The crownshafts range from green to grey to brown. The trunks have swollen bases, and the inflorescence looks like a horse tail, or rooster tail. The most distinguishing feature, is that the newly emergent leaves stand as vertical spears. In habitat, these palms can grow 40 feet tall. The ringed trunks are solitary at 15 cm. in diameter with a slight bulge at the base. The crownshaft is over a meter tall, swollen at the base, and covered in white wax— which has given the palm its epithet, album and small, matted brown hairs, producing a rounded leaf crown 4.5 m. wide and 3 m. tall. The 2.5 to 3 m. leaves are borne on short 30 cm. petioles; the arching leaflets are pointed at the apice, from 60 – 90 cm., dark green in color, and emerge from the rachis in a single plane. On flowering, they produce up to six inflorescences which ring the trunk below the crownshaft, branched to one order, with white to yellow flowers, which are male and female; both pistillate and staminate flowers have three sepals and three petals, the former being smaller than the latter. The ovoid fruit ripen to purple or black in color, containing one brown, ellipsoidal seed. Its small fruit is inedible. It is called the hurricane palm because it can suffer strong winds (usually) without being destroyed. This is quite a variable palm and propagation is by seed. Editing by edric. (Smithsonian Tropical Institute) Editing by edric.
  
 
Dictyosperma has three sub species, Dictyosperma album var. album, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum. Sold respectively, as Red, White, and Yellow.
 
Dictyosperma has three sub species, Dictyosperma album var. album, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum. Sold respectively, as Red, White, and Yellow.
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One possible trick for raising these palms in a warm temperate climate (the warmer the better) is to plant them among other leafy plants, like flowering gingers, bananas, or bamboo, which raise the ambient humidity and create a more-favorable microclimate.  Dictyosperma album var. rubrum is possibly more tolerant to dry Mediterranean climates and has been seen growing perfectly in inland San Diego in half day sun.  A nice specimen also grows in La Habra, California, about 20 miles from the sea.
 
One possible trick for raising these palms in a warm temperate climate (the warmer the better) is to plant them among other leafy plants, like flowering gingers, bananas, or bamboo, which raise the ambient humidity and create a more-favorable microclimate.  Dictyosperma album var. rubrum is possibly more tolerant to dry Mediterranean climates and has been seen growing perfectly in inland San Diego in half day sun.  A nice specimen also grows in La Habra, California, about 20 miles from the sea.
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[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dictyosperma_album]]
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</center>
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
There are two subspecies, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, (Rodrigues Island), and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, (Mauritius).
 
There are two subspecies, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, (Rodrigues Island), and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, (Mauritius).
  
 
This is a [[monotypic]] genus.
 
This is a [[monotypic]] genus.
==External Links==
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 
*http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/palms/palm-id/Dictyosperma_album.htm
 
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGN-xnaimAA
 
*http://www.palmdoctor.com/Palm_0f_The_Month/Dictyosperma_album.htm
 
*http://www.floridata.com/ref/d/dict_alb.cfm
 
*http://www.palmbeachpalmcycadsociety.com/palms/documents/DictyospermaAlbum.pdf
 
==References==
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 
  
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
+
A tall growing, attractive palm with a prominent, pale crownshaft and swollen trunk base. With its elegant, feather-shaped leaves, it makes an attractive pot plant when young. It grows fast given a sunny position and adequate water and feed, and will succeed in tropical, subtropical, and some warm temperate areas. The Hurricane Palm can also take considerable coastal exposure. (RPS.com), edric.
  
Special thanks to palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.
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{{#Widget:AdResban}}
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px">
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
image:047842d1-d6d0-4c87-b2c0-0227323150d2z.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
+
image:047842d1-d6d0-4c87-b2c0-0227323150d2z.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:F36a4851-1564-4477-b1ba-b3073f3eb4b3z.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
+
image:F36a4851-1564-4477-b1ba-b3073f3eb4b3z.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:4f732adf-9058-41f2-9a52-f55b60182535z.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. S. Minter, edric.
+
image:4f732adf-9058-41f2-9a52-f55b60182535z.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. S. Minter, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:0c2067ef-c96e-4967-ac72-1fb085ee5d0ez.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
+
image:0c2067ef-c96e-4967-ac72-1fb085ee5d0ez.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Florida. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:515b90f2-3148-469a-967b-d38e7d79a8b3z.jpg|National Tropical Botanic Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, edric.
+
image:515b90f2-3148-469a-967b-d38e7d79a8b3z.jpg|National Tropical Botanic Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:A1e85dfd-238b-4279-9141-536e2fd3a4f9z.jpg|National Tropical Botanic Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, edric.
+
image:A1e85dfd-238b-4279-9141-536e2fd3a4f9z.jpg|National Tropical Botanic Garden, Hawaii. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:3c49741d-9187-445e-8617-88da6bf76640z.jpg|Caracas Botanic Garden, Venezuela. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
+
image:3c49741d-9187-445e-8617-88da6bf76640z.jpg|Caracas Botanic Garden, Venezuela. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:D72de5ad-41b5-4aa3-9d05-3aa2f82cc0c1z.jpg|Mahe, Seychelles. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, edric.
+
image:D72de5ad-41b5-4aa3-9d05-3aa2f82cc0c1z.jpg|Mahe, Seychelles. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
image:Picture_279z.jpg||GKP St.Pete, FL.
+
image:Picture_279z.jpg|GKP St.Pete, FL.
 
image:Dictyosperma album Sul.jpg
 
image:Dictyosperma album Sul.jpg
 
image:Zzdictyosperma_album_dbgz.jpg| Durban Botanical Garden, South Africa.
 
image:Zzdictyosperma_album_dbgz.jpg| Durban Botanical Garden, South Africa.
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image:Dictyosperma_album4z.jpg
 
image:F6e447z.jpg
 
image:F6e447z.jpg
image:Zalbum02z.jpg|Photo by Mike Gray, edric.
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image:Zalbum02z.jpg|Photo by Mike Gray
image:Starr-071024-8819.jpg|Photo by Forest & Kim Starr, edric.
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image:Starr-071024-8819.jpg|Photo by Forest & Kim Starr
image:Zalbumz.jpg|Photo-University of Florida-IFAS, edric.
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image:Zalbumz.jpg|Photo-University of Florida-IFAS
 
image:DictyospermaAlbum88z.png
 
image:DictyospermaAlbum88z.png
 
image:Dictyosperma_album87.jpg|Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden.
 
image:Dictyosperma_album87.jpg|Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden.
image:GBPIX_photo_519216z.jpg|Saint Denis, La Réunion Island. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes", edric.
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image:GBPIX_photo_519216z.jpg|Saint Denis, La Réunion Island. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
image:D.Album65z.jpg|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Michael, edric.
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image:D.Album65z.jpg|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Michael
image:00048.jpg|La Habana Botanical Garden, Cuba. Photo by Jason Schoneman, edric.
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image:00048.jpg|La Habana Botanical Garden, Cuba. Photo by Jason Schoneman
 +
image:3533789522_8d8c6e90c8_o.jpg|Photo by Vivero de Palmas
 +
image:DaDSC_5379.jpg|Roma Street Parklands, in central Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'connor
 +
image:DaIMG_5627.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, Florida. Photo by Kathryn Morgan
 +
image:DaIMG_5628.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, Florida. Photo by Kathryn Morgan
 +
image:Post-747-0-28306700-1396480934.jpg|Manuel Antonio, Costa Rica. Lou's farm. Photo by Jeff Anderson
 +
File:post-6551-0-66978000-1424633541.jpg|Dictyosperma Album var. Aureum on the left, Dictyosperma Album on the right. Marco Herrero Farm (Costa Rica). Photo by Jason.
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File:post-42-0-85360200-1431181742.jpg|Wollongong Botanical Gardens Palm Collection, 90 minute drive south of Sydney. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.
 +
File:daIMG_1292.JPG|Pomano Beach, FL. Photo by John Doughten.
 +
File:daIMG_1293.JPG|Pomano Beach, FL. Photo by John Doughten.
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File:daIMG_1294.JPG|Pomano Beach, FL. Photo by John Doughten.
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File:daIMG_1300.JPG|Pomano Beach, FL. Photo by John Doughten.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
File:$_57 (2).JPG
 
</gallery></center>
 
</gallery></center>
 +
==External Links==
 +
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 +
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 +
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 +
*http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/palms/palm-id/Dictyosperma_album.htm
 +
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yGN-xnaimAA
 +
*http://www.palmdoctor.com/Palm_0f_The_Month/Dictyosperma_album.htm
 +
*http://www.floridata.com/ref/d/dict_alb.cfm
 +
*http://www.palmbeachpalmcycadsociety.com/palms/documents/DictyospermaAlbum.pdf
 +
==References==
 +
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 +
 +
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
 +
 +
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
 +
 +
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 +
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:Palms of the Mascarene Archipelago]]
 
[[Category:Palms of the Mascarene Archipelago]]
 
[[Category:DICTYOSPERMA|album]]
 
[[Category:DICTYOSPERMA|album]]

Latest revision as of 22:03, 1 September 2016

Dictyosperma
(dik-tee-oh-SPURM-ah)
album (ALL-buhm)
3c49741d-9187-445e-8617-88da6bf76640z.jpg
Caracas Botanic Garden, Venezuela. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Dictyosperma
(dik-tee-oh-SPURM-ah)
Species:
album (ALL-buhm)
Synonyms
None
Native Continent
Africa
Africa.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Height: 12 m
Trunk diameter: 25 cm approx
Culture
Sun exposure: Full sun
Survivability index
Common names
Hurricane palm or Princess palm.

Habitat and distribution

Dictyosperma album is endemic to the Mascarene archipelago, Mauritius, Rodrigues,
52614b.jpg
La Réunion. Can be found growing, from sea level to an altitude of 2,000 feet. Living in the coastal forests of the Mascarenes, they experience warm temperatures, high humidity and regular rainfall. Dictyosperma album is found in tropical areas. It is nearly extinct in habitat, because of wholesale conversion to farmland.

Description

Dictyosperma album is a medium-sized palm, generally reaching about 12 meters (37 feet) in height. A solitary, pinnate, monoecious (male and female flowers on the same inflorescence) palm, that develops a somewhat swollen crownshaft. The crownshafts range from green to grey to brown. The trunks have swollen bases, and the inflorescence looks like a horse tail, or rooster tail. The most distinguishing feature, is that the newly emergent leaves stand as vertical spears. In habitat, these palms can grow 40 feet tall. The ringed trunks are solitary at 15 cm. in diameter with a slight bulge at the base. The crownshaft is over a meter tall, swollen at the base, and covered in white wax— which has given the palm its epithet, album and small, matted brown hairs, producing a rounded leaf crown 4.5 m. wide and 3 m. tall. The 2.5 to 3 m. leaves are borne on short 30 cm. petioles; the arching leaflets are pointed at the apice, from 60 – 90 cm., dark green in color, and emerge from the rachis in a single plane. On flowering, they produce up to six inflorescences which ring the trunk below the crownshaft, branched to one order, with white to yellow flowers, which are male and female; both pistillate and staminate flowers have three sepals and three petals, the former being smaller than the latter. The ovoid fruit ripen to purple or black in color, containing one brown, ellipsoidal seed. Its small fruit is inedible. It is called the hurricane palm because it can suffer strong winds (usually) without being destroyed. This is quite a variable palm and propagation is by seed. Editing by edric. (Smithsonian Tropical Institute) Editing by edric.

Dictyosperma has three sub species, Dictyosperma album var. album, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum. Sold respectively, as Red, White, and Yellow.

Culture

These palms grow well in South Florida. They are not prone to micro-nutritional deficiencies. They have come through Category 1 hurricanes without damage. Since 1994, I have never observed any cold damage, but in the 1989 freeze palms at Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden were 95 percent burned but later recovered. They are only moderately susceptible to lethal yellowing. There are three varieties commonly available in South Florida. All are salt tolerant and are best planted in full sun.

In tropical or semitropical climates such as Brisbane, Durban, Miami, Singapore or Honolulu (or in a warm, humid greenhouse anywhere), these are among the fastest-growing palms. They are also called Hurricane Palms because damage from storms that wreck other plants is repaired near-overnight by the palms' rapid natural growth rate.

They are tender to freezing cold, with qualifications. A brief freeze in Miami, or southeastern Brazil, for example, will cause damage, but, usually, not death, when the freeze is immediately followed by warm, humid weather. Dictyosperma are much less tolerant of the long, cool spells (nights under 50 F) that characterize winters in Mediterranean climates like Southern California, Western Australia or southwestern South Africa. In such places, they "spot out" (turn yellow with brown spots) and stop growing until warm weather comes again in spring. Likewise, they also perish quickly in true desert areas or as newly-planted specimens in "reverse dry desert winds" in warm temperate climates, such as the Santa Anas in California, or the Scirocco in southern Europe.

One possible trick for raising these palms in a warm temperate climate (the warmer the better) is to plant them among other leafy plants, like flowering gingers, bananas, or bamboo, which raise the ambient humidity and create a more-favorable microclimate. Dictyosperma album var. rubrum is possibly more tolerant to dry Mediterranean climates and has been seen growing perfectly in inland San Diego in half day sun. A nice specimen also grows in La Habra, California, about 20 miles from the sea.

PFC for PP.png

Comments and Curiosities

There are two subspecies, Dictyosperma album var. aureum, (Rodrigues Island), and Dictyosperma album var. conjugatum, (Mauritius).

This is a monotypic genus.

A tall growing, attractive palm with a prominent, pale crownshaft and swollen trunk base. With its elegant, feather-shaped leaves, it makes an attractive pot plant when young. It grows fast given a sunny position and adequate water and feed, and will succeed in tropical, subtropical, and some warm temperate areas. The Hurricane Palm can also take considerable coastal exposure. (RPS.com), edric.



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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