Difference between revisions of "Plectocomia elongata"

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|subspecies=
 
|subspecies=
 
|cultivar=
 
|cultivar=
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|synonyms=
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|synonyms=Plectocomia griffithii  = Plectocomia elongata var. elongata
 
|continent=asia
 
|continent=asia
 
|habit=Solitary
 
|habit=Solitary
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|watering=
 
|watering=
 
|soil_type=
 
|soil_type=
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|common_names=
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|common_names=Giant Rattan Palm, Bubuai, hoe bubuai (Sunda), menjalin warak (Jawa)
 +
 
 
}}
 
}}
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
−
Borneo, Java, Philippines, Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam.
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Borneo, Java, Philippines, [[File:pe0026582.jpg|thumb|left|390px|Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam.
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[[File:pe27874326.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]
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<br>
 
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==Description==
 
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[[File:pe0021546.JPG|thumb|left|400px]]
 
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[[File:pe0017325.JPG|thumb|right400px]]
 
  
  
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<br>
 
<br>
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==Description==
 +
[[File:pe0021546.JPG|thumb|left|300px]]
 +
[[File:pe0017325.JPG|thumb|center|300px]]
 
==Culture==
 
==Culture==
 +
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10b
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 +
Etymology: Specific epithet from the Latin, literally; elongated.
 +
 +
Uses: The canes are used for making chair legs, frames of tables and beds, strong baskets for use by miners, and also in handicrafts. The canes are 30 - 50 mm in diameter, they have poor durability and flexibility.
 +
 +
A [[monocarpic]] species, it can grow for many years without flowering, then flowers prolifically before setting seed and dying.
 +
{{collapse top}}
 
There are two sub-species: 1.) Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata'; Known only from Bt. Retak. Elsewhere rare on Kinabalu and G. Mulu, abundant in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java; a variety known in Palawan.
 
There are two sub-species: 1.) Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata'; Known only from Bt. Retak. Elsewhere rare on Kinabalu and G. Mulu, abundant in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java; a variety known in Palawan.
  
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This is an imperfectly known species in Borneo. Large plants of P. mulleri from sites on good soil may appear very similar. Apart from the extreme poor soil form of P. mulleri, the two taxa can only be told apart with certainty if fertile material is available. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb.
 
This is an imperfectly known species in Borneo. Large plants of P. mulleri from sites on good soil may appear very similar. Apart from the extreme poor soil form of P. mulleri, the two taxa can only be told apart with certainty if fertile material is available. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb.
  
−
Etymology: From the Latin, literally; elongated.
 
  
−
2.) Plectocomia elongata var. philippinensis: Philippines.
+
A very large and agressive climbing palm native to Thailand, Malaysia and eastern Indonesia, where it colonizes riverbanks, landslips, and forest edges in rainforests to 1500 m (4900 ft.). It produces a trunk as thick as a leg and to 50 m (160 ft.) long, formidably armed with golden brown spines and holding numerous very large leaves with whorled leaflets that are gray or white below. If you have large trees in your garden, plant this rattan and stand back. You can literally watch as it snakes up into the canopy. And should you get sick of it you can always cut it down (use an elephant to drag the cane out of the trees, like they do in Thailand!) and make your own rattan furniture. (RPS.com)
  
 +
2.) Plectocomia elongata var. philippinensis: Philippines.
 +
{{collapse bottom}}
 
<br style="clear:both;"/>
 
<br style="clear:both;"/>
 
{{#Widget:AdResban}}
 
{{#Widget:AdResban}}
 
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="300px" heights="300px" mode="packed">
 
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="300px" heights="300px" mode="packed">
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File:pe2787038.jpg|Cibodas, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.  
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File:_52246d399d70e.jpg|Cibodas, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe27874326.jpg|Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.  
 
File:pe27874326.jpg|Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.  
 
File:pe27874528.jpg|Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe27874528.jpg|Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:pe2787039.jpg|Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe2787039.jpg|Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe2787040.jpg|Khao Chong, Thailand. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe2787040.jpg|Khao Chong, Thailand. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
File:_5224797900096.jpg|Khao Chong, Thailand. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe0026582.jpg|Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe0026582.jpg|Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe0021342.jpg|Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
File:pe0021342.jpg|Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 +
File:_52247a68abd03.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_52248504ebb40.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_5224924dc6539.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_52248eebd9b7c.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_52247b5470032.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_52247e1c804c0.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_5224985418d14.jpg|Near Murphy's Pond, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:_52249880318f7.jpg|Near Murphy's Pond, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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File:5064551791_da0fa0d3e8_b.jpg|MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Siyang Teo.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_specimen.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_specimen2.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_stem.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_hooks.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_spines.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_leaf2.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_leaf.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
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File:Plectocomia_elongata_infructescence.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:b2266265bde9e401f112a45e6bd35791.jpg|Singapore. Photo: lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/
 +
File:cf942a.jpg|Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
File:dbf600.jpg|Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.
 +
File:a748b1.jpg|Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.
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File:pedscn0554s.jpg|Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Java.
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File:pe43109074566.JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC02073 (10).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC07406 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC07411 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC01981 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC01982 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC01816 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC05877 (08).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC01813 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC01815 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC05335 (08).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC05336 (08).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC05893 (08).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
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File:peDSC07414 (15).JPG|Singapore. Photo by Kwan.
 +
File:7356702846_ba6aff0c45_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
 +
File:7356704202_c775e757ee_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:7171490091_0fa9879e34_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:7356706350_6a14ce0615_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:7171492707_8d023e10d6_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:7171493715_e095d19532_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143913879_6e058a8a3f_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143943984_96d081e839_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143912119_36fe3baa2d_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143911523_81f14a4cc8_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143941740_5400936bf8_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143940866_ef955113c3_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143909305_ee0bb67d39_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143908307_ec7de22e5f_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143907587_a416989f6d_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143937610_0c907511d8_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:8143906153_8471a90fce_o.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.
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File:P3110052.jpg|PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.
 +
File:P3110051.jpg|PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.
 +
File:P3110049.jpg|PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.
 +
File:P3110173.jpg|PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.
 +
File:16521001859_25a59efd63_k.jpg|Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:16499834907_91cc9e0a97_k.jpg|Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:16705822251_2ba54d9723_k.jpg|Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:7130553923_792901b49d_k.jpg|Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:7130547697_867be97676_k.jpg|Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:7130541469_22a3fdc00d_k.jpg|Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:7130505325_b6dbc2c5e6_k.jpg|Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:6984413590_f0c7bd4994_k.jpg|Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.
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File:p1020750_thumb.jpg|Singapore. Photo: floraofsingapore.wordpress.com
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File:peimg_3133_thumb.jpg|Singapore. Photo: floraofsingapore.wordpress.com
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File:Plectocomia-griffithii---Infructescence.jpg|Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.
 
File:Plectocomia-griffithii---Infructescence.jpg|Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.
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File:Plectocomia-elongata---Habit.jpg|Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.
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File:Plectocomia-griffithii---Habit.jpg|Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.
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File:Plectocomia-elongata.jpg|Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.
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File:Plectoc_elon_071211-2481_kbdg.JPG|Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Photo by wibowo djatmiko
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File:a4dac65194c88c2fa7916af6d14e133377eba417.jpg|Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Photo by Wibowo Djatmiko.
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File:P. elongata4.JPG|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL
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File:P. elongata7.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL
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File:P. elongata2785.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL
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File:P. elongata877765.jpg|Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL
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File:PleElo.jpg|Photo: Rare Palm Seeds.com
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File:112183.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org/
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File:320080.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org/
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File:pe3421676899065.JPG|Image Text: amazing-borneo.com
 
</gallery></center>
 
</gallery></center>
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==

Latest revision as of 08:47, 12 June 2016

Plectocomia
(plehk-toh-cohm-EE-ah)
elongata (eh-lohn-GAH-tah)
Pe2787039.jpg
Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Plectocomia
(plehk-toh-cohm-EE-ah)
Species:
elongata (eh-lohn-GAH-tah)
Synonyms
Plectocomia griffithii = Plectocomia elongata var. elongata
Native Continent
Asia
Asia.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Giant Rattan Palm, Bubuai, hoe bubuai (Sunda), menjalin warak (Jawa)

Habitat and Distribution

Borneo, Java, Philippines,
Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Sumatera, Thailand, and Vietnam.





















Description

Pe0021546.JPG
Pe0017325.JPG

Culture

Cold Hardiness Zone: 10b

Comments and Curiosities

Etymology: Specific epithet from the Latin, literally; elongated.

Uses: The canes are used for making chair legs, frames of tables and beds, strong baskets for use by miners, and also in handicrafts. The canes are 30 - 50 mm in diameter, they have poor durability and flexibility.

A monocarpic species, it can grow for many years without flowering, then flowers prolifically before setting seed and dying.

Detailed Scientific Description

There are two sub-species: 1.) Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata'; Known only from Bt. Retak. Elsewhere rare on Kinabalu and G. Mulu, abundant in Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra and Java; a variety known in Palawan.

Robust, solitary rattan climbing to 50 m; stem without sheaths to 6 cm in diam. near the base, to 10 cm or more in upper parts, with sheaths to 20 cm in diam., internodes to 30 cm long; lower parts of old stems frequently with bubble-like shoots from the nodes. Sheaths dull green armed with horizontal or oblique combs of golden brown or deep reddish-brown spines to 4 cm long, and abundant white or buff-coloured indumentum; knee absent. Leaf very large, to 7 m long including the cirrus to 3 m and petiole to about 30 cm; leaflets to about 60 on each side of the rachis, arranged irregularly in 2s-7s and fanned within the groups. bluish green on the upper surface, whitish beneath. Inflorescences produced from the top 7-10 nodes, to about 80 cm long and bearing about 12 crowded pendulous branches to about 1 m; bracts chestnut brown, about 7 × 5 cm, with triangular tips but scarcely truncate. Male flowers up to about 20 within each bract; female flowers 3-9 within each bract, ± completely concealed. Mature fruit about 8 within each bract (if fewer, then fruit larger), very crowded, about 1.5 cm in diam., with reflexed stigmas and covered in about 50 vertical rows of fimbriate-margined reddish-brown scales. Seed about 1 cm in diam. Seedling leaf lanceolate, undivided. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

This is an imperfectly known species in Borneo. Large plants of P. mulleri from sites on good soil may appear very similar. Apart from the extreme poor soil form of P. mulleri, the two taxa can only be told apart with certainty if fertile material is available. (J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997)/Palmweb.


A very large and agressive climbing palm native to Thailand, Malaysia and eastern Indonesia, where it colonizes riverbanks, landslips, and forest edges in rainforests to 1500 m (4900 ft.). It produces a trunk as thick as a leg and to 50 m (160 ft.) long, formidably armed with golden brown spines and holding numerous very large leaves with whorled leaflets that are gray or white below. If you have large trees in your garden, plant this rattan and stand back. You can literally watch as it snakes up into the canopy. And should you get sick of it you can always cut it down (use an elephant to drag the cane out of the trees, like they do in Thailand!) and make your own rattan furniture. (RPS.com)

2.) Plectocomia elongata var. philippinensis: Philippines.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Cibodas, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Plectocomia elongata. Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Plectocomia elongata var. 'philippinensis'. Palawan, Philippines. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Fraser's Hill, Pahang, Malaysia. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Khao Chong, Thailand. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Khao Chong, Thailand. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Central Catchment, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Murphy's Pond, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • Near Murphy's Pond, Singapore. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • MacRitchie Reservoir Trails, Singapore. Photo by Siyang Teo.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Nong Nooch Tropical Botanical Gardens, Thailand. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Singapore. Photo: lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/

  • Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Floribunda Nersery, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.

  • Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Java.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Kwan.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • Singapore. Photo by Yeoh Yi Shuen.

  • PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.

  • PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.

  • PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.

  • PHILIPPINES: Samar:: Samar Prov. Hinabangan, Cansulabao, Arizona; coordinates of general area 11 42 0.03 N, 125 4 0.00 E. Photo by Dr. Jiro Adorador.

  • Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Kinabalu Botanical Garden, Mount Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Gunung Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia. Photo by Ahmad Fuad Morad.

  • Singapore. Photo: floraofsingapore.wordpress.com

  • Singapore. Photo: floraofsingapore.wordpress.com

  • Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Plectocomia elongata var. 'elongata' Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Photo-Malaysian Biological Diversity.

  • Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Photo by wibowo djatmiko

  • Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Photo by Wibowo Djatmiko.

  • Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL

  • Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL

  • Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL

  • Hilo, Hawaii. Photo by BGL

  • Photo: Rare Palm Seeds.com

  • Image: plantillustrations.org/

  • Image: plantillustrations.org/

  • Image Text: amazing-borneo.com

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

J. Dransfield, The Rattans of Brunei Darussalam. 1997


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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