Calamus dasyacanthus - Revision history

Edric_blocked_old at 15:23, 4 January 2016

2016-01-04T15:23:02Z

Edric_blocked_old at 11:13, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T11:13:39Z

Edric_blocked_old at 11:11, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T11:11:55Z

Edric_blocked_old at 11:09, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T11:09:11Z

Edric_blocked_old at 11:00, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T11:00:36Z

Edric_blocked_old at 10:43, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T10:43:57Z

Edric_blocked_old at 10:34, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T10:34:47Z

Edric_blocked_old at 10:29, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T10:29:35Z

Edric_blocked_old at 10:11, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T10:11:20Z

Edric_blocked_old at 09:51, 17 January 2015

2015-01-17T09:51:15Z

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ==Habitat and Distribution==
 Known from three localities, two on the south coast of New Guinea and the third on Biak island. Various types of primary and secondary forest vegetation, 30 – 150 m.
-[[File:palm_tc_222904_4z.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]
+[[File:palm_tc_222904_4.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]
 ==Description==
 Robust, solitary rattan climbing to 15 m. Stem with sheaths 36 – 45 mm in diam., without sheaths 20 – 23 mm in diam.; internodes 10 – 25 cm. Leaf cirrate, to 5 m long including cirrus and petiole; sheath green, with scattered, thin, caducous indumentum of matted brown fibrous scales, spines numerous, 2.5 – 47 × 1 – 10 mm, orange-brown, planar, parallel-sided, flexible, somewhat papery, apices truncate, apices and margins distinctly lacerate and fimbriate, spine bases slightly swollen adaxially, spines of various sizes, forming partial whorls of few to many spines, sheath mouth densely armed with numerous spines; knee 50 – 70 mm long, 37 – 45 mm wide, moderately to densely armed, colour and indumentum as on sheath; ocrea 8 – 10 mm, forming a low, woody, brown, armed, persistent collar, base of ocrea extending along petiole to an acute angle; flagellum absent; petiole 0 – 30 mm, 16 – 23 mm wide and 8 – 10 mm thick at base, channelled or flat adaxially, rounded abaxially, indumentum as on sheath, with few to many short triangular spines or spines as sheath; rachis 2 – 3 m, with few to many spines as petiole, with grapnel spines abaxially; leaflets 14 – 25 each side of rachis, irregular or arranged in widely spaced pairs, the leaflets in each pair sometimes slightly divergent, broadly lanceolate, cucullate, longest leaflets near middle of leaf, 28.5 – 40 × 4 – 6.8 cm, apical leaflets 20.5 – 29 × 2 – 3 cm, distal leaflets widely spaced, basal leaflets small, leaflet surfaces lightly armed with few bristles 0.8 – 2 mm on adaxial surface of mid-rib and major veins near leaflet base, leaflet margins unarmed or with few bristles 0.3 – 2.6 mm near leaflet apex, transverse veinlets inconspicuous; cirrus 1.5 – 2 m, cirrus grapnel spines arranged regularly. Staminate inflorescence similar to pistillate inflorescence, but branched to 3 orders, up to 1.3 m long including about 27.5 cm peduncle, branched to 3 orders; prophyll about 28 × 1.3 cm, strictly tubular, with 2 conspicuous keels, prophyll mouth entire, with narrow, acute, triangular limb to one side, subtending primary branch (always?), indumentum as on sheath, moderately armed with short spines; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts not seen; primary branches up to about 28 cm long, strongly recurving, bracts on primary and secondary branches funnel-shaped; rachillae about 4.5 – 21 × 1 mm, sublinear, glabrous; rachilla bracts about 0.7 × 1.2 mm, distichous, glabrous; floral bracteole about 0.8 × 1.2 mm. Staminate flowers about 3.6 × 2.2 mm in early bud; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 1.4 mm, with 3 lobes about 0.4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous; corolla c. 3.2 × 2 mm in bud, tubular in basal about 0.8 mm, glabrous; stamens 6, filaments about 1.2 × 0.3 mm, anthers about 1.5 × 0.7 mm; pistillode about 0.3 mm. Pistillate inflorescence up to 2 m long including 26 – 44 cm peduncle and 31 – 48 cm sterile tip; prophyll 21 – 27 × 1.4 – 2.2 cm, similar to staminate prophyll, sometimes subtending primary branch; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts 9 – 30 × 0.6 – 1.6 cm, similar to prophyll; primary branches 4 – 8, to 36 cm long, 11 – 23 cm apart, moderately to strongly recurving, with up to 27 rachillae, bracts on primary branch funnel-shaped; rachillae 3.5 – 15.5 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, sublinear or irregular; rachilla bracts 0.8 – 1.5 × 1 – 2.2 mm, subdistichous, sometimes with scattered indumentum as on sheath; flower clusters sometimes distinctly stalked, stalk 0.3 – 1.5 mm long, proximal floral bracteole about 1.6 × 1.2, distal floral bracteole 1.5 – 1.8 × 1.2 – 2 mm, glabrous, scar from sterile staminate flower about 0.2 mm in diam. Pistillate flowers about 3.7 × 2.2 mm at anthesis; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 2.7 mm, with 3 lobes to about 0.5 × 1 mm, glabrous; corolla about 3 × 1.5 mm, tubular in basal about 2 mm, with 3 lobes to about 1 × 0.7 mm, glabrous; staminodes 6, about 0.8 mm long, staminodal ring about 1 mm high; ovary about 1.5 × 1.2 mm, globose, style about 1 mm long, stigmas about 1 mm long. Sterile staminate flowers not seen. Fruit globose, 9 – 12.8 × 8.5 – 10 mm including beak 1.5 – 2 mm, with 18 – 19 longitudinal rows of white to pale yellow, shallowly channelled scales with entire margins, sometimes with dark tips. Seed (sarcotesta removed) 7 – 7.8 × 7 – 7.8 × 5.6 – 6 mm, globose, with a deep, narrow pit on one side, the surface covered with numerous deep pits and irregular channels; endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal. (W.J. Baker & R.P Bayton & J. Dransfield & R.A Maturbongs, A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. 2003)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 |cultivar=
 |synonyms=
-|continent=
+|continent=asia
 |habit=Solitary
 |leaf_type=Pinnate
@@ Line 19: / Line 19: @@
 }}
 ==Habitat and Distribution==
-Known from three localities, two on the south coast of New Guinea and the third on Biak island. Various types of primary and secondary forest vegetations, 30 – 150 m.
+Known from three localities, two on the south coast of New Guinea and the third on Biak island. Various types of primary and secondary forest vegetation, 30 – 150 m.
 [[File:palm_tc_222904_4z.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]
 ==Description==

@@ Line 23: / Line 23: @@
 ==Description==
 Robust, solitary rattan climbing to 15 m. Stem with sheaths 36 – 45 mm in diam., without sheaths 20 – 23 mm in diam.; internodes 10 – 25 cm. Leaf cirrate, to 5 m long including cirrus and petiole; sheath green, with scattered, thin, caducous indumentum of matted brown fibrous scales, spines numerous, 2.5 – 47 × 1 – 10 mm, orange-brown, planar, parallel-sided, flexible, somewhat papery, apices truncate, apices and margins distinctly lacerate and fimbriate, spine bases slightly swollen adaxially, spines of various sizes, forming partial whorls of few to many spines, sheath mouth densely armed with numerous spines; knee 50 – 70 mm long, 37 – 45 mm wide, moderately to densely armed, colour and indumentum as on sheath; ocrea 8 – 10 mm, forming a low, woody, brown, armed, persistent collar, base of ocrea extending along petiole to an acute angle; flagellum absent; petiole 0 – 30 mm, 16 – 23 mm wide and 8 – 10 mm thick at base, channelled or flat adaxially, rounded abaxially, indumentum as on sheath, with few to many short triangular spines or spines as sheath; rachis 2 – 3 m, with few to many spines as petiole, with grapnel spines abaxially; leaflets 14 – 25 each side of rachis, irregular or arranged in widely spaced pairs, the leaflets in each pair sometimes slightly divergent, broadly lanceolate, cucullate, longest leaflets near middle of leaf, 28.5 – 40 × 4 – 6.8 cm, apical leaflets 20.5 – 29 × 2 – 3 cm, distal leaflets widely spaced, basal leaflets small, leaflet surfaces lightly armed with few bristles 0.8 – 2 mm on adaxial surface of mid-rib and major veins near leaflet base, leaflet margins unarmed or with few bristles 0.3 – 2.6 mm near leaflet apex, transverse veinlets inconspicuous; cirrus 1.5 – 2 m, cirrus grapnel spines arranged regularly. Staminate inflorescence similar to pistillate inflorescence, but branched to 3 orders, up to 1.3 m long including about 27.5 cm peduncle, branched to 3 orders; prophyll about 28 × 1.3 cm, strictly tubular, with 2 conspicuous keels, prophyll mouth entire, with narrow, acute, triangular limb to one side, subtending primary branch (always?), indumentum as on sheath, moderately armed with short spines; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts not seen; primary branches up to about 28 cm long, strongly recurving, bracts on primary and secondary branches funnel-shaped; rachillae about 4.5 – 21 × 1 mm, sublinear, glabrous; rachilla bracts about 0.7 × 1.2 mm, distichous, glabrous; floral bracteole about 0.8 × 1.2 mm. Staminate flowers about 3.6 × 2.2 mm in early bud; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 1.4 mm, with 3 lobes about 0.4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous; corolla c. 3.2 × 2 mm in bud, tubular in basal about 0.8 mm, glabrous; stamens 6, filaments about 1.2 × 0.3 mm, anthers about 1.5 × 0.7 mm; pistillode about 0.3 mm. Pistillate inflorescence up to 2 m long including 26 – 44 cm peduncle and 31 – 48 cm sterile tip; prophyll 21 – 27 × 1.4 – 2.2 cm, similar to staminate prophyll, sometimes subtending primary branch; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts 9 – 30 × 0.6 – 1.6 cm, similar to prophyll; primary branches 4 – 8, to 36 cm long, 11 – 23 cm apart, moderately to strongly recurving, with up to 27 rachillae, bracts on primary branch funnel-shaped; rachillae 3.5 – 15.5 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, sublinear or irregular; rachilla bracts 0.8 – 1.5 × 1 – 2.2 mm, subdistichous, sometimes with scattered indumentum as on sheath; flower clusters sometimes distinctly stalked, stalk 0.3 – 1.5 mm long, proximal floral bracteole about 1.6 × 1.2, distal floral bracteole 1.5 – 1.8 × 1.2 – 2 mm, glabrous, scar from sterile staminate flower about 0.2 mm in diam. Pistillate flowers about 3.7 × 2.2 mm at anthesis; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 2.7 mm, with 3 lobes to about 0.5 × 1 mm, glabrous; corolla about 3 × 1.5 mm, tubular in basal about 2 mm, with 3 lobes to about 1 × 0.7 mm, glabrous; staminodes 6, about 0.8 mm long, staminodal ring about 1 mm high; ovary about 1.5 × 1.2 mm, globose, style about 1 mm long, stigmas about 1 mm long. Sterile staminate flowers not seen. Fruit globose, 9 – 12.8 × 8.5 – 10 mm including beak 1.5 – 2 mm, with 18 – 19 longitudinal rows of white to pale yellow, shallowly channelled scales with entire margins, sometimes with dark tips. Seed (sarcotesta removed) 7 – 7.8 × 7 – 7.8 × 5.6 – 6 mm, globose, with a deep, narrow pit on one side, the surface covered with numerous deep pits and irregular channels; endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal. (W.J. Baker & R.P Bayton & J. Dransfield & R.A Maturbongs, A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. 2003)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
 ==Culture==
 Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
 ==Comments and Curiosities==
-Notes: Solitary robust rattan to 10 m with additional 6 m of bare cane on ground. Stem: diameter with sheaths 7 cm diameter, without sheaths 3 cm, internode 15-20 cm. Sheath: dense with brown/orange, shaggy spines. Leaf: aabout 5-6 cm long including 3m cirrus, petiole absent. Leaflets: about 23 each side of rachis, arranged sub-regularly. Inflorescence: 2 m long, 8 partial inflorescence. Fruit: 1 cm in diameter, white when ripe, endosperm homogenous. Lowland Alluvial forest. (W.J. Baker & R.P Bayton & J. Dransfield & R.A Maturbongs, A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. 2003)/Palmweb.
+Notes: Solitary robust rattan to 10 m with additional 6 m of bare cane on ground. Stem: diameter with sheaths 7 cm diameter, without sheaths 3 cm, internode 15-20 cm. Sheath: dense with brown/orange, shaggy spines. Leaf: about 5-6 cm long including 3 m cirrus, petiole absent. Leaflets: about 23 each side of rachis, arranged sub-regularly. Inflorescence: 2 m long, 8 partial inflorescence. Fruit: 1 cm in diameter, white when ripe, endosperm homogenous. Lowland Alluvial forest. (W.J. Baker & R.P Bayton & J. Dransfield & R.A Maturbongs, A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. 2003)/Palmweb.
 <br style="clear:both;"/>

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __noeditsection__
 {{Palmbox
-|image=
+|image=palm_tc_222904_5.jpg
-|image_caption=
+|image_caption=Near Timika, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 |genus=Calamus (KAL-ah-muhs)
 |species=dasyacanthus <br>(dahs-ee-ah-KAHNT-uhs)
@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ==Habitat and Distribution==
 Known from three localities, two on the south coast of New Guinea and the third on Biak island. Various types of primary and secondary forest vegetations, 30 – 150 m.
-[[]]
+[[File:palm_tc_222904_4z.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]
 ==Description==
 Robust, solitary rattan climbing to 15 m. Stem with sheaths 36 – 45 mm in diam., without sheaths 20 – 23 mm in diam.; internodes 10 – 25 cm. Leaf cirrate, to 5 m long including cirrus and petiole; sheath green, with scattered, thin, caducous indumentum of matted brown fibrous scales, spines numerous, 2.5 – 47 × 1 – 10 mm, orange-brown, planar, parallel-sided, flexible, somewhat papery, apices truncate, apices and margins distinctly lacerate and fimbriate, spine bases slightly swollen adaxially, spines of various sizes, forming partial whorls of few to many spines, sheath mouth densely armed with numerous spines; knee 50 – 70 mm long, 37 – 45 mm wide, moderately to densely armed, colour and indumentum as on sheath; ocrea 8 – 10 mm, forming a low, woody, brown, armed, persistent collar, base of ocrea extending along petiole to an acute angle; flagellum absent; petiole 0 – 30 mm, 16 – 23 mm wide and 8 – 10 mm thick at base, channelled or flat adaxially, rounded abaxially, indumentum as on sheath, with few to many short triangular spines or spines as sheath; rachis 2 – 3 m, with few to many spines as petiole, with grapnel spines abaxially; leaflets 14 – 25 each side of rachis, irregular or arranged in widely spaced pairs, the leaflets in each pair sometimes slightly divergent, broadly lanceolate, cucullate, longest leaflets near middle of leaf, 28.5 – 40 × 4 – 6.8 cm, apical leaflets 20.5 – 29 × 2 – 3 cm, distal leaflets widely spaced, basal leaflets small, leaflet surfaces lightly armed with few bristles 0.8 – 2 mm on adaxial surface of mid-rib and major veins near leaflet base, leaflet margins unarmed or with few bristles 0.3 – 2.6 mm near leaflet apex, transverse veinlets inconspicuous; cirrus 1.5 – 2 m, cirrus grapnel spines arranged regularly. Staminate inflorescence similar to pistillate inflorescence, but branched to 3 orders, up to 1.3 m long including about 27.5 cm peduncle, branched to 3 orders; prophyll about 28 × 1.3 cm, strictly tubular, with 2 conspicuous keels, prophyll mouth entire, with narrow, acute, triangular limb to one side, subtending primary branch (always?), indumentum as on sheath, moderately armed with short spines; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts not seen; primary branches up to about 28 cm long, strongly recurving, bracts on primary and secondary branches funnel-shaped; rachillae about 4.5 – 21 × 1 mm, sublinear, glabrous; rachilla bracts about 0.7 × 1.2 mm, distichous, glabrous; floral bracteole about 0.8 × 1.2 mm. Staminate flowers about 3.6 × 2.2 mm in early bud; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 1.4 mm, with 3 lobes about 0.4 × 1.5 mm, glabrous; corolla c. 3.2 × 2 mm in bud, tubular in basal about 0.8 mm, glabrous; stamens 6, filaments about 1.2 × 0.3 mm, anthers about 1.5 × 0.7 mm; pistillode about 0.3 mm. Pistillate inflorescence up to 2 m long including 26 – 44 cm peduncle and 31 – 48 cm sterile tip; prophyll 21 – 27 × 1.4 – 2.2 cm, similar to staminate prophyll, sometimes subtending primary branch; peduncular bracts absent, rachis bracts 9 – 30 × 0.6 – 1.6 cm, similar to prophyll; primary branches 4 – 8, to 36 cm long, 11 – 23 cm apart, moderately to strongly recurving, with up to 27 rachillae, bracts on primary branch funnel-shaped; rachillae 3.5 – 15.5 × 0.1 – 0.2 cm, sublinear or irregular; rachilla bracts 0.8 – 1.5 × 1 – 2.2 mm, subdistichous, sometimes with scattered indumentum as on sheath; flower clusters sometimes distinctly stalked, stalk 0.3 – 1.5 mm long, proximal floral bracteole about 1.6 × 1.2, distal floral bracteole 1.5 – 1.8 × 1.2 – 2 mm, glabrous, scar from sterile staminate flower about 0.2 mm in diam. Pistillate flowers about 3.7 × 2.2 mm at anthesis; calyx about 2.2 mm in diam., tubular in basal about 2.7 mm, with 3 lobes to about 0.5 × 1 mm, glabrous; corolla about 3 × 1.5 mm, tubular in basal about 2 mm, with 3 lobes to about 1 × 0.7 mm, glabrous; staminodes 6, about 0.8 mm long, staminodal ring about 1 mm high; ovary about 1.5 × 1.2 mm, globose, style about 1 mm long, stigmas about 1 mm long. Sterile staminate flowers not seen. Fruit globose, 9 – 12.8 × 8.5 – 10 mm including beak 1.5 – 2 mm, with 18 – 19 longitudinal rows of white to pale yellow, shallowly channelled scales with entire margins, sometimes with dark tips. Seed (sarcotesta removed) 7 – 7.8 × 7 – 7.8 × 5.6 – 6 mm, globose, with a deep, narrow pit on one side, the surface covered with numerous deep pits and irregular channels; endosperm homogeneous; embryo basal. (W.J. Baker & R.P Bayton & J. Dransfield & R.A Maturbongs, A revision of the Calamus aruensis (Arecaceae) complex in New Guinea and the Pacific. 2003)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 File:palm_tc_222904_5.jpg|Near Timika, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 File:palm_tc_222904_2.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
-File:palm_tc_222904_4.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
+File:palm_tc_222904_4z.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 File:palm_tc_222904_7.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 File:palm_tc_222904_3.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
-File:palm_tc_222904_6.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
+File:palm_tc_222904_6z.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 </gallery></center>

@@ Line 35: / Line 35: @@
 File:palm_tc_222904_1.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 File:palm_tc_222904_5.jpg|Near Timika, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 </gallery></center>
 ==External Links==

@@ Line 33: / Line 33: @@
 {{#Widget:AdResban}}
 <center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="300px" heights="300px" mode="packed">
-Photo by Dr. , Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
+File:palm_tc_222904_1.jpg|Ajkwa River, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 </gallery></center>