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2026-08-18T11:36:52Z
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https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Archontophoenix_maxima
Archontophoenix maxima
2023-02-25T23:23:03Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
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<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Maxima.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Queensland, Austrailia. Photo by Luke Nancarrow.<br />
|genus=Archontophoenix <br>(ahr-kohn-toh-FEH-niks)<br />
|species=<br>maxima (MAHX-ih-mah)<br />
|continent=oceania<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=60 ft/18 m<br />
|trunk_diameter=10 in./25 cm<br />
|sun_exposure=Full sun<br />
|watering=<br />
|hardiness=<br />
|common_names=Walsh River king palm<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
''Archontophoenix maxima'' Occurs in rainforest, gallery forest and wet sclerophyll [[Image:Am000004.jpg|thumb|left|400px]]forest at 800-1200 m altitude, on the Walsh River and its tributaries, western Atherton Tablelands [17° 20'S], and nearby Mt Haig Range in the central Atherton Tableland, Queensland.<br />
==Description==<br />
Palm to 25 m tall, trunk to 30 cm in diameter and expanded at the base. Leaves 3.5 to 4 m long, ascending, held rigid, with a moderate lateral twist. Petiole is very short or absent. Crownshaft is mid-green. Pinnae are moderately grey-scaled below, held rigid with a very prominent midrib. They lack ramenta on the midrib below. The inflorescence is by far the largest of the genus, being up to 1.5 m long, with a thick peduncle to 12 cm wide; it is branched to four orders; branches are held semierect though they become pendulous in fruit. Flowers are white. Staminate flower has 11-16 stamens. Fruit is red at maturity, 13-15 mm long. Fibres in the mesocarp are thin and branched. This is the largest species in the genus. It has a massive inflorescence and ascending, rigid leaves with a short or absent petiole. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
<center>[[file:PFC_for_PP.png|500px|link=http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Archontophoenix_maxima]]</center><br />
Seems it might be hardier than regular king palms. Archontophoenix maxima, in ground, 8 feet tall overall, 12" of clear trunk.<br />
24.1F, no frost, no overhead canopy. 50%-60% leafburn, some of the understory leaves were spared.<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is the largest species in the genus. It has a massive inflorescence and ascending, rigid leaves with a short or absent petiole. Flower characteristics most closely resemble A. alexandrae.<br />
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Image:Archonto maxima Stein.jpg|So. California<br />
image:Archontophoenix maxima NN.jpg|Nong Nooch Tropical Gardens, Thailand.<br />
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image:Archontophoenix_maxima_in_the_wild.jpg|QLD Australia<br />
image:AcIMGP1603.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:Archontophoenix-maxima.jpg<br />
image:Maxima.jpg|Queensland, Austrailia. Photo by Luke Nancarrow.<br />
File:12196268_10153091152932234_4966203686866749824_n.jpg|Clayton, CA. Photo by Ben.<br />
image:Archontophoenix_maxima0.jpg|Photo-Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden.<br />
image:Ampost-42-0-10712700-1386755942.jpg|Cooran, northern end of the Sunshine Coast region, southeast Queensland, Australia. Garden of John and Jeanne Price. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
File:275.JPG.7e18900abe36ec328cef87888a1262b3.JPG|La Habra, CA. Photo by 'DoomsDave'<br />
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==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/images/photo_cd/index.html Click on Arecaceae, for list of photos]<br />
*http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Archontophoenix_maxima.htm<br />
*[http://118.97.161.124/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdfAustralian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
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Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
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{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:ARCHONTOPHOENIX|maxima]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
2023-02-25T23:21:48Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
|genus=Archontophoenix <br>(ahr-kohn-toh-FEH-niks)<br />
|species=cunninghamiana <br>(kuhn-ning-ham'-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|synonyms=None<br />
|continent= oceania<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=60ft/20m<br />
|trunk_diameter=10 in/25 cm<br />
|sun_exposure=Full sun<br />
|watering=<br />
|ssi=3B<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Bangalow palm, Piccabeen palm.<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and distribution==<br />
The Bangalow palm from Australia is mostly found in tropical to subtropical areas. [[Image:Ac0021.jpg|thumb|left|500px]]It is popular as an ornamental palm for its evergreen foliage and bright red fruit. <br />
==Description==<br />
The Bangalow palm is a large-sized palm generally reaching 20-25 meters in height. It small red fruit is inedible. Propagation is by seed.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Tropical in nature, the Bangalow palm comes from warm humid forests. Due to this, it can not tolerate heavy frost. On the other hand, and unfortunately, the Bangalow palm has become a noxious weed in many areas where it has been used as an ornamental palm. In Southern Brazil, it has become an invasive species, profiting from the local extinction of the endangered native palm [[Euterpe edulis]]. In New Zealand, there is concern that A. cunninghamiana could invade native forests, since it has the same ecological requirements as the native [[Rhopalostylis sapida|nikau palm]]. The Auckland Regional Council has included A. cunninghamiana on a list of plants requiring further research on their potential to adversely affect the environment.<br />
<center>[[file:PFC_for_PP.png|500px|link=http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana]]</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The name bangalow is aboriginal for "water carrying basket". The crownshaft can be fashioned, with a few deft folds and tucks, into a watertight vessel, the petiole used as the handle. (Image below).<br />
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Image:P3240026.JPG|Habitat in Australia.<br />
image:Kings_Virginia_Robinson_Garden.jpg|Tall Bangalow palms.<br />
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File:A cunnin resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
File:A cunning Resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
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image:Ac0031.jpg|Leaning palm syndrome.<br />
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File:post-51-0-36985800-1428315210.jpg|At Daryl O'Connors, Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland Australia. With 'mealy bug' markings. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana.jpg|A. cunninghamiana in natural habitat (Mt Tambourine, SE Queensland). Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana1.jpg|Bangalow in natural habitat. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana2-01.jpg|Forest of Bangalows at Mt. Mee, south-east Queensland. Photo by Michael Gray.<br />
image:AcIMGP1598.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1601.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1695.jpg|Photos from an outing today with (from left to right) Demi and Shakira (Pete's two daughters) and Laila (Petes lovely Au Pair), to see Bangalows and Waterfalls, in a tiny section of Nightcap National Park, which is very close to where Pete lives, Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1700.jpg|Demi and Shakira, with Laila, next to a Bangalow with ariel roots, Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1705.jpg|Demi Pete's daughter, and Laila, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1714.jpg|Laila with Demi, Pete's daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1702.jpg|Shakira, Laila and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1699.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1717.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1706.jpg|Shakira Pete's youngest daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
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image:AcDSC_3791.jpg|Wal in foreground. Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor. <br />
image:AcDSC_3816.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3826.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3569.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSCN5315.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5317.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5326.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5332.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
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File:post-51-0-76746600-1428315637.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-15630700-1428315621.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38264100-1428315650.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
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image:LaDSCN5861_(800x600).jpg|Archontophoenix cunninghamiana on left. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5899_(800x600).jpg|Wal giving scale. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5909_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:AcDSCN5910_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5911_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5931_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66653100-1398838962.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-22373300-1398838976.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-47869900-1398838987.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38596100-1398838996.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:[[File:post-51-0-51939300-1398841926.jpg|400px]]|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43699300-1398842333.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-19167100-1398842195.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43643300-1398842483.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-27156600-1398842495.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-58977700-1398842590.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-18900900-1398842615.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80110600-1398842637.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37798700-1398842728.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-88556200-1398842743.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-04086300-1398842827.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-66648800-1398842852.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16239600-1398842872.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37287800-1398842947.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-53975600-1398843036.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-68690800-1398843054.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38271300-1398843079.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-94136800-1398843098.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-20390800-1398843209.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-33127500-1398843326.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-12830400-1398843239.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80042000-1398843261.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-17725100-1398843283.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-30414900-1398843497.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-61044200-1398843477.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16243600-1398843459.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66195900-1398843571.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-74954500-1398843594.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-08457400-1398843616.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38993800-1429865255.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Some bangas with tree ferns for company. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-09458400-1429865265.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61702300-1429865270.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61127200-1429865277.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Growing at the base of a very large and old Moreton Bay Fig. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19388200-1429866250.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-58712600-1429866256.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-41192300-1429866268.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-91454200-1429866274.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-20377400-1429866610.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Wal giving scale. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19035500-1429866617.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
image:Post-42-0-12070500-1390221524.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-25999000-1390219729.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-59337800-1390221538.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-70354700-1390219753.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-74816400-1390219808.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-43107000-1390223745.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-53233700-1390223711.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-05947000-1390223687.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
File:5bc664de6f189_ArchontophoenixcunninghamianaIMG_8295.jpg|Photo by Research Work Editor Pal Meir. <br />
image:AcIMGP1697.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1722.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1727.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1728.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1735.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:Eb7ae0.jpg<br />
image:P1011079.jpg<br />
image:Kahuroa1_seeds.jpg<br />
image:Kahuroa2_tree.jpg<br />
image:P1011080.jpg<br />
image:Archontophoenix011.jpg|San Diego, cultivated at Sea World.<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.junglemusic.net/King_Palm.html<br />
*http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/palms/palm-id/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/images/photo_cd/index.html Click on Arecaceae, for list of photos]<br />
*http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://118.97.161.124/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdf Australian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:ARCHONTOPHOENIX|cunninghamiana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
2023-02-25T12:09:42Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
|genus=Archontophoenix <br>(ahr-kohn-toh-FEH-niks)<br />
|species=cunninghamiana <br>(kuhn-ning-ham'-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|synonyms=None<br />
|continent= oceania<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=60ft/20m<br />
|trunk_diameter=10 in/25 cm<br />
|sun_exposure=Full sun<br />
|watering=<br />
|ssi=3B<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Bangalow palm, Piccabeen palm.<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and distribution==<br />
The Bangalow palm from Australia is mostly found in tropical to subtropical areas. [[Image:Ac0021.jpg|thumb|left|500px]]It is popular as an ornamental palm for its evergreen foliage and bright red fruit. <br />
==Description==<br />
The Bangalow palm is a large-sized palm generally reaching 20-25 meters in height. It small red fruit is inedible. Propagation is by seed.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Tropical in nature, the Bangalow palm comes from warm humid forests. Due to this, it can not tolerate heavy frost. On the other hand, and unfortunately, the Bangalow palm has become a noxious weed in many areas where it has been used as an ornamental palm. In Southern Brazil, it has become an invasive species, profiting from the local extinction of the endangered native palm [[Euterpe edulis]]. In New Zealand, there is concern that A. cunninghamiana could invade native forests, since it has the same ecological requirements as the native [[Rhopalostylis sapida|nikau palm]]. The Auckland Regional Council has included A. cunninghamiana on a list of plants requiring further research on their potential to adversely affect the environment.<br />
<center>[[file:PFC_for_PP.png|500px|link=http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana]]</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The name bangalow is aboriginal for "water carrying basket". The crownshaft can be fashioned, with a few deft folds and tucks, into a watertight vessel, the petiole used as the handle. (Image below).<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:P3240026.JPG|Habitat in Australia.<br />
image:Kings_Virginia_Robinson_Garden.jpg|Tall Bangalow palms.<br />
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File:A cunnin resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
File:A cunning Resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
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image:Ac0031.jpg|Leaning palm syndrome.<br />
image:Ac0032.jpg<br />
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image:Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana1_cultz.jpg<br />
image:Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana4_cultz.jpg<br />
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File:post-51-0-36985800-1428315210.jpg|At Daryl O'Connors, Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland Australia. With 'mealy bug' markings. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana.jpg|A. cunninghamiana in natural habitat (Mt Tambourine, SE Queensland). Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana1.jpg|Bangalow in natural habitat. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana2-01.jpg|Forest of Bangalows at Mt. Mee, south-east Queensland. Photo by Michael Gray.<br />
image:AcIMGP1598.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1601.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1603.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1695.jpg|Photos from an outing today with (from left to right) Demi and Shakira (Pete's two daughters) and Laila (Petes lovely Au Pair), to see Bangalows and Waterfalls, in a tiny section of Nightcap National Park, which is very close to where Pete lives, Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1700.jpg|Demi and Shakira, with Laila, next to a Bangalow with ariel roots, Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1705.jpg|Demi Pete's daughter, and Laila, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1714.jpg|Laila with Demi, Pete's daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1702.jpg|Shakira, Laila and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1699.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1717.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1706.jpg|Shakira Pete's youngest daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
<br />
image:AcDSC_3791.jpg|Wal in foreground. Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor. <br />
image:AcDSC_3816.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3826.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3569.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSCN5315.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5317.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5326.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5332.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
File:post-51-0-76746600-1428315637.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-15630700-1428315621.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38264100-1428315650.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
<br />
image:LaDSCN5861_(800x600).jpg|Archontophoenix cunninghamiana on left. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5899_(800x600).jpg|Wal giving scale. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5909_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:AcDSCN5910_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5911_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5931_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66653100-1398838962.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-22373300-1398838976.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-47869900-1398838987.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38596100-1398838996.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:[[File:post-51-0-51939300-1398841926.jpg|400px]]|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43699300-1398842333.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-19167100-1398842195.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43643300-1398842483.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-27156600-1398842495.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-58977700-1398842590.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-18900900-1398842615.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80110600-1398842637.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37798700-1398842728.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-88556200-1398842743.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-04086300-1398842827.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-66648800-1398842852.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16239600-1398842872.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37287800-1398842947.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-53975600-1398843036.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-68690800-1398843054.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38271300-1398843079.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-94136800-1398843098.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-20390800-1398843209.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-33127500-1398843326.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-12830400-1398843239.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80042000-1398843261.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-17725100-1398843283.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-30414900-1398843497.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-61044200-1398843477.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16243600-1398843459.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66195900-1398843571.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-74954500-1398843594.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-08457400-1398843616.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38993800-1429865255.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Some bangas with tree ferns for company. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-09458400-1429865265.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61702300-1429865270.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61127200-1429865277.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Growing at the base of a very large and old Moreton Bay Fig. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19388200-1429866250.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-58712600-1429866256.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-41192300-1429866268.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-91454200-1429866274.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-20377400-1429866610.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Wal giving scale. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19035500-1429866617.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
image:Post-42-0-12070500-1390221524.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-25999000-1390219729.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-59337800-1390221538.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-70354700-1390219753.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-74816400-1390219808.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-43107000-1390223745.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-53233700-1390223711.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-05947000-1390223687.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
File:5bc664de6f189_ArchontophoenixcunninghamianaIMG_8295.jpg|Photo by Research Work Editor Pal Meir. <br />
image:AcIMGP1697.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1722.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1727.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1728.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1735.jpg|Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:Eb7ae0.jpg<br />
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image:Kahuroa1_seeds.jpg<br />
image:Kahuroa2_tree.jpg<br />
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image:Archontophoenix011.jpg|San Diego, cultivated at Sea World.<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.junglemusic.net/King_Palm.html<br />
*http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/palms/palm-id/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/images/photo_cd/index.html Click on Arecaceae, for list of photos]<br />
*http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://118.97.161.124/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdf Australian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:ARCHONTOPHOENIX|cunninghamiana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana
Archontophoenix cunninghamiana
2023-02-25T12:07:40Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
|genus=Archontophoenix <br>(ahr-kohn-toh-FEH-niks)<br />
|species=cunninghamiana <br>(kuhn-ning-ham'-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|synonyms=None<br />
|continent= oceania<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=60ft/20m<br />
|trunk_diameter=10 in/25 cm<br />
|sun_exposure=Full sun<br />
|watering=<br />
|ssi=3B<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Bangalow palm, Piccabeen palm.<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and distribution==<br />
The Bangalow palm from Australia is mostly found in tropical to subtropical areas. [[Image:Ac0021.jpg|thumb|left|500px]]It is popular as an ornamental palm for its evergreen foliage and bright red fruit. <br />
==Description==<br />
The Bangalow palm is a large-sized palm generally reaching 20-25 meters in height. It small red fruit is inedible. Propagation is by seed.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Tropical in nature, the Bangalow palm comes from warm humid forests. Due to this, it can not tolerate heavy frost. On the other hand, and unfortunately, the Bangalow palm has become a noxious weed in many areas where it has been used as an ornamental palm. In Southern Brazil, it has become an invasive species, profiting from the local extinction of the endangered native palm [[Euterpe edulis]]. In New Zealand, there is concern that A. cunninghamiana could invade native forests, since it has the same ecological requirements as the native [[Rhopalostylis sapida|nikau palm]]. The Auckland Regional Council has included A. cunninghamiana on a list of plants requiring further research on their potential to adversely affect the environment.<br />
<center>[[file:PFC_for_PP.png|500px|link=http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana]]</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The name bangalow is aboriginal for "water carrying basket". The crownshaft can be fashioned, with a few deft folds and tucks, into a watertight vessel, the petiole used as the handle. (Image below).<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:P3240026.JPG|Habitat in Australia.<br />
image:Kings_Virginia_Robinson_Garden.jpg|Tall Bangalow palms.<br />
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File:A cunnin resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
File:A cunning Resistencia Argentina.JPG|Resistencia Argentina. Photo by Jose A. Gassia.<br />
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image:Ac0031.jpg|Leaning palm syndrome.<br />
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image:Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana1_cultz.jpg<br />
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File:post-51-0-36985800-1428315210.jpg|At Daryl O'Connors, Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland Australia. With 'mealy bug' markings. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana.jpg|A. cunninghamiana in natural habitat (Mt Tambourine, SE Queensland). Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana1.jpg|Bangalow in natural habitat. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Cunninghamiana2-01.jpg|Forest of Bangalows at Mt. Mee, south-east Queensland. Photo by Michael Gray.<br />
image:AcIMGP1598.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1601.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1603.jpg|Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1695.jpg|Photos from an outing today with (from left to right) Demi and Shakira (Pete's two daughters) and Laila (Petes lovely Au Pair), to see Bangalows and Waterfalls, in a tiny section of Nightcap National Park, which is very close to where Pete lives, Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1700.jpg|Demi and Shakira, with Laila, next to a Bangalow with ariel roots, Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1705.jpg|Demi Pete's daughter, and Laila, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1714.jpg|Laila with Demi, Pete's daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1702.jpg|Shakira, Laila and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1699.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1717.jpg|Shakira and Demi, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
image:AcIMGP1706.jpg|Shakira Pete's youngest daughter, At Nightcap National Park, Near Mt Warning Caldera Nth NSW Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
<br />
image:AcDSC_3791.jpg|Wal in foreground. Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor. <br />
image:AcDSC_3816.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3826.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSC_3569.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Dayrl O'Connor.<br />
image:AcDSCN5315.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5317.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5326.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5332.jpg|Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). The Springbrook Plateau sits at about 1000m elevation. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
File:post-51-0-76746600-1428315637.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-15630700-1428315621.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38264100-1428315650.jpg|Purling Brook Falls, Springbrook National Park, 30 minutes from the beaches of the Gold Coast (Australia). 2015. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
<br />
image:LaDSCN5861_(800x600).jpg|Archontophoenix cunninghamiana on left. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5899_(800x600).jpg|Wal giving scale. "Growing along the Steve Irwin way up from where I live. These are in natural habitat areas of Beerwah State Forest." (Wal). Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5909_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:AcDSCN5910_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5911_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:AcDSCN5931_(800x600).jpg|Beerwah State Forest, Sunshine Coast, Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66653100-1398838962.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-22373300-1398838976.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-47869900-1398838987.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38596100-1398838996.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:[[File:post-51-0-51939300-1398841926.jpg|400px]]|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43699300-1398842333.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-19167100-1398842195.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. About 15-20% of the palms though are under constant decimation from a colony of flying foxes (Pteropus poliocephalus). These bats first damage the crowns then with their ever present guano droppings, seem to be over mineralising the palms themselves until they start folding over. This is my theory only and is ready for a better scientific explanantion. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-43643300-1398842483.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-27156600-1398842495.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-58977700-1398842590.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-18900900-1398842615.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80110600-1398842637.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37798700-1398842728.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-88556200-1398842743.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-04086300-1398842827.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Walter John Donovan.<br />
image:post-51-0-66648800-1398842852.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16239600-1398842872.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-37287800-1398842947.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-53975600-1398843036.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-68690800-1398843054.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-38271300-1398843079.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-94136800-1398843098.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-20390800-1398843209.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-33127500-1398843326.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-12830400-1398843239.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-80042000-1398843261.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-17725100-1398843283.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-30414900-1398843497.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-61044200-1398843477.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-16243600-1398843459.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Look at this one growing after a fall of some sort. Photographed in three sections. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-66195900-1398843571.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-74954500-1398843594.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:post-51-0-08457400-1398843616.jpg|The Palms National Park - Cooyar. Situated about 7 kilometres from the township of Cooyar, a town about 1.5 hr drive north of Toowoomba. Moving about 50 metres east and they are nowhere to be seen and the palms are looking terrific. Magical..It was around this spot that I began noticing spring waters emerging from the hillside, so that is their secret. Finally a look at some juveniles. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-38993800-1429865255.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Some bangas with tree ferns for company. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-09458400-1429865265.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61702300-1429865270.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-61127200-1429865277.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Growing at the base of a very large and old Moreton Bay Fig. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19388200-1429866250.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-58712600-1429866256.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-41192300-1429866268.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-91454200-1429866274.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-20377400-1429866610.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Wal giving scale. Photo by Wal.<br />
File:post-51-0-19035500-1429866617.jpg|Return to Cooyar - Secret Bangalow Forests. About 7 klicks nth of the Northern Darling Downs town of Cooyar, is Palms National Park. This park is home to an extraordinary stand of palm trees and other magical rainforest plants like fig trees, fabulous gum trees and other plants not normally seen in this climate. The reason is this, a never ending supply of underground natural spring water and a hillside locking in a micro climate that suits the ubiquitous bangalow or piccabeen palm. Photo by Wal.<br />
<br />
image:Post-42-0-12070500-1390221524.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-25999000-1390219729.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-59337800-1390221538.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-70354700-1390219753.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-74816400-1390219808.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-91557700-1390221552.jpg|Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-43107000-1390223745.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-53233700-1390223711.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
image:Post-42-0-05947000-1390223687.jpg|var. 'Shuttlecock' Above the town of Urbenville, NSW, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
File:5bc664de6f189_ArchontophoenixcunninghamianaIMG_8295.jpg|Photo by Research Work Editor Pal Meir. <br />
<br />
image:Eb7ae0.jpg<br />
image:P1011079.jpg<br />
image:Kahuroa1_seeds.jpg<br />
image:Kahuroa2_tree.jpg<br />
image:P1011080.jpg<br />
image:Archontophoenix011.jpg|San Diego, cultivated at Sea World.<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.junglemusic.net/King_Palm.html<br />
*http://itp.lucidcentral.org/id/palms/palm-id/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/images/photo_cd/index.html Click on Arecaceae, for list of photos]<br />
*http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Archontophoenix_cunninghamiana.htm<br />
*[http://118.97.161.124/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdf Australian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:ARCHONTOPHOENIX|cunninghamiana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Hemithrinax_ekmaniana
Hemithrinax ekmaniana
2023-02-21T14:52:00Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=File11.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
|genus=Hemithrinax <br>(heh-mee-TRIH-nahks)<br />
|species=<br>ekmaniana (ehk-MAHN-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=Hemithrinax ekmaniana<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Palmate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Trinac, Jumagua Palm, (Cuba).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Open forest, Cuba. An endemic palm of Mogotes de Jumagua in northern Cuba. This absolutely unique little treasure, survives only on three of the small mogotes, where it was rediscovered in 1978 by a Group of paleontologists and naturalists, looking for fossils in the caverns, and cataloging the fauna and flora of these small mountains (Sabaneque Speleological Group). A small number of less than 100 specimens, cling to the steep Limestone cliffs.<br />
==Description==<br />
A medium sized solitary, palmate fan palm, with very tightly grouped leaves, the crown grows into a spiny giant ball. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, moist, but well drained position.<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
A seed collection picked in 1996 by specialists of Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, resulted in various plants now growing in a handful of Botanical Gardens; specimens can be found growing at the Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Palmetum de Santa Cruz in the Canary Islands, Orto botanico di Messina in Italy, Jardín Botánico de Las Tunas, in Cuba, and most recently in Nancy Botanic Gardens (France), where its is reported that 2 plants are gowing well.<br />
<br />
Until 2007 no commercial distribution of this plant was ever made, as in 2007 for the first time, seeds collected in the wild entered in the commercial seed trade, and reached many growers in various areas of the world. Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Jumagua Palm: Probably one of the rarest palms on the planet, this absolutely unique little treasure survives only on three small mogotes, (heavily eroded karst limestone hills) in northern Cuba, where a small number of individuals cling to the steep cliffs, battered by high winds, and rooting in the porous rock with almost no humus. The Jumagua Palm grows a slender trunk to only 5 cm. (2 in.) in diameter which holds a perfectly spherical and very dense crown of stiff, spiky leaves that have almost no stalks, and therefore sit very close together. While it grows rather slow, requiring about 6 years until it starts forming a trunk, it is definitely well worth the wait for this outstanding miniature palm. It will do well in tropical and a number of warm temperate climates, given a position in full sun, and a very well drained soil. It can also take considerable coastal exposure. With the exception of a handful of plants in botanical collections, this species has not yet been introduced into cultivation. (Rare Palm Seeds.com)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:File11.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File7.jpg||Ripe Fruit. Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File5.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File21.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File25.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File15.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File18.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File19.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File1.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File2.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File24.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File4.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File6.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File22.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File9.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File10.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File3.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File12.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File14.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File16.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File7.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File20.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:ThrEkman.jpg|Florida, Photo - Bob Johnson.<br />
image:Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Tekmaniana2paulcraftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:-gallery-members-Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craft2z.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Thrinax_ekmanianacarlomoriciz.jpg|Large adult plant growing on a steep slope. Photo taken in habitat in Cuba, October, 1996; Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
image:Thrinax-ekmanianaLindaAprilettiz.jpg|Picture painted by Linda Apriletti.<br />
image:4549974381_b169a8e409_o.jpg<br />
image:Hemithrinax_ekmaniana00.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL.<br />
image:$(KGrHqEOKogE1z5-hlzqBNl9S1n)b!~~_3z.jpg<br />
image:19955173z.jpg<br />
image:4794384155_0230f87b0f_zz.jpg<br />
image:6251638846_7d30926248_oscottzona.jpg|Photo by Scott Zona.<br />
image:P-019955221z.jpg<br />
image:Tt-palmita_de_jumagua3z.jpg<br />
File:post-143-0-19811000-1433336694.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:post-143-0-32767000-1433503716.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:heIMG_5435.JPG.5f25a5a66fca1de42db5641d13169070.JPG|Fallbrook, CA. Photo by Jason Dunn.<br />
image:ThrEkmz.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palms.org/principes/1998/vol42n3p156-159.pdf<br />
*http://sabaneque.tripod.com/palmita.html<br />
*http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/virtualtours/cuba/vpe_palmsofcuba1.htm<br />
*http://perfildaplanta.blogspot.com/2010/07/roystoneas-confusoes-imperiais-parte-ii.html<br />
*http://www.learnedgardener.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Lewis__Zona_2008_Leucothrinax.92103311.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Cuba]]<br />
[[Category:HEMITHRINAX|ekmaniana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Hemithrinax_ekmaniana
Hemithrinax ekmaniana
2023-02-21T14:50:11Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><br />
__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=File11.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
|genus=Hemithrinax <br>(heh-mee-TRIH-nahks)<br />
|species=<br>ekmaniana (ehk-MAHN-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=Hemithrinax ekmaniana<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Palmate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Trinac, Jumagua Palm, (Cuba).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Open forest, Cuba. An endemic palm of Mogotes de Jumagua in northern Cuba. This absolutely unique little treasure, survives only on three of the small mogotes, where it was rediscovered in 1978 by a Group of paleontologists and naturalists, looking for fossils in the caverns, and cataloging the fauna and flora of these small mountains (Sabaneque Speleological Group). A small number of less than 100 specimens, cling to the steep Limestone cliffs.<br />
==Description==<br />
A medium sized solitary, palmate fan palm, with very tightly grouped leaves, the crown grows into a spiny giant ball. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, moist, but well drained position.<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
A seed collection picked in 1996 by specialists of Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, resulted in various plants now growing in a handful of Botanical Gardens; specimens can be found growing at the Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Palmetum de Santa Cruz in the Canary Islands, Orto botanico di Messina in Italy, Jardín Botánico de Las Tunas, in Cuba, and most recently in Nancy Botanic Gardens (France), where its is reported that 2 plants are gowing well.<br />
<br />
Until 2007 no commercial distribution of this plant was ever made, as in 2007 for the first time, seeds collected in the wild entered in the commercial seed trade, and reached many growers in various areas of the world.<br />
[[Image:File7.jpg|thumb|left|600px|Ripe Fruit. Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.]]Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Jumagua Palm: Probably one of the rarest palms on the planet, this absolutely unique little treasure survives only on three small mogotes, (heavily eroded karst limestone hills) in northern Cuba, where a small number of individuals cling to the steep cliffs, battered by high winds, and rooting in the porous rock with almost no humus. The Jumagua Palm grows a slender trunk to only 5 cm. (2 in.) in diameter which holds a perfectly spherical and very dense crown of stiff, spiky leaves that have almost no stalks, and therefore sit very close together. While it grows rather slow, requiring about 6 years until it starts forming a trunk, it is definitely well worth the wait for this outstanding miniature palm. It will do well in tropical and a number of warm temperate climates, given a position in full sun, and a very well drained soil. It can also take considerable coastal exposure. With the exception of a handful of plants in botanical collections, this species has not yet been introduced into cultivation. (Rare Palm Seeds.com)<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:File11.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File5.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File21.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File25.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File15.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File18.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File19.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File1.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File2.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File24.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File4.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File6.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File22.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File9.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File10.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File3.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File12.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File14.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File16.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File7.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File20.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:ThrEkman.jpg|Florida, Photo - Bob Johnson.<br />
image:Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Tekmaniana2paulcraftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:-gallery-members-Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craft2z.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Thrinax_ekmanianacarlomoriciz.jpg|Large adult plant growing on a steep slope. Photo taken in habitat in Cuba, October, 1996; Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
image:Thrinax-ekmanianaLindaAprilettiz.jpg|Picture painted by Linda Apriletti.<br />
image:4549974381_b169a8e409_o.jpg<br />
image:Hemithrinax_ekmaniana00.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL.<br />
image:$(KGrHqEOKogE1z5-hlzqBNl9S1n)b!~~_3z.jpg<br />
image:19955173z.jpg<br />
image:4794384155_0230f87b0f_zz.jpg<br />
image:6251638846_7d30926248_oscottzona.jpg|Photo by Scott Zona.<br />
image:P-019955221z.jpg<br />
image:Tt-palmita_de_jumagua3z.jpg<br />
File:post-143-0-19811000-1433336694.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:post-143-0-32767000-1433503716.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:heIMG_5435.JPG.5f25a5a66fca1de42db5641d13169070.JPG|Fallbrook, CA. Photo by Jason Dunn.<br />
image:ThrEkmz.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palms.org/principes/1998/vol42n3p156-159.pdf<br />
*http://sabaneque.tripod.com/palmita.html<br />
*http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/virtualtours/cuba/vpe_palmsofcuba1.htm<br />
*http://perfildaplanta.blogspot.com/2010/07/roystoneas-confusoes-imperiais-parte-ii.html<br />
*http://www.learnedgardener.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Lewis__Zona_2008_Leucothrinax.92103311.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Cuba]]<br />
[[Category:HEMITHRINAX|ekmaniana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Hemithrinax_ekmaniana
Hemithrinax ekmaniana
2023-02-21T14:28:58Z
<p>Joaocosta: Nancy Botanic Gardens Introduction</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=File11.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
|genus=Hemithrinax <br>(heh-mee-TRIH-nahks)<br />
|species=<br>ekmaniana (ehk-MAHN-ee-ahn-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=Hemithrinax ekmaniana<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Palmate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Trinac, Jumagua Palm, (Cuba).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Open forest, Cuba. An endemic palm of Mogotes de Jumagua in northern Cuba. [[Image:File7.jpg|thumb|left|500px|Ripe Fruit. Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.]]This absolutely unique little treasure, survives only on three of the small mogotes, where it was rediscovered in 1978 by a Group of paleontologists and naturalists, looking for fossils in the caverns, and cataloging the fauna and flora of these small mountains (Sabaneque Speleological Group). A small number of less than 100 specimens, cling to the steep Limestone cliffs.<br />
==Description==<br />
A medium sized solitary, palmate fan palm, with very tightly grouped leaves, the crown grows into a spiny giant ball. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, moist, but well drained position.<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
A seed collection picked in 1996 by specialists of Palmetum of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, resulted in various plants now growing in a handful of Botanical Gardens; specimens can be found growing at the Montgomery Botanical Center in Miami, Palmetum de Santa Cruz in the Canary Islands, Orto botanico di Messina in Italy, Jardín Botánico de Las Tunas, in Cuba, and most recently in Nancy Botanic Gardens (France), where its is reported that 2 plants are gowing well.<br />
<br />
Until 2007 no commercial distribution of this plant was ever made, as in 2007 for the first time, seeds collected in the wild entered in the commercial seed trade, and reached many growers in various areas of the world.<br />
<br />
Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Jumagua Palm: Probably one of the rarest palms on the planet, this absolutely unique little treasure survives only on three small mogotes, (heavily eroded karst limestone hills) in northern Cuba, where a small number of individuals cling to the steep cliffs, battered by high winds, and rooting in the porous rock with almost no humus. The Jumagua Palm grows a slender trunk to only 5 cm. (2 in.) in diameter which holds a perfectly spherical and very dense crown of stiff, spiky leaves that have almost no stalks, and therefore sit very close together. While it grows rather slow, requiring about 6 years until it starts forming a trunk, it is definitely well worth the wait for this outstanding miniature palm. It will do well in tropical and a number of warm temperate climates, given a position in full sun, and a very well drained soil. It can also take considerable coastal exposure. With the exception of a handful of plants in botanical collections, this species has not yet been introduced into cultivation. (Rare Palm Seeds.com)<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:File11.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File5.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File21.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File25.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File15.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File18.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File19.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File1.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File2.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File24.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File4.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File6.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File22.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File9.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File10.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File3.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File12.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File13.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File14.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File16.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File17.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File7.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:File20.jpg|Hemithrinax ekmaniana, Mogotes de Jumagua, Villa Clara, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez.<br />
Image:ThrEkman.jpg|Florida, Photo - Bob Johnson.<br />
image:Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Tekmaniana2paulcraftz.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:-gallery-members-Hemihrinax_ekmaniana_craft2z.jpg|Cuba. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:Thrinax_ekmanianacarlomoriciz.jpg|Large adult plant growing on a steep slope. Photo taken in habitat in Cuba, October, 1996; Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
image:Thrinax-ekmanianaLindaAprilettiz.jpg|Picture painted by Linda Apriletti.<br />
image:4549974381_b169a8e409_o.jpg<br />
image:Hemithrinax_ekmaniana00.jpg|Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL.<br />
image:$(KGrHqEOKogE1z5-hlzqBNl9S1n)b!~~_3z.jpg<br />
image:19955173z.jpg<br />
image:4794384155_0230f87b0f_zz.jpg<br />
image:6251638846_7d30926248_oscottzona.jpg|Photo by Scott Zona.<br />
image:P-019955221z.jpg<br />
image:Tt-palmita_de_jumagua3z.jpg<br />
File:post-143-0-19811000-1433336694.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:post-143-0-32767000-1433503716.jpg|Tenerife, Canarias. 15 years in ground. Photo by Carlo Morici.<br />
File:heIMG_5435.JPG.5f25a5a66fca1de42db5641d13169070.JPG|Fallbrook, CA. Photo by Jason Dunn.<br />
image:ThrEkmz.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palms.org/principes/1998/vol42n3p156-159.pdf<br />
*http://sabaneque.tripod.com/palmita.html<br />
*http://www.plantapalm.com/vpe/virtualtours/cuba/vpe_palmsofcuba1.htm<br />
*http://perfildaplanta.blogspot.com/2010/07/roystoneas-confusoes-imperiais-parte-ii.html<br />
*http://www.learnedgardener.com/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Lewis__Zona_2008_Leucothrinax.92103311.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Cuba]]<br />
[[Category:HEMITHRINAX|ekmaniana]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/CROTON_ONLINE_REFERENCE
CROTON ONLINE REFERENCE
2023-02-21T10:44:44Z
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<font size="4">Crotons are one of the most magical plants the plant kingdom has to offer. The diversity of color, pattern, and leaf shapes are what makes these plants so attractive to gardeners and collectors alike.</font><br />
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Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/CROTON_ONLINE_REFERENCE
CROTON ONLINE REFERENCE
2023-02-21T10:44:09Z
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Image:Fathers Day1_searle.jpg|Picture taken by Jeff Seale, Searle Brothers Nursery, FL.<br />
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CROTON ONLINE REFERENCE
2023-02-21T10:41:46Z
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<font size="4">Crotons are one of the most magical plants the plant kingdom has to offer. The diversity of color, pattern, and leaf shapes are what makes these plants so attractive to gardeners and collectors alike.</font><br />
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Image:Fathers Day1_searle.jpg|Picture taken by Jeff Seale, Searle Brothers Nursery, FL.<br />
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Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Livistona_victoriae
Livistona victoriae
2023-02-16T11:11:15Z
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{{Palmbox<br />
|image=LvP070276.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.<br />
|genus=Livistona (liv-iss-TOH-nah)<br />
|species=<br>victoriae (vik-tohr'-ee-eh)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=oceania<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Palmate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Victoria River Fan Palm.<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Australia. Northern Territory and Western Australia. [[File:P070275.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.]]In the region between the Victoria R. basin and Bungle Bungle Range. Grows in open forest in sandstone gorges, in escarpment gullies and cliff bases and along streams and intermittent watercourses, 50- 320 m alt.<br />
==Description==<br />
Functionally [[dioecious]] palm. Trunk to 17 m tall, 15-30 cm in diameter breast high, leaf scars narrow, internodes narrow, grey, petiole stubs not persistent. Leaves 25-40 in a globose crown; petiole arching, 80-200 cm long, pruinose, adaxially flat, margins with single, curved, blunt, black thorns, confined to the proximal portion; leaf-base fibres moderately prominent, fine, persistent; lamina costapalmate, regularly segmented, subcircular, 80-100 cm long, coriaceous, adaxially grey green or bluish green, strongly pruinose, dull, abaxially similar; lamina divided for 55-65% of its length, with 40-56 segments, depth of apical cleft 55-70% of the segment length, apical lobes attenuate, rigid; parallel veins 9-11 each side of midrib; transverse veins thinner than parallel veins. Inflorescences unbranched at the base, not sexually dimorphic, 50-150 cm long, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, branched to 4 orders; partial inflorescences 5-9; prophyll not seen; peduncular bract 1; rachis bracts loosely sheathing, fibrous with age, densely tomentose; rachillae 1-3 cm long, glabrous. Flowers solitary or paired, funnel shaped, 2-4 mm long, cream to pale yellow; sepals triangular, 0.7-0.8 mm long, membranous, acute; petals narrowly ovate, 1.2-1.5 mm long, acute; stamens about 0.9 mm long. Fruit globose to ellipsoid, 8-15 mm long, about 10 mm in diam., dull dark reddish brown to black; epicarp smooth; suture line extends for most of the length of the fruit; mesocarp thin, fibrous; endocarp thin, brittle; pedicel 0.5-1 mm long. Seed globose, about 9 mm wide. Eophyll 3-ribbed. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
Livistona victoriae was described by Rodd (1998) based on a collection from Victoria River Crossing, Rodd 2934, and named with references to the species occurring in the vicinity of the Victoria River and also to complete the trio of names of L. alfredii and L. mariae, species named for Queen Victoria's son and daughter-in-law respectively. Previously the palm had informally been known as "Livistona sp. Victoria River" (Jones, 1996). Livistona victoriae is a moderate canopy palm to 17 m tall; leaves are moderate and regularly segmented; segment apices are rigid, and with a bifurcate cleft to 70% of the segment length; the inflorescence is unbranched, not extending beyond the limit of the crown, and with up to nine partial inflorescences; bracts are loosely sheathing; flowers are cream to pale yellow; fruit are globose to ellipsoid, to 15 mm long to 10 mm wide, and dull dark reddish brown to black at maturity. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.<br />
{{read more bottom}}<br />
==Culture==<br />
Likes it very hot, and not very humid, but with ample water. Cold Hardiness zone: 9b<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Livistona_victoriae]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Phenology: Flowers Mar-Dec; fruits Dec-July.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Lower risk, conservation dependent. (Dowe, J.L.)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
"This is one of the more fastidious of the Livistona species, growing quite slowly and requiring full sun and heat for survival. It also is one of the more drought tolerant species, but grows better if given some water regularly, especially when small. It seems fairly cold sensitive and struggles through long cool winters such as the ones seen in southern California... definitely does better in the deserts out here, or in warm, sunny, wind-protected locations closer to the coast. The better draining the soil, the better- rots in moist, cold soils. Has a nice blue-silvery-grey to leaves and reminds one of a slender Brahea armata (Mexican blue Fan palm). Native to northern Australia." (Geoff Stein)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Lorophylla.jpg|The Bungle Bungle Range rises up to 578 metres above sea level. The range stands 200 to 300 metres above a woodland and grass-covered plain, with steep cliffs on the western face. Here the gorge in its face shelters palms; Livistona victoriae. Scanned from negative. Photo by Michael Jefferies<br />
image:LvDSCF2490.jpg|El Questro Wilderness Park, in Western Australia's remote East Kimberley region. Photo by Philip Wright<br />
File:16322290575_3aa2e00504_o.jpg|Escarpments and gorges form the habitat of the Victoria River Fan Palm (Livistona victoriae) which has a limited distribution between the Victoria River Basin in Australia's Northern Territory, and the Bungle Bungle Range. The palms are shown here growing at an escarpment in Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Michael Schwab.<br />
image:Victoriae.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont<br />
image:Victoriae02.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont<br />
image:Victoriae03.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont<br />
image:Victoriae04.jpg|In habitat. Photo by Gary Beaumont<br />
image:1db2d7.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Judbarra/Gregory National Park. Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze (Zig)<br />
image:982b30.jpg|Livistona victoriae in rocky habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-1270267132135.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702667706284.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702669408485.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702672065023.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702673775584.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702674509455.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Lvpost-4226-12702674942051.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Post-4226-1270267042424.jpg|Livistona victoriae in habitat, Stokes range, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by tropicbreeze<br />
image:Livistona-victoriae-growing.jpg|Livistona victoriae growing at Joe Creek Picnic Area. Gregory National Park, Victoria River District, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Craig Nieminski<br />
image:Lv4884874568_5484f35535_z.jpg|Livistona victoriae growing at Joe Creek Picnic Area. Gregory National Park, Victoria River District, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Craig Nieminski<br />
image:LvIMG_2094.jpg|Purnululu remnant rainforest, Near Kununurra, northern Western, Australia. Photo by Ian<br />
image:Lv69927176.jpg|Victoria River Palms - Gregory National Park, Victoria Highway, Gregory, NT, Australia. Photo by blackcat49<br />
image:Lv69927438.jpg|Victoria River Palms - Gregory National Park, Victoria Highway, Gregory, NT, Australia. Photo by blackcat49<br />
image:Lv8522709679_5c11c5470f_o.jpg|Victoria River Palms - Gregory National Park, Victoria Highway, Gregory, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by David Haberlah<br />
File:lw00945771131.jpg|Joe Ck, Victoria River district, NT, Australia. Photo by Mike Crisp.<br />
File:lw3454322325.jpg|Joe Ck, Victoria River district, NT, Australia. Photo by Mike Crisp.<br />
image:LvP070276.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.<br />
File:P070275.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.<br />
File:11594905655_5282d7d76d_b.jpg|Joe Creek Picnic Area. Gregory National Park, Victoria River District, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Willoughby Owen.<br />
File:livistona-palms-in-echidna-chasm-in-the-bungle-bungle-or-purnululu-A7J4FW.jpg|Livistona Palms (Livistona victoriae), Echidna Chasm in the Bungle Bungle or Purnululu National Park in northwest Western Australia.<br />
File:livistona-palm-at-the-entrance-of-echidna-chasm-in-the-bungle-bungle-A7J4EW.jpg|Livistona palm at the entrance of Echidna Chasm in the Bungle Bungle or Purnululu National Park in northwest Western Australia.<br />
File:livistona-palms-livistona-victoriae-mini-palms-gorge-bungle-bungles-BXY7TP.jpg|Livistona Palms (Livistona victoriae), Mini Palms Gorge, Bungle Bungles, Purnululu National Park, Kimberley, Western Australia.<br />
File:livistona-palm-near-the-entrance-of-echidna-chasm-in-the-bungle-bungle-A7J4FM.jpg|Livistona palm near the entrance of Echidna Chasm in the Bungle Bungle or Purnululu National Park in northwest Western Australia.<br />
File:livistona-palm-near-the-entrance-of-echidna-chasm-in-the-bungle-bungle-A7J4FG.jpg|Livistona palm near the entrance of Echidna Chasm in the Bungle Bungle or Purnululu National Park in northwest Western Australia<br />
File:livistona-palm-near-the-entrance-of-echidna-chasm-in-the-bungle-bungle-A7J4EP.jpg|Livistona palm near the entrance of Echidna Chasm in the Bungle Bungle or Purnululu National Park in northwest Western Australia.<br />
File:321.jpg|Joe Ck, Victoria River district, NT, Australia. <br />
File:322.jpg|Joe Ck, Victoria River district, NT, Australia. <br />
File:lv006753218974922129.jpg|Livistona victoriae, Keep River, Jarnem walk, Sandstone cliffs and outcrops are the habitat of this falm palm here and also in the Victoria River district (NT) and the Bungle Bungles (WA). Photo-biology-assets.anu.edu.au<br />
File:wbPostTour Livistona victoriae in Gregory Park.jpg|Gregory National Park.<br />
File:10573541255_9c7fef4f79_k.jpg|Gumilan (Victoria River Palm), Nawulbinbin Walk, Victoria River, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by sunphlo.<br />
File:10573816393_445d09e3ab_k.jpg|Gumilan (Victoria River Palm), Nawulbinbin Walk, Victoria River, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by sunphlo.<br />
File:10573607714_c894754991_k.jpg|Gumilan (Victoria River Palm), Nawulbinbin Walk, Victoria River, Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by sunphlo.<br />
File:lvi005.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi006.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi007.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi008.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi009.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi010.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi011.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi012.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi013.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi014.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi015.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi016.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi017.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lv018.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi019.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi020.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi021.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi022.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi023.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi024.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi025.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi026.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi027.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi028.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi029.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi030.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi031.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi032.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi033.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi034.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi035.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi036.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi037.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi038.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi039.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi040.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi041.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi042.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi043.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi044.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi045.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi046.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi047.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi048.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi049.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi050.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi053.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi055.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi056.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi057.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi058.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi059.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi060.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi061.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi062.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi052.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi051.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi054.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi063.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi064.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi065.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi066.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi067.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi068.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi069.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi070.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi071.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi072.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi073.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi074.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi075.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi076.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi077.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi078.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi079.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi080.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi081.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi082.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi083.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi084.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi085.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi086.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi087.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi088.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi089.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi090.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi091.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi092.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
File:lvi093.jpg|Joe Creek/Victoria River, Judbarra/Gregory National Park, Northern Territory, 359 km south of Darwin, Australia. Photo by Philippe Alvarez.<br />
<br />
File:bungle-bungle-range-fan-palm-livistona-victoriae-10136739.jpg<br />
<br />
File:post-42-1214482432.jpg|Adelaide Botanic Garden, North Terrace, South Australia. Photo by Dr. Axel Kratel.<br />
image:94730f.jpg|southern California. 10 years old. Photo by Geoff Stein<br />
image:F8e81d.jpg|Thailand. Photo by Geoff Stein<br />
File:P070277.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.<br />
File:P070278.jpg|Northern Territory, Australia. Photo by Dr. J. L. Dowe.<br />
image:15102.gif<br />
File:lw090872445194810.JPG<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*[http://www.anbg.gov.au/images/photo_cd/index.html Click on Arecaceae, for list of photos]<br />
*http://keys.trin.org.au/key-server/data/0e0f0504-0103-430d-8004-060d07080d04/media/Html/taxon/Livistona_victoriae.htm<br />
*[http://rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/73166/Tel8Rod049.pdf Revision of Livistona (Arecaceae) in Australia, By Dr. A.N. Rodd]<br />
*[http://baa.univpgri-palembang.ac.id/perpus-fkip/Perpustakaan/Geography/Biogeography/%5BJohn_Leslie_Dowe%5D_Australian_Palms_Biogeography,(BookFi.org).pdf Australian Palms, By John Leslie Dowe]<br />
*http://www.palmtalk.org/forum/index.php?/topic/41598-a-blue-livistona/<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dowe, J.L., A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae). A taxonomic account of Livistona R.Br. (Arecaceae).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:LIVISTONA|victoriae]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oenocarpus_bacaba
Oenocarpus bacaba
2023-02-16T11:09:03Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=_52dea6611b7b4.jpg<br />
|image_caption=French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
|genus=Oenocarpus (oh-eh-no-KAR-puhs)<br />
|species=<br>bacaba (bah-KAH-bah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Turu Palm, Kumbu, koemboe, Lu, Comou, bacaba açu, bacaba-de-leque, ungurauy, camon, manoco, milpesos, punáma<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Brazil North, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[[File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|thumb|left|350px|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.]]<br />
==Description==<br />
Turu is a thin solitary palm, stem to 30 cm in diameter and up to 18 m tall, with drooping leaflets. It has dark red to purple, globose fruits, indigenous to the Amazon rainforest, with a stem 8 - 12 inches in diameter and growing up to 50' tall. It has globose fruits, dark red to purple. The fruit is made into a drink, after cooking and removing of the skin, the fruit also yields a moisturizing and emollient oil. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Full sun / partial shade and sandy soils, dry soil but water well. Plant in frost free areas. Fast growing. The tree grows in well-drained sandy soils of the Amazon basin. Form optimal germination, seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 cm in sand and vermiculite, and the temperature kept around 30°C. Seeds should be kept moist, rather than wet. Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The city of Bacabal in Maranhão was so called because of the large amount of existing Bacaba fruit there.<br />
<br />
Uses: A beverage ("wine") is also made from the fruits of the chiquichique (Leopoldinia piassaba), the moriche or canangucha (Mauritia minor) the bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), and the bacabiña or milpesillo (Oenocarpus minor). Also the fruit juice is used to to make a "milk" or "chicha". The mesocarp is eaten after removing the skin, and being heated in water for a few minutes, this is called "Caguana". Oil is removed the seeds and buds. The seeds and the remains of the macerated pulp are fed to pigs and poultry. Leaves are used for house interiors while trunks provide tough wood suitable for construction. The seeds are used for making bracelets, and necklaces. The juice obtained by grinding the bud of the palm is used as an antidote (neutralizes the effects of scorpion venom and spider). The thick juice is applied on the bite, two or three times a day.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
The bacaba, or Açu-bacaba bacaba true (Oenocarpus bacaba) is a palm native to the Amazon. It is distributed throughout the Amazon Basin, most frequently in Amazonas, Para, Acre and Tocantins. It has virgin forest as a habitat of high land. It is also found in the forests of the Pacific in western Colombia. It is a tall-stemmed palm, smooth strain. It can reach up to 20 feet tall and 20 to 25 cm in diameter. The fruit is widely consumed here in Pará, but increasingly difficult to find, due to deforestation.<br />
<br />
The phytochemicals in fruits have been shown to be major bioactive compounds with regard to health benefits. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) is a native palm fruit from the Brazilian savannah and Amazon rainforest that plays an important role in the diet of rural communities and is also a source of income for poor people.<br />
<br />
After the fruit is cooked, the skin removed, the triturated pulp gives the "comou milk", very appreciated as a refreshing drink or for the preparation of sherbets.<br />
<br />
Bacaba produces more fruits than any other palm in central Amazonia, averaging around 2500 per bunch. Bunches usually weigh about 3–4 kg, but can weigh up to 10 kg. The fruit is a drupe weighing up to 3.0 grams. Propagation is by seeds that germinate in 60–120 days, with slow growth. Production begins when the tree is 3–4 meters high, after about 6 years. The fruits has a rounded dark red to purple shell and creamy white flesh, rich in oil of a pale yellow color. Bacaba fruit are cooked to prepare a juice which is much sought after by local people, though generally less popular than açaí. Bacaba fruit is agreeable and its flavor is reminiscent of avocado. The fruits are rich in natural phenols, especially in flavonoids and their red color is due to cyanidin hexosides. {{read more bottom}}<br />
<br />
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{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou__detail_des_inflorescences.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_jeune_plante_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_stipe_et_manchon_foliaire.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_mataroni.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
File:8227730068_3049887226_b.jpg|Photo by André Cardoso.<br />
File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6091cfad.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea60b17ab0.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6611b7b4.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6639b9cd.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea7cb4918f.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
<br />
image:Ob6801507465_5db1270caa_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801511687_f43a74f304_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801516427_4ff316044a_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo-GFU.<br />
image:Ob6906836159_945552ca84_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
image:Bacaba-Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by Afonso Rabelo.<br />
image:Obpost-279-0342220001302114324.jpg|Rio Negro -Amazon. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:MM Hawaii Oenocarpusbacaba.jpeg|Hawaii nowadays, seeds harvested and germinated. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:Ob6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311166243_7d7ea27088_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687564_18f88e3e1e_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687664_c0ae612b88_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687752_1640d834f3_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob35372329.jpg|Gurupi - Tocantins, Brazil. Photos by Waldiney B. Pinheiro.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba_1_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_2_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Ob3900971810_c3de841509.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_macouria_w750_h1265.jpg|Photo by Patritia Cardet.<br />
image:Bacaba.jpg|Manaus, AM Brazil. Photo by Don Kittelson.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra1.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra2.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra4.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra6.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra7.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra8.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:Ob93969896.jpg|São Miguel do Araguaia - Goiás, Brazil. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) em São Miguel do Araguaia. Photo by MarcosM.<br />
File:6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|Research station Nouragues, French Guiana. Photo: The Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (France). © S. Aubert / SAJF<br />
<br />
File:bacaba-oenocarpus-bacaba.jpg|Photo: Eco4u<br />
File:photo20070413123039.jpg<br />
File:oenocarpus-bacaba120908.jpg|Photo-(Société Palmophile Francophone).<br />
File:3159862986_7f8bc6f4d4_b.jpg|Barcarena, Para, Brazil. Photo by Tarcísio Schnaider.<br />
File:ob5009564412896.JPG|Image Text: Palms and People in the Amazon.<br />
image:ObSuperStock_2238-582907.jpg<br />
image:Ob6906836153_2ab68b4c93_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
File:ob51905167890543.JPG|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:OenBac.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:OenBac2.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:Koemboe-thum.jpg<br />
File:47386.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org<br />
File:17f03.jpg|Photo: scielo.br<br />
File:obDSC06054.jpg|Botanical Garden of Jundiaí, Manaus - AM, Brazil.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 051.0.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 052.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob069085403321.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob55090865432146.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
image:Chapter8-19.jpg<br />
File:Chapter8-20.jpg<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7e9lkwpLbL0<br />
*http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/mbalick/TaxanomyoftheOenocarpus-Jessenia....pdf<br />
*http://ambienteacreano.blogspot.com/2006/09/palmeira-bacaba.html<br />
*https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15877<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:OENOCARPUS|bacaba]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/File:MM_Hawaii_Oenocarpusbacaba.jpeg
File:MM Hawaii Oenocarpusbacaba.jpeg
2023-02-16T11:08:02Z
<p>Joaocosta: MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>MsUpload</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oenocarpus_bacaba
Oenocarpus bacaba
2023-02-16T11:06:26Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=_52dea6611b7b4.jpg<br />
|image_caption=French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
|genus=Oenocarpus (oh-eh-no-KAR-puhs)<br />
|species=<br>bacaba (bah-KAH-bah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Turu Palm, Kumbu, koemboe, Lu, Comou, bacaba açu, bacaba-de-leque, ungurauy, camon, manoco, milpesos, punáma<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Brazil North, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[[File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|thumb|left|350px|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.]]<br />
==Description==<br />
Turu is a thin solitary palm, stem to 30 cm in diameter and up to 18 m tall, with drooping leaflets. It has dark red to purple, globose fruits, indigenous to the Amazon rainforest, with a stem 8 - 12 inches in diameter and growing up to 50' tall. It has globose fruits, dark red to purple. The fruit is made into a drink, after cooking and removing of the skin, the fruit also yields a moisturizing and emollient oil. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Full sun / partial shade and sandy soils, dry soil but water well. Plant in frost free areas. Fast growing. The tree grows in well-drained sandy soils of the Amazon basin. Form optimal germination, seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 cm in sand and vermiculite, and the temperature kept around 30°C. Seeds should be kept moist, rather than wet. Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The city of Bacabal in Maranhão was so called because of the large amount of existing Bacaba fruit there.<br />
<br />
Uses: A beverage ("wine") is also made from the fruits of the chiquichique (Leopoldinia piassaba), the moriche or canangucha (Mauritia minor) the bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), and the bacabiña or milpesillo (Oenocarpus minor). Also the fruit juice is used to to make a "milk" or "chicha". The mesocarp is eaten after removing the skin, and being heated in water for a few minutes, this is called "Caguana". Oil is removed the seeds and buds. The seeds and the remains of the macerated pulp are fed to pigs and poultry. Leaves are used for house interiors while trunks provide tough wood suitable for construction. The seeds are used for making bracelets, and necklaces. The juice obtained by grinding the bud of the palm is used as an antidote (neutralizes the effects of scorpion venom and spider). The thick juice is applied on the bite, two or three times a day.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
The bacaba, or Açu-bacaba bacaba true (Oenocarpus bacaba) is a palm native to the Amazon. It is distributed throughout the Amazon Basin, most frequently in Amazonas, Para, Acre and Tocantins. It has virgin forest as a habitat of high land. It is also found in the forests of the Pacific in western Colombia. It is a tall-stemmed palm, smooth strain. It can reach up to 20 feet tall and 20 to 25 cm in diameter. The fruit is widely consumed here in Pará, but increasingly difficult to find, due to deforestation.<br />
<br />
The phytochemicals in fruits have been shown to be major bioactive compounds with regard to health benefits. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) is a native palm fruit from the Brazilian savannah and Amazon rainforest that plays an important role in the diet of rural communities and is also a source of income for poor people.<br />
<br />
After the fruit is cooked, the skin removed, the triturated pulp gives the "comou milk", very appreciated as a refreshing drink or for the preparation of sherbets.<br />
<br />
Bacaba produces more fruits than any other palm in central Amazonia, averaging around 2500 per bunch. Bunches usually weigh about 3–4 kg, but can weigh up to 10 kg. The fruit is a drupe weighing up to 3.0 grams. Propagation is by seeds that germinate in 60–120 days, with slow growth. Production begins when the tree is 3–4 meters high, after about 6 years. The fruits has a rounded dark red to purple shell and creamy white flesh, rich in oil of a pale yellow color. Bacaba fruit are cooked to prepare a juice which is much sought after by local people, though generally less popular than açaí. Bacaba fruit is agreeable and its flavor is reminiscent of avocado. The fruits are rich in natural phenols, especially in flavonoids and their red color is due to cyanidin hexosides. {{read more bottom}}<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou__detail_des_inflorescences.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_jeune_plante_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_stipe_et_manchon_foliaire.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_mataroni.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
File:8227730068_3049887226_b.jpg|Photo by André Cardoso.<br />
File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6091cfad.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea60b17ab0.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6611b7b4.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6639b9cd.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea7cb4918f.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
<br />
image:Ob6801507465_5db1270caa_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801511687_f43a74f304_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801516427_4ff316044a_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo-GFU.<br />
image:Ob6906836159_945552ca84_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
image:Bacaba-Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by Afonso Rabelo.<br />
image:Obpost-279-0342220001302114324.jpg|Rio Negro -Amazon. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
Image:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.thumb.JPG|Hawaii nowadays, seeds harvested and germinated. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.JPG|Hawaii nowadays, seeds harvested and germinated. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:Ob6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311166243_7d7ea27088_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687564_18f88e3e1e_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687664_c0ae612b88_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687752_1640d834f3_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob35372329.jpg|Gurupi - Tocantins, Brazil. Photos by Waldiney B. Pinheiro.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba_1_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_2_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Ob3900971810_c3de841509.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_macouria_w750_h1265.jpg|Photo by Patritia Cardet.<br />
image:Bacaba.jpg|Manaus, AM Brazil. Photo by Don Kittelson.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra1.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra2.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra4.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra6.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra7.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra8.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:Ob93969896.jpg|São Miguel do Araguaia - Goiás, Brazil. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) em São Miguel do Araguaia. Photo by MarcosM.<br />
File:6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|Research station Nouragues, French Guiana. Photo: The Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (France). © S. Aubert / SAJF<br />
<br />
File:bacaba-oenocarpus-bacaba.jpg|Photo: Eco4u<br />
File:photo20070413123039.jpg<br />
File:oenocarpus-bacaba120908.jpg|Photo-(Société Palmophile Francophone).<br />
File:3159862986_7f8bc6f4d4_b.jpg|Barcarena, Para, Brazil. Photo by Tarcísio Schnaider.<br />
File:ob5009564412896.JPG|Image Text: Palms and People in the Amazon.<br />
image:ObSuperStock_2238-582907.jpg<br />
image:Ob6906836153_2ab68b4c93_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
File:ob51905167890543.JPG|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:OenBac.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:OenBac2.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:Koemboe-thum.jpg<br />
File:47386.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org<br />
File:17f03.jpg|Photo: scielo.br<br />
File:obDSC06054.jpg|Botanical Garden of Jundiaí, Manaus - AM, Brazil.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 051.0.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 052.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob069085403321.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob55090865432146.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
image:Chapter8-19.jpg<br />
File:Chapter8-20.jpg<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7e9lkwpLbL0<br />
*http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/mbalick/TaxanomyoftheOenocarpus-Jessenia....pdf<br />
*http://ambienteacreano.blogspot.com/2006/09/palmeira-bacaba.html<br />
*https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15877<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:OENOCARPUS|bacaba]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/File:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.thumb.JPG.31ab37feae1fa94171c9a25ca3c85a9f.jpeg
File:1729539760 Oenocarpusbacaba MLM 021523.thumb.JPG.31ab37feae1fa94171c9a25ca3c85a9f.jpeg
2023-02-16T11:04:44Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta uploaded a new version of &quot;File:1729539760 Oenocarpusbacaba MLM 021523.thumb.JPG.31ab37feae1fa94171c9a25ca3c85a9f.jpeg&quot;</p>
<hr />
<div>MsUpload</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oenocarpus_bacaba
Oenocarpus bacaba
2023-02-16T11:04:07Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=_52dea6611b7b4.jpg<br />
|image_caption=French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
|genus=Oenocarpus (oh-eh-no-KAR-puhs)<br />
|species=<br>bacaba (bah-KAH-bah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Turu Palm, Kumbu, koemboe, Lu, Comou, bacaba açu, bacaba-de-leque, ungurauy, camon, manoco, milpesos, punáma<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Brazil North, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[[File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|thumb|left|350px|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.]]<br />
==Description==<br />
Turu is a thin solitary palm, stem to 30 cm in diameter and up to 18 m tall, with drooping leaflets. It has dark red to purple, globose fruits, indigenous to the Amazon rainforest, with a stem 8 - 12 inches in diameter and growing up to 50' tall. It has globose fruits, dark red to purple. The fruit is made into a drink, after cooking and removing of the skin, the fruit also yields a moisturizing and emollient oil. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Full sun / partial shade and sandy soils, dry soil but water well. Plant in frost free areas. Fast growing. The tree grows in well-drained sandy soils of the Amazon basin. Form optimal germination, seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 cm in sand and vermiculite, and the temperature kept around 30°C. Seeds should be kept moist, rather than wet. Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The city of Bacabal in Maranhão was so called because of the large amount of existing Bacaba fruit there.<br />
<br />
Uses: A beverage ("wine") is also made from the fruits of the chiquichique (Leopoldinia piassaba), the moriche or canangucha (Mauritia minor) the bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), and the bacabiña or milpesillo (Oenocarpus minor). Also the fruit juice is used to to make a "milk" or "chicha". The mesocarp is eaten after removing the skin, and being heated in water for a few minutes, this is called "Caguana". Oil is removed the seeds and buds. The seeds and the remains of the macerated pulp are fed to pigs and poultry. Leaves are used for house interiors while trunks provide tough wood suitable for construction. The seeds are used for making bracelets, and necklaces. The juice obtained by grinding the bud of the palm is used as an antidote (neutralizes the effects of scorpion venom and spider). The thick juice is applied on the bite, two or three times a day.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
The bacaba, or Açu-bacaba bacaba true (Oenocarpus bacaba) is a palm native to the Amazon. It is distributed throughout the Amazon Basin, most frequently in Amazonas, Para, Acre and Tocantins. It has virgin forest as a habitat of high land. It is also found in the forests of the Pacific in western Colombia. It is a tall-stemmed palm, smooth strain. It can reach up to 20 feet tall and 20 to 25 cm in diameter. The fruit is widely consumed here in Pará, but increasingly difficult to find, due to deforestation.<br />
<br />
The phytochemicals in fruits have been shown to be major bioactive compounds with regard to health benefits. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) is a native palm fruit from the Brazilian savannah and Amazon rainforest that plays an important role in the diet of rural communities and is also a source of income for poor people.<br />
<br />
After the fruit is cooked, the skin removed, the triturated pulp gives the "comou milk", very appreciated as a refreshing drink or for the preparation of sherbets.<br />
<br />
Bacaba produces more fruits than any other palm in central Amazonia, averaging around 2500 per bunch. Bunches usually weigh about 3–4 kg, but can weigh up to 10 kg. The fruit is a drupe weighing up to 3.0 grams. Propagation is by seeds that germinate in 60–120 days, with slow growth. Production begins when the tree is 3–4 meters high, after about 6 years. The fruits has a rounded dark red to purple shell and creamy white flesh, rich in oil of a pale yellow color. Bacaba fruit are cooked to prepare a juice which is much sought after by local people, though generally less popular than açaí. Bacaba fruit is agreeable and its flavor is reminiscent of avocado. The fruits are rich in natural phenols, especially in flavonoids and their red color is due to cyanidin hexosides. {{read more bottom}}<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou__detail_des_inflorescences.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_jeune_plante_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_stipe_et_manchon_foliaire.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_mataroni.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
File:8227730068_3049887226_b.jpg|Photo by André Cardoso.<br />
File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6091cfad.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea60b17ab0.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6611b7b4.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6639b9cd.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea7cb4918f.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
<br />
image:Ob6801507465_5db1270caa_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801511687_f43a74f304_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801516427_4ff316044a_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo-GFU.<br />
image:Ob6906836159_945552ca84_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
image:Bacaba-Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by Afonso Rabelo.<br />
image:Obpost-279-0342220001302114324.jpg|Rio Negro -Amazon. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.JPG|Hawaii nowadays, seeds harvested and germinated. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:Ob6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311166243_7d7ea27088_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687564_18f88e3e1e_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687664_c0ae612b88_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687752_1640d834f3_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob35372329.jpg|Gurupi - Tocantins, Brazil. Photos by Waldiney B. Pinheiro.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba_1_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_2_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Ob3900971810_c3de841509.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_macouria_w750_h1265.jpg|Photo by Patritia Cardet.<br />
image:Bacaba.jpg|Manaus, AM Brazil. Photo by Don Kittelson.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra1.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra2.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra4.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra6.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra7.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra8.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:Ob93969896.jpg|São Miguel do Araguaia - Goiás, Brazil. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) em São Miguel do Araguaia. Photo by MarcosM.<br />
File:6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|Research station Nouragues, French Guiana. Photo: The Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (France). © S. Aubert / SAJF<br />
<br />
File:bacaba-oenocarpus-bacaba.jpg|Photo: Eco4u<br />
File:photo20070413123039.jpg<br />
File:oenocarpus-bacaba120908.jpg|Photo-(Société Palmophile Francophone).<br />
File:3159862986_7f8bc6f4d4_b.jpg|Barcarena, Para, Brazil. Photo by Tarcísio Schnaider.<br />
File:ob5009564412896.JPG|Image Text: Palms and People in the Amazon.<br />
image:ObSuperStock_2238-582907.jpg<br />
image:Ob6906836153_2ab68b4c93_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
File:ob51905167890543.JPG|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:OenBac.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:OenBac2.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:Koemboe-thum.jpg<br />
File:47386.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org<br />
File:17f03.jpg|Photo: scielo.br<br />
File:obDSC06054.jpg|Botanical Garden of Jundiaí, Manaus - AM, Brazil.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 051.0.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 052.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob069085403321.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob55090865432146.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
image:Chapter8-19.jpg<br />
File:Chapter8-20.jpg<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7e9lkwpLbL0<br />
*http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/mbalick/TaxanomyoftheOenocarpus-Jessenia....pdf<br />
*http://ambienteacreano.blogspot.com/2006/09/palmeira-bacaba.html<br />
*https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15877<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:OENOCARPUS|bacaba]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Oenocarpus_bacaba
Oenocarpus bacaba
2023-02-16T11:03:22Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=_52dea6611b7b4.jpg<br />
|image_caption=French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
|genus=Oenocarpus (oh-eh-no-KAR-puhs)<br />
|species=<br>bacaba (bah-KAH-bah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Turu Palm, Kumbu, koemboe, Lu, Comou, bacaba açu, bacaba-de-leque, ungurauy, camon, manoco, milpesos, punáma<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Brazil North, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.[[File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|thumb|left|350px|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.]]<br />
==Description==<br />
Turu is a thin solitary palm, stem to 30 cm in diameter and up to 18 m tall, with drooping leaflets. It has dark red to purple, globose fruits, indigenous to the Amazon rainforest, with a stem 8 - 12 inches in diameter and growing up to 50' tall. It has globose fruits, dark red to purple. The fruit is made into a drink, after cooking and removing of the skin, the fruit also yields a moisturizing and emollient oil. Editing by edric.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Full sun / partial shade and sandy soils, dry soil but water well. Plant in frost free areas. Fast growing. The tree grows in well-drained sandy soils of the Amazon basin. Form optimal germination, seeds should be planted at a depth of 2 cm in sand and vermiculite, and the temperature kept around 30°C. Seeds should be kept moist, rather than wet. Cold Hardiness Zone: 9b<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
The city of Bacabal in Maranhão was so called because of the large amount of existing Bacaba fruit there.<br />
<br />
Uses: A beverage ("wine") is also made from the fruits of the chiquichique (Leopoldinia piassaba), the moriche or canangucha (Mauritia minor) the bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba), and the bacabiña or milpesillo (Oenocarpus minor). Also the fruit juice is used to to make a "milk" or "chicha". The mesocarp is eaten after removing the skin, and being heated in water for a few minutes, this is called "Caguana". Oil is removed the seeds and buds. The seeds and the remains of the macerated pulp are fed to pigs and poultry. Leaves are used for house interiors while trunks provide tough wood suitable for construction. The seeds are used for making bracelets, and necklaces. The juice obtained by grinding the bud of the palm is used as an antidote (neutralizes the effects of scorpion venom and spider). The thick juice is applied on the bite, two or three times a day.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
The bacaba, or Açu-bacaba bacaba true (Oenocarpus bacaba) is a palm native to the Amazon. It is distributed throughout the Amazon Basin, most frequently in Amazonas, Para, Acre and Tocantins. It has virgin forest as a habitat of high land. It is also found in the forests of the Pacific in western Colombia. It is a tall-stemmed palm, smooth strain. It can reach up to 20 feet tall and 20 to 25 cm in diameter. The fruit is widely consumed here in Pará, but increasingly difficult to find, due to deforestation.<br />
<br />
The phytochemicals in fruits have been shown to be major bioactive compounds with regard to health benefits. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) is a native palm fruit from the Brazilian savannah and Amazon rainforest that plays an important role in the diet of rural communities and is also a source of income for poor people.<br />
<br />
After the fruit is cooked, the skin removed, the triturated pulp gives the "comou milk", very appreciated as a refreshing drink or for the preparation of sherbets.<br />
<br />
Bacaba produces more fruits than any other palm in central Amazonia, averaging around 2500 per bunch. Bunches usually weigh about 3–4 kg, but can weigh up to 10 kg. The fruit is a drupe weighing up to 3.0 grams. Propagation is by seeds that germinate in 60–120 days, with slow growth. Production begins when the tree is 3–4 meters high, after about 6 years. The fruits has a rounded dark red to purple shell and creamy white flesh, rich in oil of a pale yellow color. Bacaba fruit are cooked to prepare a juice which is much sought after by local people, though generally less popular than açaí. Bacaba fruit is agreeable and its flavor is reminiscent of avocado. The fruits are rich in natural phenols, especially in flavonoids and their red color is due to cyanidin hexosides. {{read more bottom}}<br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou__detail_des_inflorescences.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_jeune_plante_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_plante_adulte_cultivee.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_comou_stipe_et_manchon_foliaire.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
image:Guy_oenocarpus_bacaba_mataroni.jpg|French Guiana. Photo-ti-palm.fr.<br />
File:8227730068_3049887226_b.jpg|Photo by André Cardoso.<br />
File:_52dea5d11db90.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6091cfad.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea60b17ab0.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6611b7b4.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea6639b9cd.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
File:_52dea7cb4918f.jpg|French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.<br />
<br />
image:Ob6801507465_5db1270caa_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801511687_f43a74f304_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Ob6801516427_4ff316044a_o.jpg|Photo by Rui Oliveira Santos.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo-GFU.<br />
image:Ob6906836159_945552ca84_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
image:Bacaba-Oenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by Afonso Rabelo.<br />
image:Obpost-279-0342220001302114324.jpg|Rio Negro -Amazon. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.thumb.JPG|Hawaii nowadays, seeds harvested and germinated. Photo by Michael Merritt.<br />
image:Ob6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311166243_7d7ea27088_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687564_18f88e3e1e_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687664_c0ae612b88_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob6311687752_1640d834f3_o.jpg|photo was taken in October 2011 in French Guiana during a visit to the research station Nouragues (CNRS). Photo by jardin lautaret.<br />
image:Ob35372329.jpg|Gurupi - Tocantins, Brazil. Photos by Waldiney B. Pinheiro.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba_1_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_2_p4_Brazylia_big.jpg|Photo by L. Kurowski.<br />
image:Ob3900971810_c3de841509.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:ObOenocarpus_bacaba.jpg|Photo by João Felix Vieira.<br />
image:Oenocarpus_bacaba_macouria_w750_h1265.jpg|Photo by Patritia Cardet.<br />
image:Bacaba.jpg|Manaus, AM Brazil. Photo by Don Kittelson.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra1.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra2.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra4.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra6.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra7.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:ObFrutaPalmeiraBacabaflorestaaguanorteamazoniacelcoimbra8.jpg|Photo-florestaaguadonorte.com.br.<br />
image:Ob93969896.jpg|São Miguel do Araguaia - Goiás, Brazil. Bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba) em São Miguel do Araguaia. Photo by MarcosM.<br />
File:6311689046_8ae83cc189_o.jpg|Research station Nouragues, French Guiana. Photo: The Joseph Fourier Alpine Station (France). © S. Aubert / SAJF<br />
<br />
File:bacaba-oenocarpus-bacaba.jpg|Photo: Eco4u<br />
File:photo20070413123039.jpg<br />
File:oenocarpus-bacaba120908.jpg|Photo-(Société Palmophile Francophone).<br />
File:3159862986_7f8bc6f4d4_b.jpg|Barcarena, Para, Brazil. Photo by Tarcísio Schnaider.<br />
File:ob5009564412896.JPG|Image Text: Palms and People in the Amazon.<br />
image:ObSuperStock_2238-582907.jpg<br />
image:Ob6906836153_2ab68b4c93_o.jpg|Photo by Marco A Silva.<br />
File:ob51905167890543.JPG|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Paul Craft.<br />
image:OenBac.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:OenBac2.jpg|Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:Koemboe-thum.jpg<br />
File:47386.jpg|Image: plantillustrations.org<br />
File:17f03.jpg|Photo: scielo.br<br />
File:obDSC06054.jpg|Botanical Garden of Jundiaí, Manaus - AM, Brazil.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 051.0.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:Rio das Minas 052.jpg|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob069085403321.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
File:ob55090865432146.JPG|RIO BRANCO-AC, BRAZIL. Photo & article by Dr. EVANDRO FERREIRA.<br />
image:Chapter8-19.jpg<br />
File:Chapter8-20.jpg<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7e9lkwpLbL0<br />
*http://www.nybg.org/files/scientists/mbalick/TaxanomyoftheOenocarpus-Jessenia....pdf<br />
*http://ambienteacreano.blogspot.com/2006/09/palmeira-bacaba.html<br />
*https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/15877<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:OENOCARPUS|bacaba]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/File:1729539760_Oenocarpusbacaba_MLM_021523.thumb.JPG.31ab37feae1fa94171c9a25ca3c85a9f.jpeg
File:1729539760 Oenocarpusbacaba MLM 021523.thumb.JPG.31ab37feae1fa94171c9a25ca3c85a9f.jpeg
2023-02-16T11:00:40Z
<p>Joaocosta: MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>MsUpload</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:VONITRA
Category:VONITRA
2023-02-15T05:05:48Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>A New Combination for a Previous Name</big><br />
<br />
<small>DONALD R. HODEL</small><br />
<br />
[[File:Vonitra.jpeg|thumb|left|320px]]<br />
<br />
In a just published paper (24 August 2022) based on a monumental molecular analysis of the<br />
subtribe Dypsidinae (including until recently the genera Dypsis, Lemurophoenix, Marojejya, and<br />
Masoala), which mostly occurs in Madagascar but with a few species in adjacent islands,<br />
Eiserhardt et al. (2022) found that the genus Dypsis, comprising 173 species, was untenable as<br />
previously understood. Thus, they justifiably divided Dypsis into three genera, in the process<br />
resurrecting two of them from synonymy, Chrysalidocarpus and Vonitra, into which they moved<br />
many of the former Dypsis species, necessitating numerous name changes sure to raise the ire<br />
and hackles of palm collectors, hobbyists, and growers everywhere. Now new names have to be<br />
learned and labels, lists, and databases corrected and updated; indeed, in some cases, even the<br />
suffix of the species epithets will change (for example Dypsis basilonga to Chrysalidocarpus<br />
basilongus).<br />
<br />
So now, Eiserhardt et al. (2022) have moved many species out of Dypsis to the resurrected<br />
Chrysalidocarpus (54 species) and some to Vonitra (10 species). While noting that morphology<br />
alone is inadequate to understand and delineate genera in the Dypsidinae, they relied on<br />
morphological characters in their key to distinguish these three genera, many of which overlap<br />
or intergrade, pointing out the value of supporting molecular data. The fibrous and hairy leaf<br />
bases fairly easily distinguish Vonitra (..)<br />
<br />
<small>Edit by João S. Costa</small><br />
<br />
[[:File:Chrysalidocarpus.pdf]]<br />
[[Category:PALM GENERA]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:VONITRA
Category:VONITRA
2023-02-15T05:03:56Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>A New Combination for a Previous Name</big><br />
<br />
<small>DONALD R. HODEL</small><br />
<br />
[[Image:Chrysalidocarpus Burtscherorum.png|thumb|left|320px]]<br />
[[File:Vonitra.jpeg|thumb|left|320px]]<br />
<br />
In a just published paper (24 August 2022) based on a monumental molecular analysis of the<br />
subtribe Dypsidinae (including until recently the genera Dypsis, Lemurophoenix, Marojejya, and<br />
Masoala), which mostly occurs in Madagascar but with a few species in adjacent islands,<br />
Eiserhardt et al. (2022) found that the genus Dypsis, comprising 173 species, was untenable as<br />
previously understood. Thus, they justifiably divided Dypsis into three genera, in the process<br />
resurrecting two of them from synonymy, Chrysalidocarpus and Vonitra, into which they moved<br />
many of the former Dypsis species, necessitating numerous name changes sure to raise the ire<br />
and hackles of palm collectors, hobbyists, and growers everywhere. Now new names have to be<br />
learned and labels, lists, and databases corrected and updated; indeed, in some cases, even the<br />
suffix of the species epithets will change (for example Dypsis basilonga to Chrysalidocarpus<br />
basilongus).<br />
<br />
For an old-timer like me, Chrysalidocarpus and Vonitra bring back memories of my first<br />
introduction to palms 50 years ago as a student at California State Polytechnic University in<br />
Pomona. Then, during a subtropical plant materials class that my late professor and soon-to-be<br />
avid palm friend James L. Degen was conducting, I learned about Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, with<br />
which I was immediately smitten because of its numerous attributes, including clustered habit<br />
with neat, green, ringed stems, arching, bright green, pinnate leaves with attractive golden<br />
yellow petioles and rachises, waxy white crownshaft, and golden fruits. Palm collectors often<br />
overlook these features and scoff at this species now, perhaps because it is so common. Later,<br />
when the name was changed to Dypsis lutescens, some raised their eyebrows and protested but<br />
generally shrugged it off and accepted the name; it was certainly easier to say and spell.<br />
So now, Eiserhardt et al. (2022) have moved many species out of Dypsis to the resurrected<br />
Chrysalidocarpus (54 species) and some to Vonitra (10 species). While noting that morphology<br />
alone is inadequate to understand and delineate genera in the Dypsidinae, they relied on<br />
morphological characters in their key to distinguish these three genera, many of which overlap<br />
or intergrade, pointing out the value of supporting molecular data. The fibrous and hairy leaf<br />
bases fairly easily distinguish Vonitra; however, distinguishing between Chrysalidocarpus and<br />
Dypsis is trickier. Generally, Chrysalidocarpus tends to comprise larger palms with larger stems<br />
and leaves and thicker rachillae while Dypsis includes smaller, understory palms with slender<br />
stems and smaller leaves and slender rachillae although outliers exist that defy easy classification. <br />
<br />
<small>Edit by João S. Costa</small><br />
<br />
[[:File:Chrysalidocarpus.pdf]]<br />
[[Category:PALM GENERA]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:VONITRA
Category:VONITRA
2023-02-15T05:03:03Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>A New Combination for a Previous Name</big><br />
<br />
<small>DONALD R. HODEL</small><br />
<br />
[[Image:Chrysalidocarpus Burtscherorum.png|thumb|left|320px]]<br />
[[File:Vonitra.jpeg|400px]]<br />
<br />
In a just published paper (24 August 2022) based on a monumental molecular analysis of the<br />
subtribe Dypsidinae (including until recently the genera Dypsis, Lemurophoenix, Marojejya, and<br />
Masoala), which mostly occurs in Madagascar but with a few species in adjacent islands,<br />
Eiserhardt et al. (2022) found that the genus Dypsis, comprising 173 species, was untenable as<br />
previously understood. Thus, they justifiably divided Dypsis into three genera, in the process<br />
resurrecting two of them from synonymy, Chrysalidocarpus and Vonitra, into which they moved<br />
many of the former Dypsis species, necessitating numerous name changes sure to raise the ire<br />
and hackles of palm collectors, hobbyists, and growers everywhere. Now new names have to be<br />
learned and labels, lists, and databases corrected and updated; indeed, in some cases, even the<br />
suffix of the species epithets will change (for example Dypsis basilonga to Chrysalidocarpus<br />
basilongus).<br />
<br />
For an old-timer like me, Chrysalidocarpus and Vonitra bring back memories of my first<br />
introduction to palms 50 years ago as a student at California State Polytechnic University in<br />
Pomona. Then, during a subtropical plant materials class that my late professor and soon-to-be<br />
avid palm friend James L. Degen was conducting, I learned about Chrysalidocarpus lutescens, with<br />
which I was immediately smitten because of its numerous attributes, including clustered habit<br />
with neat, green, ringed stems, arching, bright green, pinnate leaves with attractive golden<br />
yellow petioles and rachises, waxy white crownshaft, and golden fruits. Palm collectors often<br />
overlook these features and scoff at this species now, perhaps because it is so common. Later,<br />
when the name was changed to Dypsis lutescens, some raised their eyebrows and protested but<br />
generally shrugged it off and accepted the name; it was certainly easier to say and spell.<br />
So now, Eiserhardt et al. (2022) have moved many species out of Dypsis to the resurrected<br />
Chrysalidocarpus (54 species) and some to Vonitra (10 species). While noting that morphology<br />
alone is inadequate to understand and delineate genera in the Dypsidinae, they relied on<br />
morphological characters in their key to distinguish these three genera, many of which overlap<br />
or intergrade, pointing out the value of supporting molecular data. The fibrous and hairy leaf<br />
bases fairly easily distinguish Vonitra; however, distinguishing between Chrysalidocarpus and<br />
Dypsis is trickier. Generally, Chrysalidocarpus tends to comprise larger palms with larger stems<br />
and leaves and thicker rachillae while Dypsis includes smaller, understory palms with slender<br />
stems and smaller leaves and slender rachillae although outliers exist that defy easy classification. <br />
<br />
<small>Edit by João S. Costa</small><br />
<br />
[[:File:Chrysalidocarpus.pdf]]<br />
[[Category:PALM GENERA]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/File:Vonitra.jpeg
File:Vonitra.jpeg
2023-02-15T04:58:51Z
<p>Joaocosta: MsUpload</p>
<hr />
<div>MsUpload</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_angustifolia
Dypsis angustifolia
2023-02-14T18:02:53Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis angusta to Dypsis angustifolia over redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=DYPSIS AUGUSTIFOLIA IMG 2537.JPG<br />
|image_caption=Common Form with Thin Bifid Leaves.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>angustifolia <br>(ahn-GÛS-tih-foh-LEE-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=Bifid<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names= butterfly palm<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
''Dypsis angustifolia'' is endemic to Madagascar. Central part of East Coast lowlands, [[Image:Dypsis Angustifolia broad leaf form..JPG|thumb|left|450px|Madagascar. Broadleaf Form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.]]Betampona and environs, northeast of Toamasina. Lowland rain forest; 400-500 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Slender, clustering palm of the undergrowth. STEMS to 1 m. tall, 6-10 mm in diam., internodes 12-25 mm in diam., bearing scattered brown scales. LEAVES 6-7 in crown; sheaths 9-12 x 0.8 cm., tardily abscising, ± marcescent, striate, with scattered punctiform scales, auricles small, membranous, soon tattering; petiole 4-23 cm., about 2 mm. wide, ± triangular in cross section; blade entire bifid, distinctly plicate on drying, 28-50 cm, deeply cleft to about three quarters of the overall length, the two lobes 20-40 x 1.5-3 cm., occasionally one lobe further divided into 2 narrow leaflets, segment tips shallowly lobed, adaxially with scattered punctiform scales, abaxially paler and with abundant brown punctiform scales. INFLORESCENCES interfoliar, erect or curved, branched to 1 order only; peduncle 15-32 cm. long, about 1-2 mm in diam., sparsely covered with red scales in exposed portion; prophyll 10-25 x 0.5 cm., membranous, sparsely scaly; peduncular bract inserted far above and exceeding the prophyll by 5.5-9 cm., otherwise similar; rachis 3.5-10 cm., densely brown hairy; rachillae 5-9, inserted at right angles, 1-3 cm. long, about 2 mm in diam.; rachilla bracts inconspicuous, about 0.5 x 1 mm., almost entirely obscured by dense red-brown hairs. {{read more top}}STAMINATE FLOWER buds about 1 mm in diam., spherical; sepals 3, free, imbricate, rounded, about 0.6 mm in diam., striate, irregularly cleft at margin; petals ± free, longitudinally striate, broad triangular, valvate, 0.8 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide at the very base; stamens 3 antesepalous, filaments united in a ring 0.2 mm high, free part 0.2 mm long, anthers didymous, about 0.2 x 0.1 mm, introrse; pistillode conical, minute. PISTILLATE FLOWERS globular; sepals broad, imbricate, 1 x 1 mm., margins erose; petals striate, valvate at tips, irregularly imbricate at base, about 1.5 x 1.5 mm.; staminodes 3, minute; ovary about 1 mm in diam. FRUIT, not examined. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This species is closely related to D. zahamenae from which it can be distinguished by the blade being narrow, and divided to three quarters rather than one third of its length, by the inflorescence rachis, being usually more elongate with more distant rachillae, by the rachilla bracts being inconspicuous and, almost entirely obscured by hairs, rather than being large and conspicuous, and by the staminate flower buds being rounded rather than pointed, with striate rather than smooth shining petals. In all but one collection (one of the two specimens collected under Beentje 4494) there is a well developed long petiole, whereas in D. zahamenae the petiole is usually very short or absent. Previously considered to be a variety of D. humbertii (= D. zahamenae) we consider it to be sufficiently distinct to be elevated to a specific rank. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
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==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Now here is a Palm that has been sold under the Name Dypsis louvelii, there are a few species that as seedlings it's very hard to impossible to tell apart from Dypsis louvelii, the first is Dypsis Pulchella with this species even when they are mature it's near impossible to tell this species from louvelii unless you look at the flowers and the stamens, then you have Dypsis mocquerysana these look very simular as small plants as well. Then we have Dypsis angustifolia this seems to have at least two forms the thin leaf form as listed in Palms of Madagascar and a broader leaf form, which can have a reddish new leaf as well...! This is what has been sold as Louvelii in the last few years so you just might want to check your plants, unfortunately you will not be able to tell that it's not Louvelii until they start to clump, and then once they flower you can be 100% sure of what you have, so i will list some photos here of the inflorescence of Dypsis angustifolia and some of the habitat photos of the mature plants so all can see what these plants are going to grow into, not all of these will have new reddish new leaves but they will all clump and they do all look to be this broader leaf form. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
A diminutive palm of the forest undergrowth, known from Betampona and environs northeast of Toamasina. This is one of three species of Dypsis that have highly condensed inflorescences with very short fat flower-bearing branches that appear almost catkin-like. The species name is Latin for having narrow leaves.<br />
<br />
"Dypsis angustifolia, this is the true form with thin entire bifid leaves, which the species was named after, that always has a green new leaf with this form. This species has an inflorescence simular to that of some of the Calyptrocalyx... being that it can have up to what looks like 4 sperate peduncle/rachilla emerging from behind each leaf sheath which are joined at the base of the inflorescence (see photo), like what is seen in some of the calyptrocalyx species. It's a very easy species to grow and has quite thick leaves so it would probably tolerate colder conditions than it receives here with temps down to 2 to 3C, and still looks like it is actively growing in our winter months, this plant is quite old so they do not take up much room and could be grown as an indoor potted plant for most of it's life in the right conditions with out any problems, much like a Chamaedorea palm." (Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads), See photos 'true form' below.<br />
<br />
"Dypsis angustifolia broad leaf form, now here is a form of a species that does not live up to its name.! <br />
This Palm has been sold under the Name Dypsis louvelii, there are a few species that as seedlings it's very hard to impossible to tell apart from Dypsis louvelii, here are just a few the first is Dypsis Pulchella with this species even when they are mature it's near impossible to tell this species from louvelii unless you look at the flowers and the stamens, then you have Dypsis mocquerysana these look very simular as small plants as well. Then we have Dypsis angustifolia this seems to have at least two forms the thin leaf form as listed in Palms of Madagascar and a broader leaf form, which can have a reddish new leaf as well...! This is what has been sold as Louvelii in the last few years so you just might want to check your plants, unfortunately you will not be able to tell that it's not Louvelii until they start to clump, and then once they flower you can be 100% sure of what you have, so i will list some photos here of the inflorescence of Dypsis angustifolia and some of the habitat photos of the mature plants so all can see what these plants are going to grow into, not all of these will have new reddish new leaves but they will all clump and they do all look to be this broader leaf form, which I thought was lost quite a few years back when a large section of bush was cleared with this broad leaf form in it, but this form although I only have a few plants from this old locality did not seem to have this new red leaf like the ones from this new locality. So here are some habitat photos of Dypsis angustifolia with the broad leaves and also a broad leaf form, that gets a new red leaf." (Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads), See photos 'Broad leaf form that has new red leaf, and var. NO new red leaf' below.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Endangered; occurring in two sites in low numbers. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:B210db24-523d-4913-a96c-58637f30b8d3z.jpg|Near Foulpointe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:D886b265-85db-4cd3-99b0-4e4a56cbc39ez.jpg|Foulpointe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:318ae0b2-faa6-44d6-ad98-4b17ea0fc2e3z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:A9b91aeb-2b46-4634-9469-af16f79b3297z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:DaIMG_0418_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0420_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0421_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4654_Dypsis_angustifolia.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4678_Dypsis_angustifolia_.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4685_Dypsis_angustifolia_inflorescence.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0360_Dypsis_angustifolia_with_coloured_leafz.jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0361_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form..jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0362_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4658_Dypsis_angustifolia.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4659_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4661_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4662_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4663_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Madagascar. Broad leaf form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4664_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Madagascar. Broad leaf form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
Image:Dypsis Angustifolia broad leaf form..JPG|Madagascar. Broadleaf Form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
Image:DYPSIS AUGUSTIFOLIA IMG 2537.JPG|Common Form with Thin Bifid Leaves.<br />
image:Angustifoliaz.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Angustifolia02z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:20130806_120758_(600x800)wal.jpg|8/4/2013, Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:DypAngz.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:DypAng2z.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*[http://www.utopiapalmsandcycads.com/DYPSISangustifoliaboardleafform.htm Utopia Palms & Cycads, GREAT PHOTOS!]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
*[http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:Palms_of_Madagascar SUB CATEGORY PALMS OF MADAGASCAR]<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|angustifolia]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_angusta
Dypsis angusta
2023-02-14T18:02:53Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis angusta to Dypsis angustifolia over redirect</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Dypsis angustifolia]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_angustifolia
Dypsis angustifolia
2023-02-14T18:01:18Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis angustifolia to Dypsis angusta</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=DYPSIS AUGUSTIFOLIA IMG 2537.JPG<br />
|image_caption=Common Form with Thin Bifid Leaves.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>angustifolia <br>(ahn-GÛS-tih-foh-LEE-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=Bifid<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names= butterfly palm<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
''Dypsis angustifolia'' is endemic to Madagascar. Central part of East Coast lowlands, [[Image:Dypsis Angustifolia broad leaf form..JPG|thumb|left|450px|Madagascar. Broadleaf Form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.]]Betampona and environs, northeast of Toamasina. Lowland rain forest; 400-500 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Slender, clustering palm of the undergrowth. STEMS to 1 m. tall, 6-10 mm in diam., internodes 12-25 mm in diam., bearing scattered brown scales. LEAVES 6-7 in crown; sheaths 9-12 x 0.8 cm., tardily abscising, ± marcescent, striate, with scattered punctiform scales, auricles small, membranous, soon tattering; petiole 4-23 cm., about 2 mm. wide, ± triangular in cross section; blade entire bifid, distinctly plicate on drying, 28-50 cm, deeply cleft to about three quarters of the overall length, the two lobes 20-40 x 1.5-3 cm., occasionally one lobe further divided into 2 narrow leaflets, segment tips shallowly lobed, adaxially with scattered punctiform scales, abaxially paler and with abundant brown punctiform scales. INFLORESCENCES interfoliar, erect or curved, branched to 1 order only; peduncle 15-32 cm. long, about 1-2 mm in diam., sparsely covered with red scales in exposed portion; prophyll 10-25 x 0.5 cm., membranous, sparsely scaly; peduncular bract inserted far above and exceeding the prophyll by 5.5-9 cm., otherwise similar; rachis 3.5-10 cm., densely brown hairy; rachillae 5-9, inserted at right angles, 1-3 cm. long, about 2 mm in diam.; rachilla bracts inconspicuous, about 0.5 x 1 mm., almost entirely obscured by dense red-brown hairs. {{read more top}}STAMINATE FLOWER buds about 1 mm in diam., spherical; sepals 3, free, imbricate, rounded, about 0.6 mm in diam., striate, irregularly cleft at margin; petals ± free, longitudinally striate, broad triangular, valvate, 0.8 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide at the very base; stamens 3 antesepalous, filaments united in a ring 0.2 mm high, free part 0.2 mm long, anthers didymous, about 0.2 x 0.1 mm, introrse; pistillode conical, minute. PISTILLATE FLOWERS globular; sepals broad, imbricate, 1 x 1 mm., margins erose; petals striate, valvate at tips, irregularly imbricate at base, about 1.5 x 1.5 mm.; staminodes 3, minute; ovary about 1 mm in diam. FRUIT, not examined. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This species is closely related to D. zahamenae from which it can be distinguished by the blade being narrow, and divided to three quarters rather than one third of its length, by the inflorescence rachis, being usually more elongate with more distant rachillae, by the rachilla bracts being inconspicuous and, almost entirely obscured by hairs, rather than being large and conspicuous, and by the staminate flower buds being rounded rather than pointed, with striate rather than smooth shining petals. In all but one collection (one of the two specimens collected under Beentje 4494) there is a well developed long petiole, whereas in D. zahamenae the petiole is usually very short or absent. Previously considered to be a variety of D. humbertii (= D. zahamenae) we consider it to be sufficiently distinct to be elevated to a specific rank. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
{{read more bottom}}<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Now here is a Palm that has been sold under the Name Dypsis louvelii, there are a few species that as seedlings it's very hard to impossible to tell apart from Dypsis louvelii, the first is Dypsis Pulchella with this species even when they are mature it's near impossible to tell this species from louvelii unless you look at the flowers and the stamens, then you have Dypsis mocquerysana these look very simular as small plants as well. Then we have Dypsis angustifolia this seems to have at least two forms the thin leaf form as listed in Palms of Madagascar and a broader leaf form, which can have a reddish new leaf as well...! This is what has been sold as Louvelii in the last few years so you just might want to check your plants, unfortunately you will not be able to tell that it's not Louvelii until they start to clump, and then once they flower you can be 100% sure of what you have, so i will list some photos here of the inflorescence of Dypsis angustifolia and some of the habitat photos of the mature plants so all can see what these plants are going to grow into, not all of these will have new reddish new leaves but they will all clump and they do all look to be this broader leaf form. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
{{read more top}}<br />
A diminutive palm of the forest undergrowth, known from Betampona and environs northeast of Toamasina. This is one of three species of Dypsis that have highly condensed inflorescences with very short fat flower-bearing branches that appear almost catkin-like. The species name is Latin for having narrow leaves.<br />
<br />
"Dypsis angustifolia, this is the true form with thin entire bifid leaves, which the species was named after, that always has a green new leaf with this form. This species has an inflorescence simular to that of some of the Calyptrocalyx... being that it can have up to what looks like 4 sperate peduncle/rachilla emerging from behind each leaf sheath which are joined at the base of the inflorescence (see photo), like what is seen in some of the calyptrocalyx species. It's a very easy species to grow and has quite thick leaves so it would probably tolerate colder conditions than it receives here with temps down to 2 to 3C, and still looks like it is actively growing in our winter months, this plant is quite old so they do not take up much room and could be grown as an indoor potted plant for most of it's life in the right conditions with out any problems, much like a Chamaedorea palm." (Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads), See photos 'true form' below.<br />
<br />
"Dypsis angustifolia broad leaf form, now here is a form of a species that does not live up to its name.! <br />
This Palm has been sold under the Name Dypsis louvelii, there are a few species that as seedlings it's very hard to impossible to tell apart from Dypsis louvelii, here are just a few the first is Dypsis Pulchella with this species even when they are mature it's near impossible to tell this species from louvelii unless you look at the flowers and the stamens, then you have Dypsis mocquerysana these look very simular as small plants as well. Then we have Dypsis angustifolia this seems to have at least two forms the thin leaf form as listed in Palms of Madagascar and a broader leaf form, which can have a reddish new leaf as well...! This is what has been sold as Louvelii in the last few years so you just might want to check your plants, unfortunately you will not be able to tell that it's not Louvelii until they start to clump, and then once they flower you can be 100% sure of what you have, so i will list some photos here of the inflorescence of Dypsis angustifolia and some of the habitat photos of the mature plants so all can see what these plants are going to grow into, not all of these will have new reddish new leaves but they will all clump and they do all look to be this broader leaf form, which I thought was lost quite a few years back when a large section of bush was cleared with this broad leaf form in it, but this form although I only have a few plants from this old locality did not seem to have this new red leaf like the ones from this new locality. So here are some habitat photos of Dypsis angustifolia with the broad leaves and also a broad leaf form, that gets a new red leaf." (Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads), See photos 'Broad leaf form that has new red leaf, and var. NO new red leaf' below.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Endangered; occurring in two sites in low numbers. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:B210db24-523d-4913-a96c-58637f30b8d3z.jpg|Near Foulpointe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:D886b265-85db-4cd3-99b0-4e4a56cbc39ez.jpg|Foulpointe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:318ae0b2-faa6-44d6-ad98-4b17ea0fc2e3z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:A9b91aeb-2b46-4634-9469-af16f79b3297z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:DaIMG_0418_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0420_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0421_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4654_Dypsis_angustifolia.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4678_Dypsis_angustifolia_.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4685_Dypsis_angustifolia_inflorescence.JPG|Madagascar. True form, entire bifid leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0360_Dypsis_angustifolia_with_coloured_leafz.jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0361_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form..jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:DaIMG_0362_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Madagascar. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4658_Dypsis_angustifolia.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4659_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4661_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_formz.jpg|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4662_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Sunshine Coast Queensland Australia. Broad leaf form gets divisions in leaf blade, gets new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4663_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Madagascar. Broad leaf form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Resized_IMG_4664_Dypsis_angustifolia_broad_leaf_form.JPG|Madagascar. Broad leaf form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
Image:Dypsis Angustifolia broad leaf form..JPG|Madagascar. Broadleaf Form, gets divisions in leaf blade, gets NO new red leaf. Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
Image:DYPSIS AUGUSTIFOLIA IMG 2537.JPG|Common Form with Thin Bifid Leaves.<br />
image:Angustifoliaz.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:Angustifolia02z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
image:20130806_120758_(600x800)wal.jpg|8/4/2013, Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal.<br />
image:DypAngz.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:DypAng2z.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
image:<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*[http://www.utopiapalmsandcycads.com/DYPSISangustifoliaboardleafform.htm Utopia Palms & Cycads, GREAT PHOTOS!]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
*[http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:Palms_of_Madagascar SUB CATEGORY PALMS OF MADAGASCAR]<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|angustifolia]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_vonitrandambo
Vonitra vonitrandambo
2023-02-14T18:00:09Z
<p>Joaocosta: re classification</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Masoala Peninsula, madagascar22.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>vonitrandambo <br>(vohn-ih-trahn-DAHM-bo)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Northeast Madagascar, known only from Sahamalaza, on the eastern side of the Masoala Peninsula. [[File:Dypsis vonitrandambo1.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.]]Lowland forest on granite, valley bottom, streamside; 25 m. elev.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary palm. Trunk to 1 m high, about 5 cm in diam., entirely covered by persistent fibres (piassava) about 5 cm, the fibres large, short, not pendulous; trunk supported by stilt roots to 50 cm above ground. Leaves 7- 10 in the crown; sheaths up to 20 cm long with fibrous margins, not forming a crownshaft; petiole 60 - 100 cm long, densely rusty-scaly, adaxially channelled with sharp edges, abaxially ridged; rachis 70 . 90 cm long, in mid-leaf 5.7 x 4 mm in diam., scaly, strongly keeled; emerging leaflets deep reddish brown, soon becoming green; leaflets regularly arranged, about 9 on each side of the rachis, bright green, leaflets broad, lanceolate, the proximal 50- 55 x 3-3.2 cm, the median 72- 80 x 5.5- 7 cm, the distal 12- 27 x 1.5- 7 cm, main veins 3 -6, punctiform scales present on the margins and at the leaflet insertion, apices attenuate. Inflorescence interfoliar, erect, emerging from among the fibrous mass of piassava, branched to 1 order; peduncle 65 - 80 cm long, proximally 5- 6 x 3- 5 mm in diam., distally 2- 5 x 1.5- 4 mm in diam., green, with few scattered reddish scales distally; prophyll not seen; peduncular bract inserted at 25 - 40 cm from the base, 30- 45 cm long, pale brown with many patches of dense reddish scales, persistent, with an apical beak 2. - 2.5 cm; rachis 5. - 8 cm long, scaly, with 13 - 18 branches; rachillae 11 - 22 cm long, 1.2 mm in diam., densely scaly, triads distant. Staminate flowers with sepals 0.6 - 1 x 0.8 -1.2 mm, asymmetrical; petals 1.4 - 1.8 x 0.6- 0.8 mm; stamens 6, biseriate; 3 antesepalous sessile, 3 antepetalous with filaments 0.6. - 0.8 mm long; anthers about 0.1 x 0.2 mm; pistillode 0.9 - 1 x 0.5- 0.7 mm. Pistillate flowers with sepals 0.6-0.8 x 0.8- 1 mm, asymmetrical; petals 1.2- 1.4 x 1- 1.2 mm; gynoecium about 1.2 x 0.6 mm. Fruits young,black, obovoid, about 6 x 5 mm. (M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
This species belongs to the ??Vonitra? group (Group 16 of Dransfield & Beentje 1995) where the species tend to be very finely differentiated (see Dransfield & Beentje 1995). It is close to Dypsis pusilla but differs by having fewer but strikingly broader leaflets on the rachis, and much more robust inflorescences that bear fewer rachillae. D. pusilla is confined to lowland forest around the Bay of Antongil, from the west coast of the Masoala Peninsula to Antanambe, whereas D. vonitrandambo is restricted to the eastern side of the Masoala Peninsula. The species epithet is based on the vernacular name. (M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable [VU (D2)], restricted to the eastern part of the Masoala Peninsula and known only from an area less than 10 km2, within the boundary of the National Park. <br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="300px" heights="300px"mode="packed"><br />
File:Dypsis vonitrandambo1.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Masoala Peninsula, madagascar22.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados90.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados34.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados77.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados44.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados88.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
<br />
<br />
File:dv436649966.JPG|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric. <br />
Edit by João Santos Costa<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|vonitrandambo]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_vonitrandambo
Vonitra vonitrandambo
2023-02-14T17:59:21Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis vonitrandambo to Vonitra vonitrandambo</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Masoala Peninsula, madagascar22.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis) <br />
|species=<br>vonitrandambo <br>(vohn-ih-trahn-DAHM-bo)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=america<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Northeast Madagascar, known only from Sahamalaza, on the eastern side of the Masoala Peninsula. [[File:Dypsis vonitrandambo1.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.]]Lowland forest on granite, valley bottom, streamside; 25 m. elev.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary palm. Trunk to 1 m high, about 5 cm in diam., entirely covered by persistent fibres (piassava) about 5 cm, the fibres large, short, not pendulous; trunk supported by stilt roots to 50 cm above ground. Leaves 7- 10 in the crown; sheaths up to 20 cm long with fibrous margins, not forming a crownshaft; petiole 60 - 100 cm long, densely rusty-scaly, adaxially channelled with sharp edges, abaxially ridged; rachis 70 . 90 cm long, in mid-leaf 5.7 x 4 mm in diam., scaly, strongly keeled; emerging leaflets deep reddish brown, soon becoming green; leaflets regularly arranged, about 9 on each side of the rachis, bright green, leaflets broad, lanceolate, the proximal 50- 55 x 3-3.2 cm, the median 72- 80 x 5.5- 7 cm, the distal 12- 27 x 1.5- 7 cm, main veins 3 -6, punctiform scales present on the margins and at the leaflet insertion, apices attenuate. Inflorescence interfoliar, erect, emerging from among the fibrous mass of piassava, branched to 1 order; peduncle 65 - 80 cm long, proximally 5- 6 x 3- 5 mm in diam., distally 2- 5 x 1.5- 4 mm in diam., green, with few scattered reddish scales distally; prophyll not seen; peduncular bract inserted at 25 - 40 cm from the base, 30- 45 cm long, pale brown with many patches of dense reddish scales, persistent, with an apical beak 2. - 2.5 cm; rachis 5. - 8 cm long, scaly, with 13 - 18 branches; rachillae 11 - 22 cm long, 1.2 mm in diam., densely scaly, triads distant. Staminate flowers with sepals 0.6 - 1 x 0.8 -1.2 mm, asymmetrical; petals 1.4 - 1.8 x 0.6- 0.8 mm; stamens 6, biseriate; 3 antesepalous sessile, 3 antepetalous with filaments 0.6. - 0.8 mm long; anthers about 0.1 x 0.2 mm; pistillode 0.9 - 1 x 0.5- 0.7 mm. Pistillate flowers with sepals 0.6-0.8 x 0.8- 1 mm, asymmetrical; petals 1.2- 1.4 x 1- 1.2 mm; gynoecium about 1.2 x 0.6 mm. Fruits young,black, obovoid, about 6 x 5 mm. (M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
This species belongs to the ??Vonitra? group (Group 16 of Dransfield & Beentje 1995) where the species tend to be very finely differentiated (see Dransfield & Beentje 1995). It is close to Dypsis pusilla but differs by having fewer but strikingly broader leaflets on the rachis, and much more robust inflorescences that bear fewer rachillae. D. pusilla is confined to lowland forest around the Bay of Antongil, from the west coast of the Masoala Peninsula to Antanambe, whereas D. vonitrandambo is restricted to the eastern side of the Masoala Peninsula. The species epithet is based on the vernacular name. (M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable [VU (D2)], restricted to the eastern part of the Masoala Peninsula and known only from an area less than 10 km2, within the boundary of the National Park. <br />
<br />
<br style="clear:both;"/><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="300px" heights="300px"mode="packed"><br />
File:Dypsis vonitrandambo1.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Masoala Peninsula, madagascar22.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados90.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados34.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados77.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados44.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
File:Romer Rabarijaona, Algunos derechos reservados88.jpg|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona, Curator, Madagascar Conservation Centre, Royal Botanics Garden, Kew.<br />
<br />
<br />
File:dv436649966.JPG|Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric. <br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
M. Rakotoarinivo & J. Dransfield, New species of Dypsis and Ravenea (Arecaceae) from Madagascar in Kew Bulletin 65. 2010<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|vonitrandambo]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_vonitrandambo
Dypsis vonitrandambo
2023-02-14T17:59:21Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis vonitrandambo to Vonitra vonitrandambo</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra vonitrandambo]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_utilis
Vonitra utilis
2023-02-14T17:58:44Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>__noeditsection__<br />
"Water Vonitra Palm"</big><br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=100_3729billaustin.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=utilis (YOO-tihl-iss)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary, but often cespitose.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra or Vonitrandrano (water vonitra).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to East Madagascar. Streamsides in swamp forest or moist forest, [[image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Hawaii, photo by BGL]]gregarious; alt. 950- 1000 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Robust palm, solitary, but often several specimens in a clump. TRUNK 6-17 m high, branching dichotomously 2-3 times at 9-11 m above the ground, the branches closely parallel, 25-37 cm. in diam., near crown about 18 cm. in diam.; internodes 7-9 cm; bark light brown; wood soft, pinkish-white, moist; crown untidy with pale brown pendulous fibre. LEAVES 13-14 per crown, with the dead leaves marcescent, 4-5 m, erect to porrect, often held on edge; sheath fibrous, about 80 cm long, brown-grey tomentose, with fibrous wings about 4.3 cm wide each, with opposite the petiole a light brown fibrous tongue about 50 cm long; petiole 45-100 cm (to 185 cm in young trees), proximally about 5 x 2.5 cm, distally 2-4.2 x 1.1-1.5 cm, flat adaxially or slightly convex, convex abaxially, with sharp edges, with scattered scales, glabrescent; rachis 2.8-3.8 m, 1.5-1.9 x 1-1.3 cm in mid-leaf, keeled, straw-brown, with scattered pale or dark red scales; leaflets 65-73 on each side of the rachis, in one plane, regular, bright green, stiff, attenuate, the proximal ones 64-82 x 1.2-2 cm, median 77-92 x 3.1-4.8 cm (interval 4-4.5 cm), distal 18-47 x 1-1.8 cm, ramenta few, redbrown, quite large, abaxial on the midrib, main veins 2 on each side of the midrib and main veins, prominent abaxially, young leaves reddish. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar to infrafoliar, up to 20 per tree (in two crowns) in all stages from closed and erect to x old fruiting stage (pendent); branching to 3 orders (rarely to 2 orders?); peduncle 125-135 cm, proximally 3.3 x 2.5 cm, distally x 2 cm, green, glabrous, curved; prophyll dark brown, 25-70 cm long, 6.5 x 2.5 cm. in diam., split at the apex; peduncular bract 154-191 x cm, green turning mid-brown, adaxially redbrown and smooth, densely scaly but soon glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, beaked for about 7 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; rachis about 62 cm long, somewhat angled, the branches bulbous at their bases; first order branches (number unclear) proximally 1.4-1.5 x 0.5-0.7 cm; rachillae pendulous, coral-pink in bud but turning pale green, 69-91 cm long, 2.5-5 mm in diam., glabrous or nearly so; triads distant, spirally arranged, slightly sunken in pits; buds yellowgreen to reddish brown, slightly trigonous. STAMINATE FLOWERS purplish or reddish at anthesis, with sepals 2-2.2 x 3.5-5 mm, unequal, the outermost smallest, fleshy, hooded; petals 2.7-2.8 x mm, fleshy, ovate, acute; stamens 6, biseriate, didymous, the outermost inserted slightly lower than the inner, filaments 0.8-1 mm, anthers dorsifix, 0.6-0.8 mm; pistillode about 1.5 x 0.8 mm, bottle-shaped, showing stamen indentations. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 3- x 3.5-8.5 mm, unequal, hooded, the innermost largest and enveloping the bud for some 270°; petals 3.5-4.5 x 5-7 mm, orbicular, imbricate, unequal, the innermost largest; ovary 3.5-3.8 x 2.5-3 mm, slightly asymmetric with an indistinct trigonous apex; staminodes 0.6- 0.8 mm, flat, tooth-shaped. FRUIT dull green turning purplish brown or black, globose-ellipsoid or obovoid, 17-28 x 14 -20 mm, with persistent petals about 6 mm long; endocarp fibrous. SEED about 23 mm x 16 mm, pointed at the base, rounded at the apex, with ruminate endosperm, the ruminations many, slightly irregular, and almost reaching the middle of the seed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This is the most robust member of the "Vonitra" group. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, very moist position.<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_utilis]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is an upland palm, closely related to D. crinita, but even larger in all its parts, and with inflorescences branched to three rather than two orders. It has been seen near Analamazaotra (in fact there is a much photographed specimen opposite the station hotel at Andasibe; see photo below) and at Ranomafana. Sometimes cited as being critically endangered, this may not be so rare as was originally thought. The Latin name means 'useful', a reference to the piassava produced by the leaves and formerly exported for rope production. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. Restricted to only a few sites; numbers thought to be low. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
Uses: The palmheart is eaten, and the fruit pulp is sugary and also consumed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
A robust palm that grows along streamsides in moist forest or swamp forest in the highlands of central eastern Madagascar close to 1000 m (3000 ft.) a.s.l. It produces a thick, solitary or clustering trunk that branches high above ground. The somewhat untidy, upright crown consists of numerous, long, arching, pinnate leaves. The leafbases produce copious amounts of piassava fibers that clothe the upper part of the trunk and that have been used for rope production. The sizeable, purplish to black fruits are said to be edible. An interesting and very unusual palm for the tropical and warm temperate/subtropical garden. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:100_3729billaustin.jpg|Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
image:Utilisrk.jpg|Sri Lanka Botanical Gardens. Notice the branching trunk. Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:9c1e3aa0-651d-47ee-b7a3-c4054c43b16d.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Utilis01rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis02rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis03rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Dypsisutilis9.jpg|San Diego Zoo, CA.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_u(2).jpg<br />
image:DypsisUtilis7.png<br />
image:Dyputilkim.jpg|Jim Wright's garden in San Diego, photo by Kim<br />
image:P6130022brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:P6180024brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv1bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv3bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:PA100213tyrone.jpg|Perth Western Australia, photo by Tyrone<br />
image:D6939c.jpg|Palm Bch. FL.<br />
image:021537.jpg|Ho'omaluhia Botanical Gardens, Hawaii.<br />
image:5ae425hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:98a34ehawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:450849hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:F3f2bfsocal.jpg|SoCal.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_red_leaf_01_12-21-10.JPG|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palmbeachpalmcycadsociety.com/palms/documents/DypsisUtilis.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|utilis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_utilis
Vonitra utilis
2023-02-14T17:58:09Z
<p>Joaocosta: re classification</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=100_3729billaustin.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=utilis (YOO-tihl-iss)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary, but often cespitose.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra or Vonitrandrano (water vonitra).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to East Madagascar. Streamsides in swamp forest or moist forest, [[image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Hawaii, photo by BGL]]gregarious; alt. 950- 1000 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Robust palm, solitary, but often several specimens in a clump. TRUNK 6-17 m high, branching dichotomously 2-3 times at 9-11 m above the ground, the branches closely parallel, 25-37 cm. in diam., near crown about 18 cm. in diam.; internodes 7-9 cm; bark light brown; wood soft, pinkish-white, moist; crown untidy with pale brown pendulous fibre. LEAVES 13-14 per crown, with the dead leaves marcescent, 4-5 m, erect to porrect, often held on edge; sheath fibrous, about 80 cm long, brown-grey tomentose, with fibrous wings about 4.3 cm wide each, with opposite the petiole a light brown fibrous tongue about 50 cm long; petiole 45-100 cm (to 185 cm in young trees), proximally about 5 x 2.5 cm, distally 2-4.2 x 1.1-1.5 cm, flat adaxially or slightly convex, convex abaxially, with sharp edges, with scattered scales, glabrescent; rachis 2.8-3.8 m, 1.5-1.9 x 1-1.3 cm in mid-leaf, keeled, straw-brown, with scattered pale or dark red scales; leaflets 65-73 on each side of the rachis, in one plane, regular, bright green, stiff, attenuate, the proximal ones 64-82 x 1.2-2 cm, median 77-92 x 3.1-4.8 cm (interval 4-4.5 cm), distal 18-47 x 1-1.8 cm, ramenta few, redbrown, quite large, abaxial on the midrib, main veins 2 on each side of the midrib and main veins, prominent abaxially, young leaves reddish. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar to infrafoliar, up to 20 per tree (in two crowns) in all stages from closed and erect to x old fruiting stage (pendent); branching to 3 orders (rarely to 2 orders?); peduncle 125-135 cm, proximally 3.3 x 2.5 cm, distally x 2 cm, green, glabrous, curved; prophyll dark brown, 25-70 cm long, 6.5 x 2.5 cm. in diam., split at the apex; peduncular bract 154-191 x cm, green turning mid-brown, adaxially redbrown and smooth, densely scaly but soon glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, beaked for about 7 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; rachis about 62 cm long, somewhat angled, the branches bulbous at their bases; first order branches (number unclear) proximally 1.4-1.5 x 0.5-0.7 cm; rachillae pendulous, coral-pink in bud but turning pale green, 69-91 cm long, 2.5-5 mm in diam., glabrous or nearly so; triads distant, spirally arranged, slightly sunken in pits; buds yellowgreen to reddish brown, slightly trigonous. STAMINATE FLOWERS purplish or reddish at anthesis, with sepals 2-2.2 x 3.5-5 mm, unequal, the outermost smallest, fleshy, hooded; petals 2.7-2.8 x mm, fleshy, ovate, acute; stamens 6, biseriate, didymous, the outermost inserted slightly lower than the inner, filaments 0.8-1 mm, anthers dorsifix, 0.6-0.8 mm; pistillode about 1.5 x 0.8 mm, bottle-shaped, showing stamen indentations. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 3- x 3.5-8.5 mm, unequal, hooded, the innermost largest and enveloping the bud for some 270°; petals 3.5-4.5 x 5-7 mm, orbicular, imbricate, unequal, the innermost largest; ovary 3.5-3.8 x 2.5-3 mm, slightly asymmetric with an indistinct trigonous apex; staminodes 0.6- 0.8 mm, flat, tooth-shaped. FRUIT dull green turning purplish brown or black, globose-ellipsoid or obovoid, 17-28 x 14 -20 mm, with persistent petals about 6 mm long; endocarp fibrous. SEED about 23 mm x 16 mm, pointed at the base, rounded at the apex, with ruminate endosperm, the ruminations many, slightly irregular, and almost reaching the middle of the seed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This is the most robust member of the "Vonitra" group. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, very moist position.<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_utilis]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is an upland palm, closely related to D. crinita, but even larger in all its parts, and with inflorescences branched to three rather than two orders. It has been seen near Analamazaotra (in fact there is a much photographed specimen opposite the station hotel at Andasibe; see photo below) and at Ranomafana. Sometimes cited as being critically endangered, this may not be so rare as was originally thought. The Latin name means 'useful', a reference to the piassava produced by the leaves and formerly exported for rope production. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. Restricted to only a few sites; numbers thought to be low. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
Uses: The palmheart is eaten, and the fruit pulp is sugary and also consumed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
A robust palm that grows along streamsides in moist forest or swamp forest in the highlands of central eastern Madagascar close to 1000 m (3000 ft.) a.s.l. It produces a thick, solitary or clustering trunk that branches high above ground. The somewhat untidy, upright crown consists of numerous, long, arching, pinnate leaves. The leafbases produce copious amounts of piassava fibers that clothe the upper part of the trunk and that have been used for rope production. The sizeable, purplish to black fruits are said to be edible. An interesting and very unusual palm for the tropical and warm temperate/subtropical garden. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:100_3729billaustin.jpg|Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
image:Utilisrk.jpg|Sri Lanka Botanical Gardens. Notice the branching trunk. Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:9c1e3aa0-651d-47ee-b7a3-c4054c43b16d.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Utilis01rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis02rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis03rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Dypsisutilis9.jpg|San Diego Zoo, CA.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_u(2).jpg<br />
image:DypsisUtilis7.png<br />
image:Dyputilkim.jpg|Jim Wright's garden in San Diego, photo by Kim<br />
image:P6130022brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:P6180024brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv1bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv3bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:PA100213tyrone.jpg|Perth Western Australia, photo by Tyrone<br />
image:D6939c.jpg|Palm Bch. FL.<br />
image:021537.jpg|Ho'omaluhia Botanical Gardens, Hawaii.<br />
image:5ae425hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:98a34ehawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:450849hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:F3f2bfsocal.jpg|SoCal.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_red_leaf_01_12-21-10.JPG|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palmbeachpalmcycadsociety.com/palms/documents/DypsisUtilis.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|utilis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_utilis
Vonitra utilis
2023-02-14T17:57:26Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis utilis to Vonitra utilis</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=100_3729billaustin.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=utilis (YOO-tihl-iss)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary, but often cespitose.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra or Vonitrandrano (water vonitra).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to East Madagascar. Streamsides in swamp forest or moist forest, [[image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Hawaii, photo by BGL]]gregarious; alt. 950- 1000 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Robust palm, solitary, but often several specimens in a clump. TRUNK 6-17 m high, branching dichotomously 2-3 times at 9-11 m above the ground, the branches closely parallel, 25-37 cm. in diam., near crown about 18 cm. in diam.; internodes 7-9 cm; bark light brown; wood soft, pinkish-white, moist; crown untidy with pale brown pendulous fibre. LEAVES 13-14 per crown, with the dead leaves marcescent, 4-5 m, erect to porrect, often held on edge; sheath fibrous, about 80 cm long, brown-grey tomentose, with fibrous wings about 4.3 cm wide each, with opposite the petiole a light brown fibrous tongue about 50 cm long; petiole 45-100 cm (to 185 cm in young trees), proximally about 5 x 2.5 cm, distally 2-4.2 x 1.1-1.5 cm, flat adaxially or slightly convex, convex abaxially, with sharp edges, with scattered scales, glabrescent; rachis 2.8-3.8 m, 1.5-1.9 x 1-1.3 cm in mid-leaf, keeled, straw-brown, with scattered pale or dark red scales; leaflets 65-73 on each side of the rachis, in one plane, regular, bright green, stiff, attenuate, the proximal ones 64-82 x 1.2-2 cm, median 77-92 x 3.1-4.8 cm (interval 4-4.5 cm), distal 18-47 x 1-1.8 cm, ramenta few, redbrown, quite large, abaxial on the midrib, main veins 2 on each side of the midrib and main veins, prominent abaxially, young leaves reddish. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar to infrafoliar, up to 20 per tree (in two crowns) in all stages from closed and erect to x old fruiting stage (pendent); branching to 3 orders (rarely to 2 orders?); peduncle 125-135 cm, proximally 3.3 x 2.5 cm, distally x 2 cm, green, glabrous, curved; prophyll dark brown, 25-70 cm long, 6.5 x 2.5 cm. in diam., split at the apex; peduncular bract 154-191 x cm, green turning mid-brown, adaxially redbrown and smooth, densely scaly but soon glabrescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, beaked for about 7 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; rachis about 62 cm long, somewhat angled, the branches bulbous at their bases; first order branches (number unclear) proximally 1.4-1.5 x 0.5-0.7 cm; rachillae pendulous, coral-pink in bud but turning pale green, 69-91 cm long, 2.5-5 mm in diam., glabrous or nearly so; triads distant, spirally arranged, slightly sunken in pits; buds yellowgreen to reddish brown, slightly trigonous. STAMINATE FLOWERS purplish or reddish at anthesis, with sepals 2-2.2 x 3.5-5 mm, unequal, the outermost smallest, fleshy, hooded; petals 2.7-2.8 x mm, fleshy, ovate, acute; stamens 6, biseriate, didymous, the outermost inserted slightly lower than the inner, filaments 0.8-1 mm, anthers dorsifix, 0.6-0.8 mm; pistillode about 1.5 x 0.8 mm, bottle-shaped, showing stamen indentations. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 3- x 3.5-8.5 mm, unequal, hooded, the innermost largest and enveloping the bud for some 270°; petals 3.5-4.5 x 5-7 mm, orbicular, imbricate, unequal, the innermost largest; ovary 3.5-3.8 x 2.5-3 mm, slightly asymmetric with an indistinct trigonous apex; staminodes 0.6- 0.8 mm, flat, tooth-shaped. FRUIT dull green turning purplish brown or black, globose-ellipsoid or obovoid, 17-28 x 14 -20 mm, with persistent petals about 6 mm long; endocarp fibrous. SEED about 23 mm x 16 mm, pointed at the base, rounded at the apex, with ruminate endosperm, the ruminations many, slightly irregular, and almost reaching the middle of the seed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This is the most robust member of the "Vonitra" group. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Sunny, very moist position.<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_utilis]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is an upland palm, closely related to D. crinita, but even larger in all its parts, and with inflorescences branched to three rather than two orders. It has been seen near Analamazaotra (in fact there is a much photographed specimen opposite the station hotel at Andasibe; see photo below) and at Ranomafana. Sometimes cited as being critically endangered, this may not be so rare as was originally thought. The Latin name means 'useful', a reference to the piassava produced by the leaves and formerly exported for rope production. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. Restricted to only a few sites; numbers thought to be low. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
Uses: The palmheart is eaten, and the fruit pulp is sugary and also consumed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. <br />
<br />
A robust palm that grows along streamsides in moist forest or swamp forest in the highlands of central eastern Madagascar close to 1000 m (3000 ft.) a.s.l. It produces a thick, solitary or clustering trunk that branches high above ground. The somewhat untidy, upright crown consists of numerous, long, arching, pinnate leaves. The leafbases produce copious amounts of piassava fibers that clothe the upper part of the trunk and that have been used for rope production. The sizeable, purplish to black fruits are said to be edible. An interesting and very unusual palm for the tropical and warm temperate/subtropical garden. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:100_3729billaustin.jpg|Hawaii, photo by Bill Austin<br />
image:Utilisrk.jpg|Sri Lanka Botanical Gardens. Notice the branching trunk. Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:9c1e3aa0-651d-47ee-b7a3-c4054c43b16d.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Utilis01rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis02rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Utilis03rk.jpg|Madagascar, Photo by Rolf Kyburz<br />
image:Dypsisutilis9.jpg|San Diego Zoo, CA.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_u(2).jpg<br />
image:DypsisUtilis7.png<br />
image:Dyputilkim.jpg|Jim Wright's garden in San Diego, photo by Kim<br />
image:P6130022brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:P6180024brod.jpg|Brisbane Australia, photo by Brod<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv1bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv2bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:Dyps_util_090625_fv3bgl.jpg|Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:PA100213tyrone.jpg|Perth Western Australia, photo by Tyrone<br />
image:D6939c.jpg|Palm Bch. FL.<br />
image:021537.jpg|Ho'omaluhia Botanical Gardens, Hawaii.<br />
image:5ae425hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:98a34ehawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:450849hawaii.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:F3f2bfsocal.jpg|SoCal.<br />
image:Dypsis_utilis_red_leaf_01_12-21-10.JPG|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
*http://www.palmbeachpalmcycadsociety.com/palms/documents/DypsisUtilis.pdf<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|utilis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_utilis
Dypsis utilis
2023-02-14T17:57:26Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis utilis to Vonitra utilis</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra utilis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_pusilla
Vonitra pusilla
2023-02-14T17:56:48Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=23b13986-9370-4010-8c55-7924a60789a3z.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>pusilla (poo-SIHL-lah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary & clustering.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (Betsimisaraka).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Madagascar. Masoala Peninsula and Mananara Biosphere Reserve. Littoral forest [[File:26788668804_8659f4dd12_o.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Dypsis pusilla left, D. faneva right. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".]]on deep humus near the beach, riverine in moist forest, or on humus banks in moist forest on steep hillside; 1-220 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary or clustered palm. STEM 0.8-2 m high, usually unbranched, sometimes dichotomous; bare stem 4-5 cm in diam., but usually covered with very thick layer of persistent fibrous leafbases and then about 12 cm in diam.; fibres coarse, short, not pendulous. Trunk with basal surface roots and occasionally with aerial roots at 40-50 cm from ground; bark brown, internodes 3-10 mm long. LEAVES 15-16 in the crown, up to 2 m long, porrect with arching rachis; sheath 22-26 x 6-7.5 cm, with rather dense red or blackish laciniate scales, auricles (up to 5 cm long) and margins disintegrating quickly; petiole 75-100 cm long, about 1 x 0.6 cm (proximal), x 0.6 x 0.4-0.5 cm (distal), flattened or slightly convex adaxially, convex to keeled abaxially, green to purplish with dense red laciniate scales; rachis 78-94 cm, in mid-leaf 3-4 mm wide, angular, with scattered scales; leaflets 25-28 on each side of the rachis, stiff, proximally at an angle of 140° - 160° with the leaflets on the opposite side of the rachis, more distal in one plane, regular, glossy dark green, proximal ones 19-41 x 0.3-2.5 cm (most proximal ones short and narrow), median 38-51 x 1.8-3.2 (interval 2.5-3 cm), distal 13-31 x 0.8-2.5 cm, the apical pair hardly connate, apices attenuate and bifid, main veins 3, with the midrib prominent adaxially, leaflets glabrous or with a few scattered scales near the base. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, erect, branching to one order (in Beentje 4651 with the most proximal rachilla bifurcate); peduncle 47-132 cm, proximally 5-6 x 4 mm, distally 3- 5 x 2-4 mm, with dense reddish laciniate scales but soon glabrescent; prophyll 10-34 cm long, 2-keeled, with a few scattered reddish scales, cylindrical, split at apex only, soon disintegrating at the apex; peduncular bract inserted at 7-14 cm from base, 30-48 cm long, pale brown with patches of dense reddish scales, circumscissile but carried up and covering the rachillae until expansion, beaked for 9-10 cm; rachis 7- 15 cm, with 17-22 branches; rachillae green, occasionally with a bulbous base, 12-32 cm long, 2-2.5 mm diam., covered in minute stellate scales; triads spirally arranged, quite close, in pits. STAMINATE FLOWERS globose in bud; sepals 0.6-1 x 1-1.3 mm; petals 1.7-1.8 x 1.2-1.5 mm, ovate, acute; stamens 6, in 2 series, didymous, filaments 0.4-0.8 mm long, anthers 0.4-0.5 x 0.5-0.6 mm, rounded; pistillode 0.2-0.9 x 0.4-1 mm, hexagonal with central trifid apex. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals about 0.5 mm high, 1 mm wide, petals 1.4 -1.8 x 1.2-1.3 mm; ovary 1-1.4 mm high, 1.1-1.2 mm in diam., slightly asymmetrical; staminodes 0.3 mm high. FRUIT purple to black, obovoid, rounded, 13-19 x 9-15 mm; mesocarp 1.2 mm thick, rather fleshy; endocarp fibrous. SEED 15-16 x 9-12 mm, with endosperm ruminations 3-4 mm deep. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
Distinct by its small stature, its trunk which rarely branches and its short inflorescence branched to only one order; only very few inflorescences are present at the same time, which is unusual in the Vonitra group. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_pusilla]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is the smallest species of the "Vonitra" group. It is an attractive palm of the undergrowth in valley bottoms. The stems are almost always unbranched, and often solitary, and densely clothed with very short piassava. It can be distinguished from other species in the group by the short usually unbranched stems, the short piassava, the delicate curving leaflets and the inflorescence that is branched to one order only. Its rather dainty appearance is reflected in the species name. As far as we know, this species is not in cultivation, but it would clearly be an attractive subject for a small garden. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. With a fairly small distribution area and low numbers of individuals per population, this species might move into the Endangered category in the near future, if shifting cultivation continues apace in its native habitat. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
D. pusilla is one of the shorter-growing representatives of the genus. Native to<br />
shady valley bottoms in northeastern Madagascar, it can be both solitary and<br />
clustering in habit, its stems covered in dense, short piassava. New leaves of this<br />
species open red, and mature leaflets are glossy dark green and regularly-spaced<br />
along the rachis. Stems mature to 2½ to 6½ ft. in height and 1½ to 2 in. in<br />
diameter, though the leaf-sheath fibers make them appear about 5 in. across. D.<br />
pusilla produces fruit that ripens purple-black. The IUCN Red List conservation<br />
status of this species is Vulnerable, with a stable population trend. (fairchildgarden.org)<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Dyp pus juv.jpg|Juvenile - Kona, Hawaii.<br />
image:15cddc51-5e52-4f8e-bff0-335ee1498271z.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:23b13986-9370-4010-8c55-7924a60789a3z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis_pusilla_red_leaf_01_12-21-10.JPG|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
image:Dypsis_pusilla_red_leaf_close_01_12-21-10z.jpg|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
File:27325462551_facbf5510d_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27325463081_e44d69102a_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Dypsis pusilla left, D. faneva right. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:26788668804_8659f4dd12_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|pusila]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_pusilla
Vonitra pusilla
2023-02-14T17:56:09Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis pusilla to Vonitra pusilla</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=23b13986-9370-4010-8c55-7924a60789a3z.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>pusilla (poo-SIHL-lah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary & clustering.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (Betsimisaraka).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Madagascar. Masoala Peninsula and Mananara Biosphere Reserve. Littoral forest [[File:26788668804_8659f4dd12_o.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Dypsis pusilla left, D. faneva right. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".]]on deep humus near the beach, riverine in moist forest, or on humus banks in moist forest on steep hillside; 1-220 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary or clustered palm. STEM 0.8-2 m high, usually unbranched, sometimes dichotomous; bare stem 4-5 cm in diam., but usually covered with very thick layer of persistent fibrous leafbases and then about 12 cm in diam.; fibres coarse, short, not pendulous. Trunk with basal surface roots and occasionally with aerial roots at 40-50 cm from ground; bark brown, internodes 3-10 mm long. LEAVES 15-16 in the crown, up to 2 m long, porrect with arching rachis; sheath 22-26 x 6-7.5 cm, with rather dense red or blackish laciniate scales, auricles (up to 5 cm long) and margins disintegrating quickly; petiole 75-100 cm long, about 1 x 0.6 cm (proximal), x 0.6 x 0.4-0.5 cm (distal), flattened or slightly convex adaxially, convex to keeled abaxially, green to purplish with dense red laciniate scales; rachis 78-94 cm, in mid-leaf 3-4 mm wide, angular, with scattered scales; leaflets 25-28 on each side of the rachis, stiff, proximally at an angle of 140° - 160° with the leaflets on the opposite side of the rachis, more distal in one plane, regular, glossy dark green, proximal ones 19-41 x 0.3-2.5 cm (most proximal ones short and narrow), median 38-51 x 1.8-3.2 (interval 2.5-3 cm), distal 13-31 x 0.8-2.5 cm, the apical pair hardly connate, apices attenuate and bifid, main veins 3, with the midrib prominent adaxially, leaflets glabrous or with a few scattered scales near the base. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, erect, branching to one order (in Beentje 4651 with the most proximal rachilla bifurcate); peduncle 47-132 cm, proximally 5-6 x 4 mm, distally 3- 5 x 2-4 mm, with dense reddish laciniate scales but soon glabrescent; prophyll 10-34 cm long, 2-keeled, with a few scattered reddish scales, cylindrical, split at apex only, soon disintegrating at the apex; peduncular bract inserted at 7-14 cm from base, 30-48 cm long, pale brown with patches of dense reddish scales, circumscissile but carried up and covering the rachillae until expansion, beaked for 9-10 cm; rachis 7- 15 cm, with 17-22 branches; rachillae green, occasionally with a bulbous base, 12-32 cm long, 2-2.5 mm diam., covered in minute stellate scales; triads spirally arranged, quite close, in pits. STAMINATE FLOWERS globose in bud; sepals 0.6-1 x 1-1.3 mm; petals 1.7-1.8 x 1.2-1.5 mm, ovate, acute; stamens 6, in 2 series, didymous, filaments 0.4-0.8 mm long, anthers 0.4-0.5 x 0.5-0.6 mm, rounded; pistillode 0.2-0.9 x 0.4-1 mm, hexagonal with central trifid apex. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals about 0.5 mm high, 1 mm wide, petals 1.4 -1.8 x 1.2-1.3 mm; ovary 1-1.4 mm high, 1.1-1.2 mm in diam., slightly asymmetrical; staminodes 0.3 mm high. FRUIT purple to black, obovoid, rounded, 13-19 x 9-15 mm; mesocarp 1.2 mm thick, rather fleshy; endocarp fibrous. SEED 15-16 x 9-12 mm, with endosperm ruminations 3-4 mm deep. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
Distinct by its small stature, its trunk which rarely branches and its short inflorescence branched to only one order; only very few inflorescences are present at the same time, which is unusual in the Vonitra group. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_pusilla]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is the smallest species of the "Vonitra" group. It is an attractive palm of the undergrowth in valley bottoms. The stems are almost always unbranched, and often solitary, and densely clothed with very short piassava. It can be distinguished from other species in the group by the short usually unbranched stems, the short piassava, the delicate curving leaflets and the inflorescence that is branched to one order only. Its rather dainty appearance is reflected in the species name. As far as we know, this species is not in cultivation, but it would clearly be an attractive subject for a small garden. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. With a fairly small distribution area and low numbers of individuals per population, this species might move into the Endangered category in the near future, if shifting cultivation continues apace in its native habitat. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
D. pusilla is one of the shorter-growing representatives of the genus. Native to<br />
shady valley bottoms in northeastern Madagascar, it can be both solitary and<br />
clustering in habit, its stems covered in dense, short piassava. New leaves of this<br />
species open red, and mature leaflets are glossy dark green and regularly-spaced<br />
along the rachis. Stems mature to 2½ to 6½ ft. in height and 1½ to 2 in. in<br />
diameter, though the leaf-sheath fibers make them appear about 5 in. across. D.<br />
pusilla produces fruit that ripens purple-black. The IUCN Red List conservation<br />
status of this species is Vulnerable, with a stable population trend. (fairchildgarden.org)<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Dyp pus juv.jpg|Juvenile - Kona, Hawaii.<br />
image:15cddc51-5e52-4f8e-bff0-335ee1498271z.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:23b13986-9370-4010-8c55-7924a60789a3z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis_pusilla_red_leaf_01_12-21-10.JPG|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
image:Dypsis_pusilla_red_leaf_close_01_12-21-10z.jpg|Cape Coral, FL. Photo by Margaret Price<br />
File:27325462551_facbf5510d_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27325463081_e44d69102a_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Dypsis pusilla left, D. faneva right. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:26788668804_8659f4dd12_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|pusila]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_pusilla
Dypsis pusilla
2023-02-14T17:56:09Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis pusilla to Vonitra pusilla</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra pusilla]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_perrieri
Vonitra perrieri
2023-02-14T17:55:27Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=357d04af-ca98-4818-8448-604f2c472005.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Ankirindro, Makira Protected Are, Toamasina, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>perrieri (pehr-ree-EHR-ee)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Besofina (Betsimisaraka, meaning big ears, because of the large sheath auricles); Menamosona (Betsimisaraka, meaning red back, because of the red tomentum on the sheath and bracts), Kase. <br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Madagascar. Marojejy, Masoala and Mananara Avaratra. Moist forest, on [[File:Dp10767168833_b4d267f9fd_k.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"]]steep slopes, near waterfalls on rocks or in valley bottoms; alt. 150-800 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Massive, squat solitary palm. TRUNK 2-8 m high, 20-30 cm in diam., near the crown about 12 cm in diam. Trunk with marcescent leaves and persistent bases of leaf sheaths; internodes about 4 cm; nodal scars dotted with fibre remains, about 2 cm wide. Base of crown litter-accu-mulating. LEAVES 12-20 in the crown, porrect; sheath about 1 m long, abaxially densely reddish-tomentose to floccose, turning fibrous and desintegrating with age, with auricles 3-12 cm long; apparent petiole 40-160 cm long, proximally about 5 x 2.5 cm in diam., distally 3-3.5 x 2-2.7 cm, the margins often with a slight wing formed by the rein of the proximal leaflets, deeply channelled with sharp margins, abaxially densely reddish-tomentose to reddish-brown scaly, glabrescent, dark green under the tomentum; rachis about 3-3.5 m long, proximally channelled, in mid-leaf 1.3-1.8 x 2.3 cm in diam., distally keeled, with patches of pale white, pale brown or dark red tomentum of peltate laciniate scales; leaflets 45-50 on each side of the rachis, regular, rigid and plicate, adaxially dark green, abaxially bright green, the proximal 80-148 x 1.2-3.4 cm, the most proximal ones inserted at different levels, median 69-107 x 3-5.5 cm (interval [0.5 -] 4-6.5 cm), distal 21- 60 x 1-3 cm, the distal pair joined for 3-6 cm, main veins 3-7, apices acuminate and unequally bifid, with scattered minute scales on the minor veins, occasionally with large brown or red ramenta 5-15 mm long on the abaxial midrib, once (in the type) with dense silvery hairs on the abaxial midrib. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar to infrafoliar, branched to 2 or 3 orders, spreading to pendulous, to 2 x 1.5 m; peduncle 57->100 cm long, proximally 8-9 x 2.5 cm, distally about 5.5 x 3.5 cm, glabrous in young fruit; prophyll erect, 40-60 cm long, about 5.5 cm wide, borne at about 3 cm above the base of the peduncle, rufous brown, sometimes rotting away early; peduncular bract inserted at about 8 cm from the base of the peduncle, circumscissile and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence, woody, 80-150 cm long, 3.5-4 cm in diam., with a 9-10 cm long beak, densely reddish tomentose, splitting over its whole length except for the distal 16-20 cm; non-tubular peduncular bracts in the distal part of the peduncle, 4-5 x 2 cm; rachis 30-40 cm long, glabrous, with 12-25 branched and 10 unbranched first order branches, the proximal of these with a rachis to 36 cm long, up to 2.2 x 1.1 cm in diam. proximally, and with up to 16 second order branches; rachillae spreading or pendulous, 15-50 cm long and 2-6 mm in diam.; triads distant, in slight pits, with a narrow, obtuse rachilla bract. STAMINATE FLOWERS cream, with sepals 1.5-3 x 1.6-3.2 mm, the outermost smallest, proximally gibbous, keeled, ovate, rounded, ciliolate; petals 4-5.2 x 2.8-3.8 mm, elliptic, acute; stamens 6, 2-seriate, the antepetalous more adaxial and inserted slightly higher up, filaments 1.3-2 mm long with slightly triangular bases, anthers 2.3-3.5 x 1-1.6 mm, dorsifixed, versatile, the locules slightly divergent proximally and obtuse or apiculate, slightly unequal, with a wide (-0.8 mm) dark-coloured connective; pistillode conical, 1-1.4 x 0.5-1.1 mm. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 2.2-4 x 4.5-6.5 mm, concave and enveloping through up to 230°, broadly elliptic, rounded with a fleshy, solid abaxial bulge, ciliolate; petals 5-7.5 x 5-8 mm, concave and enveloping to about 270°, in fruit 9.7-11 mm wide, with membranous margins, broadly elliptic; staminodes 6, flat, triangular, obtuse, 0.8-1.4 mm high; gynoecium asymmetrical, 3.5-4.5 mm x 2.8-4 mm. FRUIT ellipsoid, dull greenish brown, 15-19 x 12-16 mm, rounded or shortly stalked at the base, rounded at the apex; mesocarp up to 2 mm thick; endocarp very fibrous, with few anastomizations. SEED slightly obovoid or ellipsoid, 14-16 x 11-12 mm, pointed at the base, rounded at the apex, with a subbasal depression corresponding to the embryo; endosperm ruminate, with the intrusions dense, irregular, up to 1.3 mm thick but usually about 0.3 mm thick and up to 5.5 mm deep. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
Jumelle (1928) described this as a new genus, based on the sagittate anthers and the very fibrous endocarp of the fruit. On examining the type the first character is not correct - the locules are parallel. The second character is more difficult to evaluate, since there are no fruits present in the type. The types of C. auriculatus and C. ruber are clearly conspecific; the fruit mentioned in the protologue of Chrysalidocarpus auriculatus are of doubtful provenance - they have homogeneous endosperm, so they are unlikely to belong to D. perrieri. These fruits were the reason why the taxon was included in Chrysalidocarpus; but they are not present on the P sheets of this number. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness zone 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. Despite its fairly large distribution area, this species is not common in any of its sites; the fact that the palmheart is eaten is a contributing factor to its status. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Good palm-heart.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:4bd0e860-32b9-4dc7-ba9f-7119be23fbda.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:302b66c7-272d-495d-9ad6-74aaa0611b2d.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:8be19794-4889-4a8b-aeeb-cb5832fcd2cf.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis-perrieri-inflorescence.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:357d04af-ca98-4818-8448-604f2c472005.jpg|Ankirindro, Makira Protected Are, Toamasina, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:dperIMGP2913.JPG|Mt. Warning Caldera, Nth. NSW, Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
File:dpIMGP2924.JPG|Mt. Warning Caldera, Nth. NSW, Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
<br />
image:Post_Madagascar_2005_086.JPG|Marojejy Park, Madagascar. Photo by Jeff Searle, Searle Brothers Nursery, FL.<br />
image:Dp10766821294_c4ef53b0d6_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766805396_11967fa37c_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766864995_fd8eb6420b_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766952154_457a9b26f8_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766978656_067d52f070_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766997184_c956fdedcc_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10767168833_b4d267f9fd_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|perrieri]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_perrieri
Vonitra perrieri
2023-02-14T17:54:37Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis perrieri to Vonitra perrieri</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=357d04af-ca98-4818-8448-604f2c472005.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Ankirindro, Makira Protected Are, Toamasina, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>perrieri (pehr-ree-EHR-ee)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Besofina (Betsimisaraka, meaning big ears, because of the large sheath auricles); Menamosona (Betsimisaraka, meaning red back, because of the red tomentum on the sheath and bracts), Kase. <br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Madagascar. Marojejy, Masoala and Mananara Avaratra. Moist forest, on [[File:Dp10767168833_b4d267f9fd_k.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"]]steep slopes, near waterfalls on rocks or in valley bottoms; alt. 150-800 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Massive, squat solitary palm. TRUNK 2-8 m high, 20-30 cm in diam., near the crown about 12 cm in diam. Trunk with marcescent leaves and persistent bases of leaf sheaths; internodes about 4 cm; nodal scars dotted with fibre remains, about 2 cm wide. Base of crown litter-accu-mulating. LEAVES 12-20 in the crown, porrect; sheath about 1 m long, abaxially densely reddish-tomentose to floccose, turning fibrous and desintegrating with age, with auricles 3-12 cm long; apparent petiole 40-160 cm long, proximally about 5 x 2.5 cm in diam., distally 3-3.5 x 2-2.7 cm, the margins often with a slight wing formed by the rein of the proximal leaflets, deeply channelled with sharp margins, abaxially densely reddish-tomentose to reddish-brown scaly, glabrescent, dark green under the tomentum; rachis about 3-3.5 m long, proximally channelled, in mid-leaf 1.3-1.8 x 2.3 cm in diam., distally keeled, with patches of pale white, pale brown or dark red tomentum of peltate laciniate scales; leaflets 45-50 on each side of the rachis, regular, rigid and plicate, adaxially dark green, abaxially bright green, the proximal 80-148 x 1.2-3.4 cm, the most proximal ones inserted at different levels, median 69-107 x 3-5.5 cm (interval [0.5 -] 4-6.5 cm), distal 21- 60 x 1-3 cm, the distal pair joined for 3-6 cm, main veins 3-7, apices acuminate and unequally bifid, with scattered minute scales on the minor veins, occasionally with large brown or red ramenta 5-15 mm long on the abaxial midrib, once (in the type) with dense silvery hairs on the abaxial midrib. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar to infrafoliar, branched to 2 or 3 orders, spreading to pendulous, to 2 x 1.5 m; peduncle 57->100 cm long, proximally 8-9 x 2.5 cm, distally about 5.5 x 3.5 cm, glabrous in young fruit; prophyll erect, 40-60 cm long, about 5.5 cm wide, borne at about 3 cm above the base of the peduncle, rufous brown, sometimes rotting away early; peduncular bract inserted at about 8 cm from the base of the peduncle, circumscissile and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence, woody, 80-150 cm long, 3.5-4 cm in diam., with a 9-10 cm long beak, densely reddish tomentose, splitting over its whole length except for the distal 16-20 cm; non-tubular peduncular bracts in the distal part of the peduncle, 4-5 x 2 cm; rachis 30-40 cm long, glabrous, with 12-25 branched and 10 unbranched first order branches, the proximal of these with a rachis to 36 cm long, up to 2.2 x 1.1 cm in diam. proximally, and with up to 16 second order branches; rachillae spreading or pendulous, 15-50 cm long and 2-6 mm in diam.; triads distant, in slight pits, with a narrow, obtuse rachilla bract. STAMINATE FLOWERS cream, with sepals 1.5-3 x 1.6-3.2 mm, the outermost smallest, proximally gibbous, keeled, ovate, rounded, ciliolate; petals 4-5.2 x 2.8-3.8 mm, elliptic, acute; stamens 6, 2-seriate, the antepetalous more adaxial and inserted slightly higher up, filaments 1.3-2 mm long with slightly triangular bases, anthers 2.3-3.5 x 1-1.6 mm, dorsifixed, versatile, the locules slightly divergent proximally and obtuse or apiculate, slightly unequal, with a wide (-0.8 mm) dark-coloured connective; pistillode conical, 1-1.4 x 0.5-1.1 mm. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals 2.2-4 x 4.5-6.5 mm, concave and enveloping through up to 230°, broadly elliptic, rounded with a fleshy, solid abaxial bulge, ciliolate; petals 5-7.5 x 5-8 mm, concave and enveloping to about 270°, in fruit 9.7-11 mm wide, with membranous margins, broadly elliptic; staminodes 6, flat, triangular, obtuse, 0.8-1.4 mm high; gynoecium asymmetrical, 3.5-4.5 mm x 2.8-4 mm. FRUIT ellipsoid, dull greenish brown, 15-19 x 12-16 mm, rounded or shortly stalked at the base, rounded at the apex; mesocarp up to 2 mm thick; endocarp very fibrous, with few anastomizations. SEED slightly obovoid or ellipsoid, 14-16 x 11-12 mm, pointed at the base, rounded at the apex, with a subbasal depression corresponding to the embryo; endosperm ruminate, with the intrusions dense, irregular, up to 1.3 mm thick but usually about 0.3 mm thick and up to 5.5 mm deep. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
Jumelle (1928) described this as a new genus, based on the sagittate anthers and the very fibrous endocarp of the fruit. On examining the type the first character is not correct - the locules are parallel. The second character is more difficult to evaluate, since there are no fruits present in the type. The types of C. auriculatus and C. ruber are clearly conspecific; the fruit mentioned in the protologue of Chrysalidocarpus auriculatus are of doubtful provenance - they have homogeneous endosperm, so they are unlikely to belong to D. perrieri. These fruits were the reason why the taxon was included in Chrysalidocarpus; but they are not present on the P sheets of this number. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness zone 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
Conservation: Vulnerable. Despite its fairly large distribution area, this species is not common in any of its sites; the fact that the palmheart is eaten is a contributing factor to its status. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Good palm-heart.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:4bd0e860-32b9-4dc7-ba9f-7119be23fbda.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:302b66c7-272d-495d-9ad6-74aaa0611b2d.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:8be19794-4889-4a8b-aeeb-cb5832fcd2cf.jpg|Marojejy, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis-perrieri-inflorescence.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:357d04af-ca98-4818-8448-604f2c472005.jpg|Ankirindro, Makira Protected Are, Toamasina, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:dperIMGP2913.JPG|Mt. Warning Caldera, Nth. NSW, Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
File:dpIMGP2924.JPG|Mt. Warning Caldera, Nth. NSW, Australia. Photo by Pete.<br />
<br />
image:Post_Madagascar_2005_086.JPG|Marojejy Park, Madagascar. Photo by Jeff Searle, Searle Brothers Nursery, FL.<br />
image:Dp10766821294_c4ef53b0d6_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766805396_11967fa37c_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766864995_fd8eb6420b_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766952154_457a9b26f8_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766978656_067d52f070_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10766997184_c956fdedcc_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Dp10767168833_b4d267f9fd_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|perrieri]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_perrieri
Dypsis perrieri
2023-02-14T17:54:37Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis perrieri to Vonitra perrieri</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra perrieri]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_nossibensis
Vonitra nossibensis
2023-02-14T17:53:41Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=6bc93516-b861-4a65-8548-4f69cc18f686.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>nossibensis <br>(NOHS-sih-behn-sis)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Northwest Madagascar, only known from Lokobe forest. Moist forest; [[image:Ae95eeae-8570-482d-8ae5-41126ee7c31a.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Lokobe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]steep mid slope; alt. 100-185 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary palm. TRUNK 5-10 m high, not branching, 7-15 cm in diam., bare and then grey and conspicuously ringed, or with sheath remnants, with (over distal 2 m of trunk) or without a disintegrated fibrous mass; base of trunk with aerial roots; internodes about 7 cm.; base of crown bulbous, 8 cm in diam.; wood hard. LEAVES about 18 in the crown, porrect to arching and held on edge in distal half of the leaf, with the leaflets in one plane; sheath 28-50 cm, 6-9 cm wide, more distally with a central woody part of 3-4 cm wide with two fibrous "wings" of about 4.5 cm wide, with short fine brown tomentum with fibrous tattered margins, and opposite the petiole with a long brown tongue, 100-120 x 5-5.5 cm; petiole 39-40 cm long, proximally 1.5-2.7 x 1.5-2 cm, distally 1.7-2.1 x 1-1.2 cm, convex or channelled with rather sharp margins and a thin grey to red-brown tomentum; rachis about 2.8 m, in mid-leaf 0.8-1.5 cm wide and keeled, with red-brown to grey tomentum but glabrescent; leaflets 62-64 on each side of the rachis, regular, mid-green, glabrous, the proximal 62-86 x 1.1-2.4 cm, median 52-78 x 3.3-5 cm (interval 3-4 cm), distal 16-44 x 0.9-3.5 cm, apices attenuate, main veins 5-7, distinct, midrib prominent adaxially, ramenta few, spaced, rather small, on the abaxial midrib of median leaflets. INFLORESCENCE erect, only a single stage present at one time, branched to 2 orders, 106-150 cm, with spreading or semi-pendulous rachillae; peduncle 75-84 cm long, proximally 4.2-6 x 2.4-3 cm, distally 2.5-2.7 x 1.6-2 cm, green with short reddish tomentum; prophyll 45-64 x 6.5-8 x 2-3 cm, borne at about 6 cm above the base of the peduncle, 2winged, split abaxially; peduncular bract inserted at 15-20 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening bud, 102-106 x 9.5-18 cm, beaked and closed for 5.5-9 cm, glabrous and pale red-brown abaxially, yel-low-brown adaxially; incomplete peduncular bracts 3-6 x 36 mm; rachis 31-37 cm, proximally 3.5-5 x 2.5-3 cm in diam., with 13-17 branched and 13-16 unbranched first order branches, these puberulous, with bulbous bases and proximally 1.5-2 x 0.4-1 cm; rachillae 25-56 cm, 3-5 mm diam., angular in bud and slightly zigzag, proximally with dense stellate scales, more distal with fewer scales, pitted; rachilla bracts about 2 mm. STAMINATE FLOWERS slightly trigonous; sepals unequal, 3-4 x 4-7 mm, the innermost the largest, fleshy, keeled, hooded, broadly ovate, rounded, with a minute fringe of tiny hairs; petals purplish white, 4.4-4.5 x 5 mm, fleshy, ovate, slightly acute, inserted on the edge of a fleshy receptacle about 3 mm high and 4 mm in diam.; stamens 6, slightly bi-seriate with the antepetalous stamens inserted slightly higher and the anthers shorter; filaments 2.5-3 mm, connate in a basal ring around the pistillode, anthers dorsifixed, the locules parallel, 2.8-3.2 x 1.8-2 mm; pistillode 1.7-1.8 x 1.7 mm, trigonous. PISTILLATE FLOWERS trigonous at base, distinctly asymmetrical, 6 mm high in bud; sepals 4.5-6 x 6-7 mm, unequal, fleshy, keeled, hooded, fringed, imbricate, the innermost largest; petals purplish white, 7-8.3 x 7 mm, broadly ovate, acute, hooded; gynoecium 6- 8 x 4.5-6.5 mm, asymmetrical, the distal part partly split in 3, stigmas short, pyramidal; staminodes 6, 0.4-0.7 mm, flat. FRUIT not seen in mature state, young fruit 11 x 13 mm, asymmetric. EOPHYLL bifid; seedling with 2 scale leaves. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
HB (Dr. Henk Beentje) believes he has seen two trees of this species on the Antsahampano peninsula on the mainland near Nosy Komba, but he was on public transport at the time was unable to make sure. This would not change the conservation status, as the vegetation of this peninsula is also under threat. The type of V. nossibensis consists of an inflorescence and a very young leaf. We have omitted the measurements of the leaf from the above description.<br />
NOTE: this name is predated by Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis Becc from 1906, which is a synonym of C madagascariensis Becc (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This clearly belongs to the 'Vonitra' group, though it sometimes lacks the distinctive piassava (leaf sheath fibre) on the trunk. The inflorescence has the bulbous bases to the first order branches that are so distinctive for this group, but there are only one or two inflorescences per tree, and the trunk does not branch, which is unlike several other species of this group. The name refers to the island of Nosy Be. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Critical. Only known from a single forest, in which several palm species, including this one, are felled for planks. Total numbers seen were less than twenty-five. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Wood used in construction.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:F120614o1z.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:6bc93516-b861-4a65-8548-4f69cc18f686.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Ae95eeae-8570-482d-8ae5-41126ee7c31a.jpg|Lokobe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:c3a344.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:6445fe.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photo.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|nossibensis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_nossibensis
Vonitra nossibensis
2023-02-14T17:52:55Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis nossibensis to Vonitra nossibensis</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=6bc93516-b861-4a65-8548-4f69cc18f686.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>nossibensis <br>(NOHS-sih-behn-sis)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Northwest Madagascar, only known from Lokobe forest. Moist forest; [[image:Ae95eeae-8570-482d-8ae5-41126ee7c31a.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Lokobe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]steep mid slope; alt. 100-185 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary palm. TRUNK 5-10 m high, not branching, 7-15 cm in diam., bare and then grey and conspicuously ringed, or with sheath remnants, with (over distal 2 m of trunk) or without a disintegrated fibrous mass; base of trunk with aerial roots; internodes about 7 cm.; base of crown bulbous, 8 cm in diam.; wood hard. LEAVES about 18 in the crown, porrect to arching and held on edge in distal half of the leaf, with the leaflets in one plane; sheath 28-50 cm, 6-9 cm wide, more distally with a central woody part of 3-4 cm wide with two fibrous "wings" of about 4.5 cm wide, with short fine brown tomentum with fibrous tattered margins, and opposite the petiole with a long brown tongue, 100-120 x 5-5.5 cm; petiole 39-40 cm long, proximally 1.5-2.7 x 1.5-2 cm, distally 1.7-2.1 x 1-1.2 cm, convex or channelled with rather sharp margins and a thin grey to red-brown tomentum; rachis about 2.8 m, in mid-leaf 0.8-1.5 cm wide and keeled, with red-brown to grey tomentum but glabrescent; leaflets 62-64 on each side of the rachis, regular, mid-green, glabrous, the proximal 62-86 x 1.1-2.4 cm, median 52-78 x 3.3-5 cm (interval 3-4 cm), distal 16-44 x 0.9-3.5 cm, apices attenuate, main veins 5-7, distinct, midrib prominent adaxially, ramenta few, spaced, rather small, on the abaxial midrib of median leaflets. INFLORESCENCE erect, only a single stage present at one time, branched to 2 orders, 106-150 cm, with spreading or semi-pendulous rachillae; peduncle 75-84 cm long, proximally 4.2-6 x 2.4-3 cm, distally 2.5-2.7 x 1.6-2 cm, green with short reddish tomentum; prophyll 45-64 x 6.5-8 x 2-3 cm, borne at about 6 cm above the base of the peduncle, 2winged, split abaxially; peduncular bract inserted at 15-20 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening bud, 102-106 x 9.5-18 cm, beaked and closed for 5.5-9 cm, glabrous and pale red-brown abaxially, yel-low-brown adaxially; incomplete peduncular bracts 3-6 x 36 mm; rachis 31-37 cm, proximally 3.5-5 x 2.5-3 cm in diam., with 13-17 branched and 13-16 unbranched first order branches, these puberulous, with bulbous bases and proximally 1.5-2 x 0.4-1 cm; rachillae 25-56 cm, 3-5 mm diam., angular in bud and slightly zigzag, proximally with dense stellate scales, more distal with fewer scales, pitted; rachilla bracts about 2 mm. STAMINATE FLOWERS slightly trigonous; sepals unequal, 3-4 x 4-7 mm, the innermost the largest, fleshy, keeled, hooded, broadly ovate, rounded, with a minute fringe of tiny hairs; petals purplish white, 4.4-4.5 x 5 mm, fleshy, ovate, slightly acute, inserted on the edge of a fleshy receptacle about 3 mm high and 4 mm in diam.; stamens 6, slightly bi-seriate with the antepetalous stamens inserted slightly higher and the anthers shorter; filaments 2.5-3 mm, connate in a basal ring around the pistillode, anthers dorsifixed, the locules parallel, 2.8-3.2 x 1.8-2 mm; pistillode 1.7-1.8 x 1.7 mm, trigonous. PISTILLATE FLOWERS trigonous at base, distinctly asymmetrical, 6 mm high in bud; sepals 4.5-6 x 6-7 mm, unequal, fleshy, keeled, hooded, fringed, imbricate, the innermost largest; petals purplish white, 7-8.3 x 7 mm, broadly ovate, acute, hooded; gynoecium 6- 8 x 4.5-6.5 mm, asymmetrical, the distal part partly split in 3, stigmas short, pyramidal; staminodes 6, 0.4-0.7 mm, flat. FRUIT not seen in mature state, young fruit 11 x 13 mm, asymmetric. EOPHYLL bifid; seedling with 2 scale leaves. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
HB (Dr. Henk Beentje) believes he has seen two trees of this species on the Antsahampano peninsula on the mainland near Nosy Komba, but he was on public transport at the time was unable to make sure. This would not change the conservation status, as the vegetation of this peninsula is also under threat. The type of V. nossibensis consists of an inflorescence and a very young leaf. We have omitted the measurements of the leaf from the above description.<br />
NOTE: this name is predated by Chrysalidocarpus lucubensis Becc from 1906, which is a synonym of C madagascariensis Becc (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This clearly belongs to the 'Vonitra' group, though it sometimes lacks the distinctive piassava (leaf sheath fibre) on the trunk. The inflorescence has the bulbous bases to the first order branches that are so distinctive for this group, but there are only one or two inflorescences per tree, and the trunk does not branch, which is unlike several other species of this group. The name refers to the island of Nosy Be. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Critical. Only known from a single forest, in which several palm species, including this one, are felled for planks. Total numbers seen were less than twenty-five. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Wood used in construction.<br />
<br />
<br clear="all"><br />
{{#Widget:AdResban}}<br />
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:F120614o1z.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii, photo by BGL<br />
image:6bc93516-b861-4a65-8548-4f69cc18f686.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Ae95eeae-8570-482d-8ae5-41126ee7c31a.jpg|Lokobe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:c3a344.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:6445fe.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photo.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|nossibensis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_nossibensis
Dypsis nossibensis
2023-02-14T17:52:55Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis nossibensis to Vonitra nossibensis</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra nossibensis]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_fibrosa
Vonitra fibrosa
2023-02-14T17:50:46Z
<p>Joaocosta: re classification</p>
<hr />
<div><big>__noeditsection__<br />
"Mountain Vonitra Palm"</big><br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Post-42-0-16624800-1389869150.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>fibrosa (fihb-ROH-sah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary & clustering.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (widespread), Vonitrambohitra (mountain vonitra, fide Jumelle), Ravimbontro (Nosy Mangabe).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
''Vonitra fibrosa'' is endemic to Northwest and East Madagascar. Moist upland forest or coastal [[image:Post-42-0-45891700-1389869127.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor]]hill forest on steep slopes or less often on ridge tops, also in littoral or peatswamp forest overlying white sand at low altitudes; alt. 5-800 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary or clustering palm, when clustering, in groups of 2-6. TRUNK 3-9 m high, branched once or twice (rarely three times) a few meters above the ground, rarely unbranched, the branches closely parallel, 5-18 cm in diam.; distal part of the trunk covered in fibrous piassava; base swollen, sometimes with surface roots resembling stilt roots; bark pale brown to grey, ringed, internodes 0.8-2 cm; wood hard, white. LEAVES 8-25 in each crown, occasionally with up to 8 marcescent leaves; leaves arching, held on edge in the distal half; sheath 40-60 cm long, red-brown floccose, proximally 10-12 cm wide, more distally with a central woody part and a fibrous part together with a 30-34 cm long pale brown tongue opposite the petiole becoming tattered and so producing the piassava clothing the upper part of the trunk; petiole 40-170 cm long, proximally 1.2-2.6 x 0.8-1.5 cm, distally 0.9-1.6 x 0.8-1 cm, with red-brown patches of tomentum but glabrescent, adaxially slightly convex or channelled, with sharp edges; rachis 1.4-2 m long, in mid-leaf 0.9-1 cm wide and keeled, with red-brown patches of tomentum but glabrescent; leaflets regular, 34-51 on each side of the rachis, in one plane, dull dark green (red in young leaves), the proximal 45-82 x 0.8-2.5 cm, median 46-71 x 2.6-4.3 cm (108 x 7.3 cm in Perrier 14097), distal 10-42 x 0.5-2.3 cm, acute, the terminal pair in young plants wide (up to 5 cm) and connate for up to 25 % of their length, main veins 5-7, the midrib prominent adaxially, glabrous, apices unequally attenuate. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, erect in bud, porrect-arching in flower and fruit, branched to 3 orders (once to 4 orders); peduncle 70-94 (- 150) cm long, proximally 1.5-2.5 x 0.9-1.8 cm, distally 1-1.7 x 0.7-1 cm, green, glabrous; prophyll 39-56 cm, reddish-tomentose, glabrescent; peduncular bract 103-188 cm, 6-8 cm wide, splitting only near its apex, beaked for 2-12 cm, coriaceous, inserted at 17-20 cm from the base of the peduncle, abscising and carried upwards with the lengthening inflorescence, brown with patches of red-brown pubescence; rachis 37-60 cm long, green, glabrous, with 15-17 branched and 6-14 unbranched branches; first order branches flattened, -1.3 x 0.3-0.5 cm, with basal swelling; rachillae arching to almost pendulous (4.5-) 17-53 cm long (up to 78 cm in fruit) and 0.1-0.2 cm diam. (up to 0.5 cm in fruit), glabrous, green to red-brown, with spaced triads in slight pits. FLOWERS orange in bud, yellow at anthesis. STAMINATE FLOWERS slightly trigonous, narrowed near the base, with sepals 1-1.4 x 1.4-2.3 mm, broadly ovate, hooded; petals 1.5-1.8 x 1.3 mm, hooded; stamens 6, in 2 series, didymous, densely appressed against the pistillode, filaments 1-1.4 x 0.5 mm, anthers medifixed or dorsifixed with almost globose thecae, about 0.3 x 0.3 mm; pistillode bottle-shaped, with indentations conforming to the stamens, about x 0.4-0.5 mm in diam. PISTILLATE FLOWERS globose, with sepals 1.2-1.8 x 2.3-2.8 mm, broadly ovate, hooded; petals suborbicular, 2.1-2.8 x 1.8-2.4 mm; ovary asymmetrical, c. 1.8 x 1.6 mm, topped by an indistinct trigonous apex; staminodes c. 0.2 mm high, dentiform. FRUIT black, obovoid to almost globose, 20-30 x 18-25 mm; persistent sepals about 3 x 3-4 mm, persistent petals about 5 x 7 mm; mesocarp fleshy, about 5 mm thick; endocarp fibrous, with up to 25 mm long fibres. SEED 20-23 x 15-18 mm, ellipsoid, pointed at the apex; endosperm with ruminations 3-4 mm deep. EOPHYLL bifid, germination adjacent-ligular. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
The fruit is said to be eaten by wild pig, and we have seen signs which seem to confirm this. Though Beccari (1906) thought he was making a new combination based on Dypsis thouarsiana when coining the name Vonitra thouarsiana, the descriptions, both of the new genus and of the species, were based on Baron 3190, quite distinct from the types of Dypsis thouarsiana. Beccari saw the types of Dypsis thouarsiana and thought the leaf was a young one, possibly a seedling, of his new taxon; he also considered the inflorescence of Dypsis thouarsiana as too young too analyse. The taxa, however, are clearly distinct, the types of Dypsis thouarsiana having three most peculiar stamens and leaves with 3-4 leaflets on each side of the rachis (see under 109. Dypsis thouarsiana). (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_fibrosa]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is one of the most widespread of species in the "Vonitra" group, occurring throughout the north-west and eastern rain forest belt. In habitat it differs from the much larger D. crinita that often grows in nearby val-ley bottoms and riversides, while the present species will grow on ridges and slopes. The sheaths produce abundant piassava, leaf sheath fibre, and hence the species name. This species has been cultivated in many botanical gardens and private collections where the combination of neat dark green leaves that are flushed red when newly emerged and attractive brown fibre make it particularly ornamental. Its ability to branch dichotomously adds to its appeal. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Leaves, extensively used for thatching (Masoala), inflorescences sold as brushes (Masoala). Formerly one of the main piassava producers (30-50 francs a kg in 1951)(J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
A mid-sized palm from eastern Madagascar that forms a trunk thickly clothed in long, pale brown leaf sheath fibers and branching once or twice above ground. The compact crown consists of numerous, flat, finely pinnate leaves that are reddish when newly emerging. It is generally similar to D. crinita but prefers a drier habitat, occupying the slopes and ridges of hills up to 800 m (2600 ft.) rather than the valley bottoms and riversides. It is also found in littoral forest close to the coast. It is quite a robust plant and adapts easily to cultivation in many warm temperate and all tropical climates. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Ho'o41z.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.<br />
Image:Dypsis fibrosa.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:7c25558d-39e0-41da-8624-835a13b7bc6ez.jpg|Sahavary, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:1c487a0b-c380-4432-82ac-63d7597f18d5z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Fibrosa06z.jpg|Nosy Mangabe, Madagascar. Photo by Jack Sayers<br />
image:Fibrosa02z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:Fibrosa03z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:Fibrosa04z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:DfP1050065.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfP1050134.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfDSC_1686.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfP1080420.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:Post-42-0-16624800-1389869150.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:Post-42-0-45891700-1389869127.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfDSCF4785.jpg|At Daryl O'Connors, Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:Df100_1979.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df100_1983.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df100_1981.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df10765449246_a0c49e1667_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Df10765696903_72b44c811d_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Df10766689003_c165c5bd00_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10714156843_b4501ddee8_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10713780474_d1cd9817b8_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10713162913_72cf089bc0_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840742933_4b7b217041_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840535244_5a1342e58a_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840513964_a32817ed1b_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840487774_90692618f8_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840627633_c26777b115_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840607913_0a174f509e_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840252995_d8850a07e4_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15687725680_e7a07002d2_o.jpg|Vohimana Reserve, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15254920153_5491554e32_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15874581585_d36665eb66_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15688812127_b896b1ecb6_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:27321167342_dfd0b84aac_o.jpg|Farankaraina - Masoala - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27616661995_87ff2397db_o.jpg|Makira - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:DypFib.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|fibrosa]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_fibrosa
Dypsis fibrosa
2023-02-14T17:48:59Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis fibrosa to Vonitra fibrosa</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra fibrosa]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_fibrosa
Vonitra fibrosa
2023-02-14T17:48:58Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis fibrosa to Vonitra fibrosa</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=Post-42-0-16624800-1389869150.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>fibrosa (fihb-ROH-sah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Solitary & clustering.<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (widespread), Vonitrambohitra (mountain vonitra, fide Jumelle), Ravimbontro (Nosy Mangabe).<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
''Dypsis fibrosa'' is endemic to Northwest and East Madagascar. Moist upland forest or coastal [[image:Post-42-0-45891700-1389869127.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor]]hill forest on steep slopes or less often on ridge tops, also in littoral or peatswamp forest overlying white sand at low altitudes; alt. 5-800 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Solitary or clustering palm, when clustering, in groups of 2-6. TRUNK 3-9 m high, branched once or twice (rarely three times) a few meters above the ground, rarely unbranched, the branches closely parallel, 5-18 cm in diam.; distal part of the trunk covered in fibrous piassava; base swollen, sometimes with surface roots resembling stilt roots; bark pale brown to grey, ringed, internodes 0.8-2 cm; wood hard, white. LEAVES 8-25 in each crown, occasionally with up to 8 marcescent leaves; leaves arching, held on edge in the distal half; sheath 40-60 cm long, red-brown floccose, proximally 10-12 cm wide, more distally with a central woody part and a fibrous part together with a 30-34 cm long pale brown tongue opposite the petiole becoming tattered and so producing the piassava clothing the upper part of the trunk; petiole 40-170 cm long, proximally 1.2-2.6 x 0.8-1.5 cm, distally 0.9-1.6 x 0.8-1 cm, with red-brown patches of tomentum but glabrescent, adaxially slightly convex or channelled, with sharp edges; rachis 1.4-2 m long, in mid-leaf 0.9-1 cm wide and keeled, with red-brown patches of tomentum but glabrescent; leaflets regular, 34-51 on each side of the rachis, in one plane, dull dark green (red in young leaves), the proximal 45-82 x 0.8-2.5 cm, median 46-71 x 2.6-4.3 cm (108 x 7.3 cm in Perrier 14097), distal 10-42 x 0.5-2.3 cm, acute, the terminal pair in young plants wide (up to 5 cm) and connate for up to 25 % of their length, main veins 5-7, the midrib prominent adaxially, glabrous, apices unequally attenuate. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, erect in bud, porrect-arching in flower and fruit, branched to 3 orders (once to 4 orders); peduncle 70-94 (- 150) cm long, proximally 1.5-2.5 x 0.9-1.8 cm, distally 1-1.7 x 0.7-1 cm, green, glabrous; prophyll 39-56 cm, reddish-tomentose, glabrescent; peduncular bract 103-188 cm, 6-8 cm wide, splitting only near its apex, beaked for 2-12 cm, coriaceous, inserted at 17-20 cm from the base of the peduncle, abscising and carried upwards with the lengthening inflorescence, brown with patches of red-brown pubescence; rachis 37-60 cm long, green, glabrous, with 15-17 branched and 6-14 unbranched branches; first order branches flattened, -1.3 x 0.3-0.5 cm, with basal swelling; rachillae arching to almost pendulous (4.5-) 17-53 cm long (up to 78 cm in fruit) and 0.1-0.2 cm diam. (up to 0.5 cm in fruit), glabrous, green to red-brown, with spaced triads in slight pits. FLOWERS orange in bud, yellow at anthesis. STAMINATE FLOWERS slightly trigonous, narrowed near the base, with sepals 1-1.4 x 1.4-2.3 mm, broadly ovate, hooded; petals 1.5-1.8 x 1.3 mm, hooded; stamens 6, in 2 series, didymous, densely appressed against the pistillode, filaments 1-1.4 x 0.5 mm, anthers medifixed or dorsifixed with almost globose thecae, about 0.3 x 0.3 mm; pistillode bottle-shaped, with indentations conforming to the stamens, about x 0.4-0.5 mm in diam. PISTILLATE FLOWERS globose, with sepals 1.2-1.8 x 2.3-2.8 mm, broadly ovate, hooded; petals suborbicular, 2.1-2.8 x 1.8-2.4 mm; ovary asymmetrical, c. 1.8 x 1.6 mm, topped by an indistinct trigonous apex; staminodes c. 0.2 mm high, dentiform. FRUIT black, obovoid to almost globose, 20-30 x 18-25 mm; persistent sepals about 3 x 3-4 mm, persistent petals about 5 x 7 mm; mesocarp fleshy, about 5 mm thick; endocarp fibrous, with up to 25 mm long fibres. SEED 20-23 x 15-18 mm, ellipsoid, pointed at the apex; endosperm with ruminations 3-4 mm deep. EOPHYLL bifid, germination adjacent-ligular. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
The fruit is said to be eaten by wild pig, and we have seen signs which seem to confirm this. Though Beccari (1906) thought he was making a new combination based on Dypsis thouarsiana when coining the name Vonitra thouarsiana, the descriptions, both of the new genus and of the species, were based on Baron 3190, quite distinct from the types of Dypsis thouarsiana. Beccari saw the types of Dypsis thouarsiana and thought the leaf was a young one, possibly a seedling, of his new taxon; he also considered the inflorescence of Dypsis thouarsiana as too young too analyse. The taxa, however, are clearly distinct, the types of Dypsis thouarsiana having three most peculiar stamens and leaves with 3-4 leaflets on each side of the rachis (see under 109. Dypsis thouarsiana). (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
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[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_fibrosa]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This is one of the most widespread of species in the "Vonitra" group, occurring throughout the north-west and eastern rain forest belt. In habitat it differs from the much larger D. crinita that often grows in nearby val-ley bottoms and riversides, while the present species will grow on ridges and slopes. The sheaths produce abundant piassava, leaf sheath fibre, and hence the species name. This species has been cultivated in many botanical gardens and private collections where the combination of neat dark green leaves that are flushed red when newly emerged and attractive brown fibre make it particularly ornamental. Its ability to branch dichotomously adds to its appeal. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Uses: Leaves, extensively used for thatching (Masoala), inflorescences sold as brushes (Masoala). Formerly one of the main piassava producers (30-50 francs a kg in 1951)(J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
A mid-sized palm from eastern Madagascar that forms a trunk thickly clothed in long, pale brown leaf sheath fibers and branching once or twice above ground. The compact crown consists of numerous, flat, finely pinnate leaves that are reddish when newly emerging. It is generally similar to D. crinita but prefers a drier habitat, occupying the slopes and ridges of hills up to 800 m (2600 ft.) rather than the valley bottoms and riversides. It is also found in littoral forest close to the coast. It is quite a robust plant and adapts easily to cultivation in many warm temperate and all tropical climates. (RPS.com)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Ho'o41z.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.<br />
Image:Dypsis fibrosa.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:7c25558d-39e0-41da-8624-835a13b7bc6ez.jpg|Sahavary, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:1c487a0b-c380-4432-82ac-63d7597f18d5z.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Fibrosa06z.jpg|Nosy Mangabe, Madagascar. Photo by Jack Sayers<br />
image:Fibrosa02z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:Fibrosa03z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:Fibrosa04z.jpg|Photo by Michael Pascall<br />
image:DfP1050065.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfP1050134.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfDSC_1686.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfP1080420.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:Post-42-0-16624800-1389869150.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:Post-42-0-45891700-1389869127.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:DfDSCF4785.jpg|At Daryl O'Connors, Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:Df100_1979.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df100_1983.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df100_1981.jpg|Honolulu, Hawaii. Photo by Colin Peters<br />
image:Df10765449246_a0c49e1667_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Df10765696903_72b44c811d_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:Df10766689003_c165c5bd00_k.jpg|Ambodiriana reserve - Manompana, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10714156843_b4501ddee8_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10713780474_d1cd9817b8_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:10713162913_72cf089bc0_k.jpg|Analalava reserve - Foulpointe, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840742933_4b7b217041_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840535244_5a1342e58a_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840513964_a32817ed1b_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840487774_90692618f8_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840627633_c26777b115_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840607913_0a174f509e_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:10840252995_d8850a07e4_b.jpg|Palms of Vohibola Reserve - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15687725680_e7a07002d2_o.jpg|Vohimana Reserve, Madagascar. "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15254920153_5491554e32_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15874581585_d36665eb66_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:15688812127_b896b1ecb6_o.jpg|Andasibe - Mantadia - Madagascar (2014) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
File:27321167342_dfd0b84aac_o.jpg|Farankaraina - Masoala - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27616661995_87ff2397db_o.jpg|Makira - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes"<br />
image:DypFib.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|fibrosa]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_dransfieldii
Vonitra dransfieldii
2023-02-14T17:41:52Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
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{{Palmbox<br />
|image=27298383352_5e3d54ddda_o.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>dransfieldii (dranz-FEELD-ee)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=<br />
|height=6-8 meters<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|ssi=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to North East Madagascar: Masoala Peninsula. Littoral forest, on steep or [[File:27396570885_0bf97cfdc7_o.jpg|thumb|left|390px|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".]]level slope; alt. 2-20 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Clustering palm in clumps of 3-5, basally with short stilt roots. Mature STEMS unbranched, 6-8 m tall, 7-8 cm. in diam.; wood very hard; internodes about 10 cm (2 cm near the crown); bark dull reddish brown, distally with red-brown tomentum, ringed with that were formerly included in Vonitra. In fact D dransfieldii, as an intermediate between Vonitra close leaf scars. LEAVES 6-12 per crown, porrect, marcescent; sheaths with thick reddish brown tomentum, 36-48 cm, proximally about 16 cm wide when flattened, deeply channelled, distally 0.5-1.8 x 0.6-1.2 cm, with pale brown fibrous tattering, margins 2.5-3 cm wide, red-brown tomentose; on the opposite side from the petiole with a long, mid-brown, 12-16 cm fibrous tongue; petiole absent, but pseudopetiole appearing after disintegration of sheath material, 15-30 cm, channelled, straw-brown with scattered minute scales; rachis 1.3-1.7 m, puberulous or with flaking grey-brown tomentum, in mid-leaf 0.7-1.2 x 0.5-0.7 cm and keeled; leaflets 33-34 on each side of the rachis, regular, slightly sigmoid, proximal leaflets 28-57 x 0.4-1.8 cm, median 52-62 x 1.9-3.2 cm (leaflet interval 4-5 cm), distal 15-39 x 0.5-2.9 cm, with bifid apices, main veins 3-5, midrib prominent adaxially, apices attenuate, glabrous. Sucker shoots with bifid leaves; young leaves tinged pink. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, branched to two orders, erect, 2-2.6 m, projecting beyond the leaves, dull reddish brown; peduncle 141-200 cm, round in cross-section, proximally 1.2-2 x 0.5-1.5 cm, green overlaid with red-brown tomentum, glabrescent, distally 0.7-1.8 x 0.5-0.8 cm, pinkish; prophyll 72-91 cm long, borne at 7-16 cm above the base of the peduncle, cylindrical, split only near the apex, with flaking redbrown tomentum; peduncular bract pale cream, inserted at 30-44 cm above the base of the peduncle, 124-126 cm long, with scattered scales, beaked for about 8.5 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; non-tubular peduncular bracts inserted at about 89 cm (1.5-6.5 x 0.7-1.6 cm), 102 cm (1 cm); rachis 30-45 cm, angular in parts, with about 15 branched and 14 unbranched first order branches, these flattened, swollen and 6 x 2-3 mm at base; rachillae 18-32 cm, slightly flattened, somewhat pitted, 1.2-2 mm. in diam. at anthesis, 2.5-3 mm. in diam. in fruit, covered with dense simple scales; flowers cream-coloured. STAMINATE FLOWERS with sepals 0.8-1.4 x 1.4-2.2 mm, unequal, keeled, hooded; petals 2.4-2.5 x 1.6-1.8 mm, ovate, acute; stamens 6, in 1 series (only on large magnification a slight distinction in 2 series apparent), the filaments 0.5-0.8 mm, anthers 1.6-1.8 x 0.4-0.6 mm, dorsifixed, the locules parallel; pistillode 0.8-1 mm high, c. 0.4 mm. in diam. PISTILLATE FLOWERS only known in bud stage, with sepals about 1.5 x 1.8 mm, petals about 1.3 x 1.2 mm, gynoecium about 1 x 0.7 mm. FRUIT ovoid, 15-20 x 12-14 mm, with persistant sepals 2-3 mm and persistent petals 3.5-6 x 5 mm, fruit verrucose when mature. SEED about 13 x 9 mm; endocarp with loose fibrous strands 10-22 mm long, the basal ones longest; endosperm ruminate for 2- mm. EOPHYLL bifid, with scaly petiole; scale leaves 2 (respectively 2 and 5-7 cm long). (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This species differs from D. nossibensis in the number of leaves, the number of leaflets, and the size of the peduncle. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zoone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This species is distinctive in its rather open clustering habit, fibrous leaf sheaths that do not form a well defined crownshaft (but lacking pendulous piassava) and the surprisingly long peduncle that projects beyond the leaves. Such inflorescences are reminiscent of those of the group of Dypsis species and Neodypsis, was one of the first pieces of evidence we discovered for the general blurring of generic boundaries within Dypsidinae, which has lead to the recognition of the single large genus Dypsis. Curious rather than beautiful, this palm is a distinctive feature of coastal white sand forests along the western side of the Masoala Peninsula and has been found nowhere else. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Endangered. Single site status, in a fragile habitat.<br />
<br />
An interesting and very rare, newly described species that represents a link between the former Madagascar palm genera Neodypsis and Vonitra. It is known only from a single site in coastal forest on the Masoala Peninsula in north-eastern Madagascar. D. dransfieldii produces a small cluster of three to five stems that grow up to 8 cm (3 in) in diameter, each topped with a fairly compact crown of ascending, flat leaves. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
This is a very slow growing species in the subtropics and is best suited to the tropics but does still grow fine in a protected area in the subtropics in a frost free area, Dypsis dransfieldii is still very rare in cultivation even today but is a very attractive palm and once established it seems to be a lot harder and has lovely golden stems. (Utopia Palms & Cycads, Queensland, Australia.)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Dypsis dransfieldii.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii.<br />
image:160004.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:DypDra.jpg||Hawaii. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com.<br />
image:Dypsis-dransfieldii0.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:E244a6fb-d682-41ad-b63d-f37fa32c4f71.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:218476e3-09a2-4800-981e-fa7559f98b00.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:62614ddf-9c94-46e7-b1a1-91980e462e44.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis_dransfieldii_BA.jpg|Photo taken at Bill Austin's garden in Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:post-4755-0-66520300-1378321782.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Bill Austin.<br />
File:b70746.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:Dypsisdransfieldii4776.JPG|Utopia Palms & Cycads, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Clayton York.<br />
File:P1010248Dypsisdransfieldii.JPG|Madagascar. "Philip Arrowsmith took this photo with John dransfield standing holding the species named after him." Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
File:27396570885_0bf97cfdc7_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27298403412_a81772ffe6_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27298383352_5e3d54ddda_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|dransfieldii]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_dransfieldii
Vonitra dransfieldii
2023-02-14T17:41:19Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis dransfieldii to Vonitra dransfieldii</p>
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<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=27298383352_5e3d54ddda_o.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>dransfieldii (dranz-FEELD-ee)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|variety=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=<br />
|height=6-8 meters<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|ssi=<br />
|common_names=<br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to North East Madagascar: Masoala Peninsula. Littoral forest, on steep or [[File:27396570885_0bf97cfdc7_o.jpg|thumb|left|390px|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".]]level slope; alt. 2-20 m.<br />
==Description==<br />
Clustering palm in clumps of 3-5, basally with short stilt roots. Mature STEMS unbranched, 6-8 m tall, 7-8 cm. in diam.; wood very hard; internodes about 10 cm (2 cm near the crown); bark dull reddish brown, distally with red-brown tomentum, ringed with that were formerly included in Vonitra. In fact D dransfieldii, as an intermediate between Vonitra close leaf scars. LEAVES 6-12 per crown, porrect, marcescent; sheaths with thick reddish brown tomentum, 36-48 cm, proximally about 16 cm wide when flattened, deeply channelled, distally 0.5-1.8 x 0.6-1.2 cm, with pale brown fibrous tattering, margins 2.5-3 cm wide, red-brown tomentose; on the opposite side from the petiole with a long, mid-brown, 12-16 cm fibrous tongue; petiole absent, but pseudopetiole appearing after disintegration of sheath material, 15-30 cm, channelled, straw-brown with scattered minute scales; rachis 1.3-1.7 m, puberulous or with flaking grey-brown tomentum, in mid-leaf 0.7-1.2 x 0.5-0.7 cm and keeled; leaflets 33-34 on each side of the rachis, regular, slightly sigmoid, proximal leaflets 28-57 x 0.4-1.8 cm, median 52-62 x 1.9-3.2 cm (leaflet interval 4-5 cm), distal 15-39 x 0.5-2.9 cm, with bifid apices, main veins 3-5, midrib prominent adaxially, apices attenuate, glabrous. Sucker shoots with bifid leaves; young leaves tinged pink. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, branched to two orders, erect, 2-2.6 m, projecting beyond the leaves, dull reddish brown; peduncle 141-200 cm, round in cross-section, proximally 1.2-2 x 0.5-1.5 cm, green overlaid with red-brown tomentum, glabrescent, distally 0.7-1.8 x 0.5-0.8 cm, pinkish; prophyll 72-91 cm long, borne at 7-16 cm above the base of the peduncle, cylindrical, split only near the apex, with flaking redbrown tomentum; peduncular bract pale cream, inserted at 30-44 cm above the base of the peduncle, 124-126 cm long, with scattered scales, beaked for about 8.5 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; non-tubular peduncular bracts inserted at about 89 cm (1.5-6.5 x 0.7-1.6 cm), 102 cm (1 cm); rachis 30-45 cm, angular in parts, with about 15 branched and 14 unbranched first order branches, these flattened, swollen and 6 x 2-3 mm at base; rachillae 18-32 cm, slightly flattened, somewhat pitted, 1.2-2 mm. in diam. at anthesis, 2.5-3 mm. in diam. in fruit, covered with dense simple scales; flowers cream-coloured. STAMINATE FLOWERS with sepals 0.8-1.4 x 1.4-2.2 mm, unequal, keeled, hooded; petals 2.4-2.5 x 1.6-1.8 mm, ovate, acute; stamens 6, in 1 series (only on large magnification a slight distinction in 2 series apparent), the filaments 0.5-0.8 mm, anthers 1.6-1.8 x 0.4-0.6 mm, dorsifixed, the locules parallel; pistillode 0.8-1 mm high, c. 0.4 mm. in diam. PISTILLATE FLOWERS only known in bud stage, with sepals about 1.5 x 1.8 mm, petals about 1.3 x 1.2 mm, gynoecium about 1 x 0.7 mm. FRUIT ovoid, 15-20 x 12-14 mm, with persistant sepals 2-3 mm and persistent petals 3.5-6 x 5 mm, fruit verrucose when mature. SEED about 13 x 9 mm; endocarp with loose fibrous strands 10-22 mm long, the basal ones longest; endosperm ruminate for 2- mm. EOPHYLL bifid, with scaly petiole; scale leaves 2 (respectively 2 and 5-7 cm long). (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
This species differs from D. nossibensis in the number of leaves, the number of leaflets, and the size of the peduncle. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zoone: 10a<br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
This species is distinctive in its rather open clustering habit, fibrous leaf sheaths that do not form a well defined crownshaft (but lacking pendulous piassava) and the surprisingly long peduncle that projects beyond the leaves. Such inflorescences are reminiscent of those of the group of Dypsis species and Neodypsis, was one of the first pieces of evidence we discovered for the general blurring of generic boundaries within Dypsidinae, which has lead to the recognition of the single large genus Dypsis. Curious rather than beautiful, this palm is a distinctive feature of coastal white sand forests along the western side of the Masoala Peninsula and has been found nowhere else. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
Conservation: Endangered. Single site status, in a fragile habitat.<br />
<br />
An interesting and very rare, newly described species that represents a link between the former Madagascar palm genera Neodypsis and Vonitra. It is known only from a single site in coastal forest on the Masoala Peninsula in north-eastern Madagascar. D. dransfieldii produces a small cluster of three to five stems that grow up to 8 cm (3 in) in diameter, each topped with a fairly compact crown of ascending, flat leaves. (RPS.com)<br />
<br />
This is a very slow growing species in the subtropics and is best suited to the tropics but does still grow fine in a protected area in the subtropics in a frost free area, Dypsis dransfieldii is still very rare in cultivation even today but is a very attractive palm and once established it seems to be a lot harder and has lovely golden stems. (Utopia Palms & Cycads, Queensland, Australia.)<br />
<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
image:Dypsis dransfieldii.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii.<br />
image:160004.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
image:DypDra.jpg||Hawaii. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com.<br />
image:Dypsis-dransfieldii0.jpg|In habitat. Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
image:E244a6fb-d682-41ad-b63d-f37fa32c4f71.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:218476e3-09a2-4800-981e-fa7559f98b00.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:62614ddf-9c94-46e7-b1a1-91980e462e44.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:Dypsis_dransfieldii_BA.jpg|Photo taken at Bill Austin's garden in Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:post-4755-0-66520300-1378321782.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Bill Austin.<br />
File:b70746.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein.<br />
File:Dypsisdransfieldii4776.JPG|Utopia Palms & Cycads, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Clayton York.<br />
File:P1010248Dypsisdransfieldii.JPG|Madagascar. "Philip Arrowsmith took this photo with John dransfield standing holding the species named after him." Photo by Clayton York, Utopia Palms & Cycads.<br />
File:27396570885_0bf97cfdc7_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27298403412_a81772ffe6_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
File:27298383352_5e3d54ddda_o.jpg|Tampolo - Masoala - Madagascar (2016) - East Coast of Madagascar. Photo by "Olivier Reilhes".<br />
<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|dransfieldii]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_dransfieldii
Dypsis dransfieldii
2023-02-14T17:41:19Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis dransfieldii to Vonitra dransfieldii</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra dransfieldii]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_crinita
Vonitra crinita
2023-02-14T17:38:58Z
<p>Joaocosta: </p>
<hr />
<div><big>__noeditsection__<br />
"Vonitra Palm"</big><br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=A381aaa1-b621-4d81-98ce-e8679557e3ea.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Ambatovaky, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Vonitra<br />
|species=<br>crinita (krih-NEET-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (general). <br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Northwest and Northeast Madagascar: Manongarivo, Masoala Peninsula and Mananara [[image:4d29f1ca-a1f0-4f47-9674-3b9cdd12406d.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]Biosphere Reserve. Streamsides; alt. 200-250 m; may grow as a rheophyte.<br />
==Description==<br />
Clustering palm in tufts of 2-4. TRUNK 4-15 m high, usually branched 2-3 times, rarely unbranched, grey, conspicuously ringed, 12-20 cm (Perrier: to 35 cm) in diam., slightly inflated at the base, about 10 cm in diam. near the crown, distally covered in sheath fibers; internodes 2-3 cm, nodal scars 0.5 cm; wood pink, rather soft. LEAVES 12-15 in each crown, arching, held on edge in the distal half; sheath 54-56 cm long, proximally c. 5 cm wide, with very fibrous margins, red-brown tomentose, the tongue opposite the petiole said by Perrier to be very long; petiole 90-100 cm long, proximally about 2 x 1.3 cm in diam., distally 1.2-2 x 0.6-1 cm, channelled with sharp edges, abaxially with patches of red hairs; rachis 2-3 m long, in mid-leaf 0.6-0.9 x 0.5 cm in diam., strongly keeled; leaflets regular, 51- 60 on each side of the rachis, bright green, stiff, slightly sigmoid, the proximal 53-78 x 0.7-1.8 cm, the median 54-75 x 2.3-3 cm, distal 11-32 x 1.2-2.7 cm, the terminal pair joined for c. 4 cm and toothed at the apex, main veins 5-7, prominent adaxially, few large red-brown ramenta on abaxial midrib, apices attenuate. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, among the fibrous mass, many per tree, erect, branched to 2 orders; peduncle 126-180 cm long, proximally about 2.5 cm in diam., distally 2.2 cm in diam., with reddish laciniate scales, glabrescent; prophyll 52- 59 cm long, 3.7 cm wide; peduncular bract inserted at c. 15 cm from the base of the peduncle, c. 200 cm long, beaked for 7-11 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; rachis about 40 cm long, with about 10 branched and 10 unbranched first order branches, these with bulbous bases and more distally 6 x 2.5 mm in diam.; rachillae pendulous, very many, 45-64 cm long, 2-3 mm in diam., with many small stellate scales; triads spaced, more distally replaced by pairs. STAMINATE FLOWERS with sepals very unequal, the outermost smallest, keeled, hooded, proximally gibbous, 2-2.3 x 2.5-3.5 mm, with minute fringe of hairs on margins; petals purplish at anthesis, equal, ovate, acute, about 2.5 x 1.8 mm; stamens biseriate, filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers 0.3-0.5 mm, basifixed; pistillode about 1.5 mm, bottleshaped. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals unequal, hooded, keeled, 1.8-2.8 x 4-6 mm, imbricate; petals imbricate, orbicular, rounded, 3.5- 3.8 x 4-6 mm, the innermost enveloping the gynoecium for 270°; ovary about 3.5 x 3.3 mm, asymmetrical; staminodes 6, flat, tooth-shaped, 0.5-1 mm high. FRUIT slightly ovoid, green turning purple-black, 20-24 x 17-18 mm; endocarp fibrous. SEED 15-17 x 11-13 mm; endosperm with dense deep ruminations reaching the centre of the seed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
No specimens were mentioned in the protologue; the species was said to grow at 200 m in the Manongarivo. Beccari studied a sheet of the species given to him by Jumelle, and says (Beccari 1910) that it came from Ananalave in Manongarivo. Jumelle and Perrier (1913) suddenly state the altitude as 1,200 m, and this altitude is repeated in Jumelle (1927a), which also cites Perrier 10052 as the sole specimen; Jumelle and Perrier (1945) repeats the altitude, and the specimen is again cited, but is now said to have come from the Ampasimena Peninsula at the W base of Manongarivo. This conforms to a sheet in Paris, Perrier 12052, which agrees with the description. To the west of Manongarivo there is the Ampasindava Peninsula, with a small headland called Ampasimena; in the peninsula the altitude does not rise above 800 meters. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
<center><br />
[[{{PFC}}http://www.palmpedia.net/palmsforcal/index.php5/Dypsis_crinita]]<br />
</center><br />
==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
A This is one of the commonest palms of valley bottoms of rain forests in the lowlands of north and north-east Madagascar. It is particularly abundant as a riverside tree along the fast-flowing rocky rivers that flow out into the Bay of Antongil. It is a robust palm, immediately distinguishable by its tall, dichotomously branched trunks, abundant piassava (leaf sheath fibre), liver-coloured young leaves and long inflorescences, branched to two orders, usually with many inflorescences in each crown. Seedlings of this species must frequently be submerged by flood water, and in this respect behave as rheophytes, although when the trees are mature, the crowns tower well above the water level. In deep humid valleys, this palm can often be found in large numbers, adding a very special beauty to the riverside scenery. An epiphytic orchid (Eulophiella) can often be found growing in the piassava of big old plants of D. crinita. It seems likely that this palm is in cultivation, as it is easily accessible to seed collectors and produces large quantities of fruit, but we know of no critically identified plants in collections. The name means 'with tufts of long hairs', presumably a reference to the leaf sheath fibre. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
D. crinita possesses a growth habit rare in palms: It is simultaneously clustering<br />
and branching. Moreover, it is quite ornamental. Because its upper stems are<br />
covered with fibers, known as piassava, which emanate from leaf sheaths, it can be<br />
thought of as Madagascar’s Old Man Palm – if you somehow overlook the fact that<br />
it’s pinnate. Natively, it grows close enough to fast-moving streams to qualify, at <br />
least at the juvenile stage, as a rheophyte. Consequently, when raised in<br />
cultivation, its moisture requirements should not be ignored. D. crinita can be<br />
grown in the ground in southern Florida, but its branched bearded trunks can also<br />
be shown off to great effect in a decorative container. In the wild, mature stem<br />
height is 13 to 49 ft., with a diameter of 5 to 8 in. Newly-opened leaves are<br />
reddish-brown – some say liver-colored – but variations in hue may be influenced<br />
by soil types. Numerous branched inflorescences produce purple-black fruit. Its<br />
IUCN Red List conservation status is Near Threatened, with an unknown<br />
population trend. (fairchildgarden.org)<br />
<br />
Conservation: Somewhat rare, and fairly restricted in distribution, though numbers are in the thousands rather than hundreds.<br />
<br />
Uses: Heartwood used against children's cough (Manongarivo), piassava used as an oil filter (Manongarivo)(J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
A fast growing, midsized palm to 15 m (50 ft.) tall that inhabits the sides of small rocky streams and rivers in rainforests in the north of Madagascar. Its slender, branching trunks, thickly clothed in abundant piassava leaf sheath fibers, and the beautiful reddish emergent new leaves give it a unique charm. It is best suited to humid locations in the tropical or warm subtropical garden. (RPS.com)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Dypsis crinitas.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
Image:Dyp crin hab.jpg|Habitat, Madagascar.<br />
Image:Dypsis crinita Sull.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii.<br />
image:P1020146dcrinitadaryl.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia, photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:P1020143dcrinitadaryl.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia, photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:8d54f01f-2801-46f9-9a68-742b11b0ecac.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:433ce134-38b8-418e-9f9e-073eeb01e8dd.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:F93a1d1b-b33b-4a6b-ae29-452623f12ce3.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:A381aaa1-b621-4d81-98ce-e8679557e3ea.jpg|Ambatovaky, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:80f58c33-0791-450e-9347-291a6db8a8f3.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:4d29f1ca-a1f0-4f47-9674-3b9cdd12406d.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:dypsis-crinitamadagascar.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Mijoro Rakotoarinivo/Kew.<br />
File:dcoriginal87885.jpg|Analanjirofo, Toamasina, MG, AF. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona.<br />
image:DcDSCN4650_(1024x768).jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:DcDSCN4651_(768x1024).jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:DcIMG_2155.jpg|North Palm Beach, FL., Photo by Andy<br />
image:DcIMG_2156.jpg|North Palm Beach, FL., Photo by Andy<br />
image:DypCri.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
</gallery></center><br />
==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}<br />
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:VONITRA|crinita]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Vonitra_crinita
Vonitra crinita
2023-02-14T17:36:43Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Chrysalidocarpus crinita to Vonitra crinita</p>
<hr />
<div>__noeditsection__<br />
{{Palmbox<br />
|image=A381aaa1-b621-4d81-98ce-e8679557e3ea.jpg<br />
|image_caption=Ambatovaky, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
|genus=Dypsis (DIP-sis)<br />
|species=<br>crinita (krih-NEET-ah)<br />
|subspecies=<br />
|cultivar=<br />
|synonyms=<br />
|continent=africa<br />
|habit=Clustering<br />
|leaf_type=Pinnate<br />
|height=<br />
|trunk_diameter=<br />
|sun_exposure=<br />
|watering=<br />
|soil_type=<br />
|msi=<br />
|common_names=Vonitra (general). <br />
}}<br />
==Habitat and Distribution==<br />
Endemic to Northwest and Northeast Madagascar: Manongarivo, Masoala Peninsula and Mananara [[image:4d29f1ca-a1f0-4f47-9674-3b9cdd12406d.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.]]Biosphere Reserve. Streamsides; alt. 200-250 m; may grow as a rheophyte.<br />
==Description==<br />
Clustering palm in tufts of 2-4. TRUNK 4-15 m high, usually branched 2-3 times, rarely unbranched, grey, conspicuously ringed, 12-20 cm (Perrier: to 35 cm) in diam., slightly inflated at the base, about 10 cm in diam. near the crown, distally covered in sheath fibers; internodes 2-3 cm, nodal scars 0.5 cm; wood pink, rather soft. LEAVES 12-15 in each crown, arching, held on edge in the distal half; sheath 54-56 cm long, proximally c. 5 cm wide, with very fibrous margins, red-brown tomentose, the tongue opposite the petiole said by Perrier to be very long; petiole 90-100 cm long, proximally about 2 x 1.3 cm in diam., distally 1.2-2 x 0.6-1 cm, channelled with sharp edges, abaxially with patches of red hairs; rachis 2-3 m long, in mid-leaf 0.6-0.9 x 0.5 cm in diam., strongly keeled; leaflets regular, 51- 60 on each side of the rachis, bright green, stiff, slightly sigmoid, the proximal 53-78 x 0.7-1.8 cm, the median 54-75 x 2.3-3 cm, distal 11-32 x 1.2-2.7 cm, the terminal pair joined for c. 4 cm and toothed at the apex, main veins 5-7, prominent adaxially, few large red-brown ramenta on abaxial midrib, apices attenuate. INFLORESCENCE interfoliar, among the fibrous mass, many per tree, erect, branched to 2 orders; peduncle 126-180 cm long, proximally about 2.5 cm in diam., distally 2.2 cm in diam., with reddish laciniate scales, glabrescent; prophyll 52- 59 cm long, 3.7 cm wide; peduncular bract inserted at c. 15 cm from the base of the peduncle, c. 200 cm long, beaked for 7-11 cm, abscising and carried upwards by the lengthening inflorescence; rachis about 40 cm long, with about 10 branched and 10 unbranched first order branches, these with bulbous bases and more distally 6 x 2.5 mm in diam.; rachillae pendulous, very many, 45-64 cm long, 2-3 mm in diam., with many small stellate scales; triads spaced, more distally replaced by pairs. STAMINATE FLOWERS with sepals very unequal, the outermost smallest, keeled, hooded, proximally gibbous, 2-2.3 x 2.5-3.5 mm, with minute fringe of hairs on margins; petals purplish at anthesis, equal, ovate, acute, about 2.5 x 1.8 mm; stamens biseriate, filaments 1.3-1.5 mm, anthers 0.3-0.5 mm, basifixed; pistillode about 1.5 mm, bottleshaped. PISTILLATE FLOWERS with sepals unequal, hooded, keeled, 1.8-2.8 x 4-6 mm, imbricate; petals imbricate, orbicular, rounded, 3.5- 3.8 x 4-6 mm, the innermost enveloping the gynoecium for 270°; ovary about 3.5 x 3.3 mm, asymmetrical; staminodes 6, flat, tooth-shaped, 0.5-1 mm high. FRUIT slightly ovoid, green turning purple-black, 20-24 x 17-18 mm; endocarp fibrous. SEED 15-17 x 11-13 mm; endosperm with dense deep ruminations reaching the centre of the seed. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.<br />
<br />
No specimens were mentioned in the protologue; the species was said to grow at 200 m in the Manongarivo. Beccari studied a sheet of the species given to him by Jumelle, and says (Beccari 1910) that it came from Ananalave in Manongarivo. Jumelle and Perrier (1913) suddenly state the altitude as 1,200 m, and this altitude is repeated in Jumelle (1927a), which also cites Perrier 10052 as the sole specimen; Jumelle and Perrier (1945) repeats the altitude, and the specimen is again cited, but is now said to have come from the Ampasimena Peninsula at the W base of Manongarivo. This conforms to a sheet in Paris, Perrier 12052, which agrees with the description. To the west of Manongarivo there is the Ampasindava Peninsula, with a small headland called Ampasimena; in the peninsula the altitude does not rise above 800 meters. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
==Culture==<br />
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a<br />
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==Comments and Curiosities==<br />
A This is one of the commonest palms of valley bottoms of rain forests in the lowlands of north and north-east Madagascar. It is particularly abundant as a riverside tree along the fast-flowing rocky rivers that flow out into the Bay of Antongil. It is a robust palm, immediately distinguishable by its tall, dichotomously branched trunks, abundant piassava (leaf sheath fibre), liver-coloured young leaves and long inflorescences, branched to two orders, usually with many inflorescences in each crown. Seedlings of this species must frequently be submerged by flood water, and in this respect behave as rheophytes, although when the trees are mature, the crowns tower well above the water level. In deep humid valleys, this palm can often be found in large numbers, adding a very special beauty to the riverside scenery. An epiphytic orchid (Eulophiella) can often be found growing in the piassava of big old plants of D. crinita. It seems likely that this palm is in cultivation, as it is easily accessible to seed collectors and produces large quantities of fruit, but we know of no critically identified plants in collections. The name means 'with tufts of long hairs', presumably a reference to the leaf sheath fibre. (J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
D. crinita possesses a growth habit rare in palms: It is simultaneously clustering<br />
and branching. Moreover, it is quite ornamental. Because its upper stems are<br />
covered with fibers, known as piassava, which emanate from leaf sheaths, it can be<br />
thought of as Madagascar’s Old Man Palm – if you somehow overlook the fact that<br />
it’s pinnate. Natively, it grows close enough to fast-moving streams to qualify, at <br />
least at the juvenile stage, as a rheophyte. Consequently, when raised in<br />
cultivation, its moisture requirements should not be ignored. D. crinita can be<br />
grown in the ground in southern Florida, but its branched bearded trunks can also<br />
be shown off to great effect in a decorative container. In the wild, mature stem<br />
height is 13 to 49 ft., with a diameter of 5 to 8 in. Newly-opened leaves are<br />
reddish-brown – some say liver-colored – but variations in hue may be influenced<br />
by soil types. Numerous branched inflorescences produce purple-black fruit. Its<br />
IUCN Red List conservation status is Near Threatened, with an unknown<br />
population trend. (fairchildgarden.org)<br />
<br />
Conservation: Somewhat rare, and fairly restricted in distribution, though numbers are in the thousands rather than hundreds.<br />
<br />
Uses: Heartwood used against children's cough (Manongarivo), piassava used as an oil filter (Manongarivo)(J. Dransfield and H. Beentje. 1995)/Palmweb.<br />
<br />
A fast growing, midsized palm to 15 m (50 ft.) tall that inhabits the sides of small rocky streams and rivers in rainforests in the north of Madagascar. Its slender, branching trunks, thickly clothed in abundant piassava leaf sheath fibers, and the beautiful reddish emergent new leaves give it a unique charm. It is best suited to humid locations in the tropical or warm subtropical garden. (RPS.com)<br />
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""><br />
Image:Dypsis crinitas.jpg|Hawaii.<br />
Image:Dyp crin hab.jpg|Habitat, Madagascar.<br />
Image:Dypsis crinita Sull.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii.<br />
image:P1020146dcrinitadaryl.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia, photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:P1020143dcrinitadaryl.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia, photo by Daryl O'Connor<br />
image:8d54f01f-2801-46f9-9a68-742b11b0ecac.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:433ce134-38b8-418e-9f9e-073eeb01e8dd.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:F93a1d1b-b33b-4a6b-ae29-452623f12ce3.jpg|Antanambe, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:A381aaa1-b621-4d81-98ce-e8679557e3ea.jpg|Ambatovaky, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:80f58c33-0791-450e-9347-291a6db8a8f3.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Henk Beentje, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
image:4d29f1ca-a1f0-4f47-9674-3b9cdd12406d.jpg|Antalavia, Masoala, Madagascar. Photo by Dr. John Dransfield, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.<br />
File:dypsis-crinitamadagascar.jpg|Madagascar. Photo by Dr. Mijoro Rakotoarinivo/Kew.<br />
File:dcoriginal87885.jpg|Analanjirofo, Toamasina, MG, AF. Photo by Dr. Romer Rabarijaona.<br />
image:DcDSCN4650_(1024x768).jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:DcDSCN4651_(768x1024).jpg|Sunshine Coast Hinterland, Queensland, Australia. Photo by Wal<br />
image:DcIMG_2155.jpg|North Palm Beach, FL., Photo by Andy<br />
image:DcIMG_2156.jpg|North Palm Beach, FL., Photo by Andy<br />
image:DypCri.jpg|Photo-Rare Palm Seeds.com<br />
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==External Links==<br />
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]<br />
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]<br />
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]<br />
==References==<br />
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.<br />
<br />
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.<br />
<br />
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).<br />
<br />
Dransfield, J. & Beentje, H. 1995. The Palms of Madagascar. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and The International Palm Society.<br />
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[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]<br />
[[Category:DYPSIS|crinita]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Chrysalidocarpus_crinita
Chrysalidocarpus crinita
2023-02-14T17:36:43Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Chrysalidocarpus crinita to Vonitra crinita</p>
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<div>#REDIRECT [[Vonitra crinita]]</div>
Joaocosta
https://palmpedia.net/wiki/Dypsis_crinita
Dypsis crinita
2023-02-14T17:36:29Z
<p>Joaocosta: Joaocosta moved page Dypsis crinita to Chrysalidocarpus crinita</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Chrysalidocarpus crinita]]</div>
Joaocosta