#REDIRECT [[Beccariophoenix fenestralis]]

Beccariophoenix fenestralis

2014-06-03T23:04:11Z

Geoff_blocked_old: Geoff moved page Beccariophoenix sp. 'windows' to Beccariophoenix fenestralis: new name proposed (and will soon be official) by John Dransfield

*[http://www.palmpedia.net/wiki/Category:Palms_of_Madagascar SUB CATEGORY PALMS OF MADAGASCAR]
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[[Image:F120614e3bgljeff.jpg|thumb|left|560px|Floribunda, Hawaii, Jeff Marcus for scale, photo by BGL, edric.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Beccariophoenix big Lyons.jpg
|image_caption=Lyons Arboretum, Hawaii
|genus=Beccariophoenix (bek-kahr-ee-oh-FEE-niks)
|species=fenestralis
|subspecies=
|cultivar=
|synonyms=
|continent=africa
|habit=Solitary
|leaf_type=Pinnate
|height=
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=
|watering=
|soil_type=
|msi=
|common_names=
}}
{{Palm Page}}
==Habitat and Distribution==
Endemic to Madagascar.
==Description==
Beccariophoenix fenestralis is a spectacular, massive Coconut relative, that is rare and endangered.
==Culture==
Obviously this is a great palm for the tropics, growing fast, tall and extremely robust. In the more humid climates it seems wind and full sun hardy. However, in a drier, cooler climate such as southern California, this has been a struggle for palm enthusiasts for several decades now. Since it does survive here (it has a cold tolerance down into the 20Fs, but it doesn't like staying down there), it is grown very often, but few individuals survive to adulthood, nor look all that great trying to get there. This hapless palm is constantly struggling in California with chlorosis (particularly in hot sun), does very poorly in dry winds, and cool winters are very hard on it (plants generally stop growing completely and foliage appearance tends to decline). It is extremely prone to bud rot when tap water gets in the crown in cooler seasons. Now that there are two superior Beccariophoenix for California, maybe most palm enthusiasts will discontinue the palm torture and direct their energies elsewhere.
==Comments and Curiosities==

==External Links==
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnvbYEcMMHo
==References==
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.

Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px">
Image:BecWin2.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Jeff Marcus for scale. Hawaii.
Image:BecWin1.jpg|Floribunda Palms, Hawaii.
image:F120614e3bgljeff.jpg|Floribunda, Hawaii, Jeff Marcus for scale, photo by BGL, edric.
Image:BecWin.JPG|Photo and Garden - Mike Jamison, Port Macquarie, Australia.
Image:Beccariophoenix in sun Bo.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii. Photo by BGL, edric.
image:Rich110123y4Beccariophoenix_sp._windows.jpg|Big Island, Hawaii. Photo by BGL, edric.
image:Post-22-0-12229500-1393401977.jpg|Harold L. Lyon Arboretum, a 200-acre arboretum in Mānoa Valley, Honolulu, Oahu, Hawaii. Photo by BGL, edric.
Image:Ho'o43.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.
Image:Beccariophoenxi still windows.jpg|Hawaii.
Image:Beccariophoenix seedling Ho.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.
image:E1c714b5-21f9-448f-88bc-2f8dab7b796bz.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. With 'windows'. Phoyo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Image:Beccariophoenix juv.jpg|With windows.
Image:Beccariophoenix big Lyons.jpg|Lyons Arboretum, Hawaii.
image:Becarriophoenix2-maas_small.JPG|Pahoa, Hawaii, photo by Charles Maas, edric.
image:Becarriophoenix-maas_small2.jpg|Pahoa, Hawaii, photo by Charles Maas, edric.
image:Becarriophoenix1-maas_small.JPG|Pahoa, Hawaii, photo by Charles Maas, edric.
image:BspwDSC_6966.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor, edric.
image:BspwDSC_6969.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor, edric.
image:BspwinP1050100.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor, edric.
image:BwP1080394.jpg|Gold Coast Hinterland, Queensland. Photo by Daryl O'Connor, edric.
</gallery></center>
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:Palms of Madagascar]]
[[Category:BECCARIOPHOENIX|sp. 'windows']]

2013-01-12T20:13:13Z

Geoff_blocked_old:

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<google>CH02</google>
[[Image:Parajubaea_sunkhas_closer.JPG|thumb|left|820px|Ventura, CA. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.]]
{{Palmbox
|image=Sunkha11.jpg
|image_caption=Bolivia. Photo by Gaston Torres Vera, edric.
|genus=Parajubaea (pahr-ah-joo-BEH-uh)
|species=sunkha (SOON-khah)
|subspecies=
|variety=
|cultivar=
|synonyms=
|continent=america
|habit=Solitary
|leaf_type=Pinnate
|height=
|trunk_diameter=
|sun_exposure=
|watering=
|soil_type=
|msi=
|common_names=Sunkha, palma sunkha, corozo.
}}
{{Palm Page}}
==Habitat and Distribution==
Endemic to Bolivia. Restricted to narrow valleys with low semideciduous forests in the lower parts and with Podocarpus parlatorei Pilger, Alnus acuminata HBK, and Berberís sp. in the upper parts, partially transformed to grassy or shrubby slopes and ridges, in the Department of Santa Cruz, Province of Vallegrande (63°26'- 64°10'W, 18°10'-18°30'S). Populations occur between 1700 and 2200 m elevation in interandean dry valleys. It is locally abundant in protected ravines, but most of the population is being reduced by the cultivation of maize. This palm is much less common today than 50 years ago. Several local people referred to a formerly larger area of the sunkha palm that extended to the south of Vallegrande. (M. Moraes. 1996)
==Description==
Stem 4-10(-14) m tall, 25-50 cm in diam., covered to the base with old sheaths. Leaves 18-26 per crown, 2-3 m long, erect and arching in distal third portion; sheath 35-120 cm long, with a dense tough brown fiber 1-1.35 m long, 40-70 cm wide; petiole 33- 100 cm long; rachis 2-2.5 m long, triangular in cross section at apex; pinnae 66-92 per side, lanceolate, irregularly inserted in groups of 2-5, 3-4 cm apart, in one plane, plicate at base, green and lustrous adaxially, glaucous abaxially; basal pinnae 45-80 X 0.4-1.1 cm; middle pinnae 62-70 X 2.5- 3 cm; apical pinnae 40-52 X 0.3-0.8 cm. Inflorescences up to six per plant. 1.8-2.5 in long, buds erect becoming pendulous at anthesis: prophyll ca. 1.4 m long and 13 cm diam. at base; peduncular bract 0.85-1.75 m long, apiculate, inflated above, woody, sulcate, brown externally, glabrous and white-cream internally; peduncle 60-80 cm long, glabrous; rachis 38-50 cm long, glabrous; rachillae 33-50 spirally arranged, spreading at anthesis, the basal ones 18-32 cm long, the middle ones 28 cm long, the apical ones 21-25 cm long; staminate flowers pedicellate, pedicel 2-6 mm, yellow-orangish; sepals free, briefly connate basally: petals broadly triangular, 10 X 6 mm, valvate; stamens 13-15, 6 mm long; filaments 2 mm long; anthers 4 mm long, medifixed, slightly sagittate; pistillode trifid; pistillate flowers 4-5(-8) per rachilla, basally inserted, 8.5 X 10 mm; sepals and petals broadly triangular, 10 X 13 mm, petals slightly smaller than sepals; staminodial ring to 2 mm tall, with 6 short teeth; ovary brownish beige tomentose; stigmas to 1 mm long; ovule basal. Fruit ovoid, 3-5 cm long, 2.5-3 cm in diam.; epicarp light green, orange at apex; mesocarp very fibrous; endocarp stonish, brown with 3 inconspicuous ridges; seeds 1(- 2), 2-2.5 cm long; endosperm homogeneous with central cavity; eophyll bifid. (M. Moraes. 1996) Editing by edric.

Much material previously cited was misidentified as Parajubaea torallyi (Moraes & Henderson, 1990), to which the new species P. sunkha is undoubtedly closely related, and with which it is wholly allopatric. Parajubaea torallyi is a tree 20-26 m tall, with a smooth and slender stem, and pinnae regularly arranged. It grows on steep western slopes of sandstone mountains ranging from 2000 to 3400 m. There are two populations, which differ in fruit size, shape of endocarp, and number of stamens. They are treated as two varieties of P. torallyi. (M. Moraes. 1996)
==Culture==
Cool temperate areas. Drought and frost tolerant. Requires good drainage. This species of Parajubaea appears to be one of the hardiest and least problematic in southern California, where frequently Parajubaea cocoides rots or sputters unexpectedly and Parajubaea a bit less often. It is a moderately fast growing palm for southern California slowing down a bit once it forms a trunk (relative to the growth of Parajubaea torrallyi) but it holds a larger crown of leaves making it look more lush than the other species in this genus. Its frost tolerance is good down to about 25F but questionable below that. It tolerates full sun in inland California (but not yet tested in the desert regions) and very high winds once well rooted. Plants planted in heavy clay tend to battle root problems and tend to blow over in high winds (does not appear to be a problem in the other species). Editing by Geoff Stein
==Comments and Curiosities==
"Only very recently described (1996), the most visible character is that this species keep reddish hairs, (fibres) called "sunkha" in the top of the trunk, and that have plenty of uses for the local peoples." (Gaston Torres Vera), edric.

Etymology: The vernacular Aymaran name of sunkha, which refers to the density of fibers, has been adopted for the species epithet.

Uses: This palm is exploited locally: fibers are collected for ropes, mattresses, and pads; leaves and leaflets for fans and baskets; fruits for human consumption; palmheart and young leaves for forage. Its fruits are sold in the market Vallegrande, its seeds are edible and have a pleasant taste, they also are used to make cupcakes, the fiber of the leaf bases are used in the manufacture of mattresses, pillows, rope, and saddle for horses.
==External Links==
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
*[http://www.plantapalm.com/wianame.htm Pronunciation Key]

==References==
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.

Special thanks to palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.

<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px">
image:Parajubaea_sunkhas_closer.JPG|Ventura, CA. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
image:Sunkha11.jpg|Bolivia. Photo by Gaston Torres Vera, edric.
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</gallery></center>
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
[[Category:PARAJUBAEA|sunkha]]