Calyptronoma plumeriana

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Calyptronoma (kah-lip-tro-NO-mah) plumeriana (ploo-mehr-ee-AHN-ah)
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SoCal.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Calyptronoma (kah-lip-tro-NO-mah)
Species: plumeriana (ploo-mehr-ee-AHN-ah)
Synonyms
Calyptronoma dulcis
Native Continent
America
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Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Flor de confite, manaca, manaca colorada, manacla, palma de arroyo, palma manaca (Cuba, Dominican Republic); palm a vin (Haiti). "Palma justa", the local name for Prestoea montana (Graham) Nicholson in Cuba, has been misapplied (León 1944). (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Habitat and Distribution

Calyptronoma plumeriana is found in Cuba, Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Native to stream
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banks and arroyos, in the hills and mountains of Cuba and Hispaniola. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Description

Trunk l0 m. or more, 15-20.3 cm. in diam. Leaf 1.9-4.6 m. long, with 100-160 segments; segments 44.5-92 cm. long, 2.2-6.8 cm. wide, sometimes bearing inconspicuous multicellular trichomes on the abaxial intercostal surface. Prophyll 27.5- 41 cm. long, 6-9.5 cm. wide. Peduncle 44-78 cm. long and 1.1-2.6 cm. wide; rachillae 12.5-24(-26)cm. long, 3-6.7 mm. in diam., with (5-)6(-7) rows of pits; proximal rachillae borne in clusters of up to 4-7(-10), on stalks 0.9-5 cm. long, 0.4-1.2 cm. wide, clustered rachillae borne for 2/3 or more the length of the rachis; pits 2.4- 4.7 mm. long, 1.8-3.3 mm. wide, longitudinal distance between pits (lip to lip) 5.4-12 mm. Staminate flowers 5.1-8.5 mm long; sepals( 3.6-4.7 mm long, 0.8-1.7 mm wide; petals 4.7-6.2 mm long, 1.2-1.6 mm wide; staminal tube 3.4-7 mm. long, 1.3-1.7 mm. wide; filaments 1.1-1.5 mm. long; anthers 1-2.3 mm. long. Pistillate flowers 3.4-6.7 mm. long; sepals 3.2-4.9 mm. long, 0.7- 1.5 mm. wide; petals 3.2-5.4 mm. long, ca. 1.2 mm. wide; staminode 7.5-7.7 mm. long, 3.1-3.4 mm. wide; gynoecium 4.8-5.1 mm. long, style ca. 5.3 mm. long; ovary 0.7-0.8 mm. long. Fruit 6.8- 12.2 mm. long, 4.8-7.8 mm. in diam.; endocarp free from seed, strongly netlike; seed 3.8-6 mm. long, 2.8-4.8 mm. in diam. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

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Phenology: Records indicate that this species flowers from April to November in Cuba. Fruits have been collected throughout the year in Cuba. Available data from Hispaniola, suggest that this species flowers in July and fruits in December. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Although I take no pleasure from synonymizing - the well known name C. dulcis, the change is necessary in light of Lourtieg's lectotypification and circumscription of Geonoma plurmeriana. According to Lourteig, G. plumeriana can be referred to a species of Calyptronorna from Hispaniola, but it is now clear that two taxa on Calyptronoma are present on that island. The question then becomes: To which taxon does G. plumeriana apply? The two Hispaniolan taxa are readily distinguished by fruit and seed size. The original description of G. plumeriano noted that its fruits were of "the size of cherries" ("baccis cerasi magnitudine"). This characterization, although vague and inexact, more likely refers to the taxon long known as C. dulcis (fruits 4.8-7.8 mm. in diameter). The Hispaniolan taxon with smaller fruit (3.6-4.6 mm. in diameter) is C. rivalis. When Grisebach described G. dulcis, the type was designateda s "Wr. a. 1865." Subsequently, "Wright no. 1865" was designated as a type (Bailey 1938; Glassman 1972), but this is in error. As pointed out by León (1944), "1865" is the date of the collection not the collection number. The specimen corresponding to the year 1865 is Wright 265, and this is taken to be the type. The material at GOET, presumably seen by Grisebach, is the holotype. In the original description of Calyptrogyne microcarpa, León designated two syntypes: León 18574 with fruits and León 18449 with flowers. As the epithet describes the fruit size, I have selected León 18574 as the lectotype. In the original description of C. clementis, León cited a previously published name, Calyptrogyne swartzii, as used by Beccari (1912) and Grisebach (1866), excluding the synonyms cited by those authors and implicitly excluding the type of C. swartzii (see Art. 63.1 and 2 of the ICBN). León clearly gave these citations as misapplications of the name C. swartzii, which he knew to be a synonym of Calyptrogyne occidentalis (León 1944, p. 3). He in no way proposed C. clementis as a new name for the palm that was called C. swartzii. Calyptrogyne clementis is therefore interpreted as a new species (as León intended), not as a nomenclatural synonym of C. occidentalis. A useful character for distinguishing the two taxa of Calyptronoma in Hispaniola is the shape of the outer walls of the cells of the abaxial epidermis of the leaf. The outer walls of the abaxial epidermal cells of C. riaalis are strongly convex; while those of C. plumeriana (and C. occidentalis of Jamaica) are smooth. This character is extremely valuable for identifying sterile, mature specimens; however its usefulness with seedlings has not be tested. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Culture

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Comments and Curiosities

Uses: Leaves are used for thatch. The flowers and fruits are said to have a sweet flavor, and the terminal bud ("cabbage") is edible (Roig y Mesa l928; Alain 1961). (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Calyptronoma plumeriana, Mogote Miretiro, Cienfuegos, Cuba. Photo by Duanny Suárez

  • Photo by Dr. Andrew J. Henderson/Palmweb.

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  • -Calyptronoma plumer.jpg
  • Calyptronoma plumeriana0z.jpg
  • Calyptronoma plumeriana1.jpg
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  • Photo by Timothy Brian

  • "private garden, Hawaii under synonym Calyptronoma dulcis"

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  • SoCal.

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  • Cuba. Photo by Jason Schoneman

  • Cuba. Photo by Jason Schoneman

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Zona, S.1995. A Revision of Calyptronoma (Arecaceae). Principes 39: 140-151.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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