Chamaedorea klotzschiana
| Chamaedorea (kahm-eh-doh-REH-ah) klotzschiana (klotz-khee'-ahn-ah) | |||||||
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Contents
Habitat and Distribution
Chamaedorea klotzschiana is found in Rainforests of, Veracruz, and Mexico.
Description
Trunk type: Solitary, small green crownshaft, smooth slender dark green, prominent, very pale leaf scar rings. Trunk diameter: To 3cm, (1.25"). Height: To 3.6m (12'). Spread: To 1.8m (6'). Leaf detail: Pinnately compound, irregularly arranged, up to 0.9m (3'), glossy, medium to dark green, lanceolate leaflets. Inflorescence color: Pink, to red. Fruit color: Black. Editing by edric.
Habit: solitary, erect, 1-4 m tall. Stem: 1.5-2.8 cm in diam., green, smooth, prominently ringed, internodes 5-20 cm long. Leaves: 4-6 per crown, pinnate, erect-spreading; sheath 25-35 cm long, tubular, obliquely open apically, fibrous, green, drying grayish brown and persisting on stem, durable, nearly woody, longitudinally striate-nerved with a rounded ridge extending from petiole; petiole 17-40 cm long, slightly channeled and green above, rounded and pale below; rachis 0.6-1 m long, slightly angled and green above, rounded below with a ± inconspicuous greenish stripe extending onto sheath; pinnae 12-20 on each side of rachis, 20-40 x 3.6-5 cm, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, ± sigmoid, clustered in groups of 2-4, groups 8-17 cm apart, long-acuminate, margins entire, lustrous green, midrib and 2 marginal primary nerves especially prominent below, 3 secondaries on each side of midrib, tertiaries numerous, faint. Inflorescences: infrafoliar, sometimes emerging from top of or thrusting off persistent dried leaf sheaths, 40-70 cm long, long pedunculate; peduncles 30-45 cm long, ± rounded but flattened basally, 1-2 cm wide at base, 0.7-1 cm wide at apex, erect and green in flower, downward arching and red-orange in fruit; bracts 5-6, upper one largest, to 30 cm long and exceeding peduncle, fibrous, durable, acute-acuminate, ± tightly sheathing, longitudinally striate-nerved. Staminate with rachis 5-20 cm long,
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green in flower, downward pointing; rachillae 12-20, these 20-30 cm long, 2 mm in diam., drooping, green in flower. Pistillate with rachis 5-20 cm long, erect, green in flower, redorange in fruit; rachillae 12-20, these 15-25 cm long, 1.5-2 mm in diam., ± stiff, spreading, green and erect in flower, red-orange and downward pointing when heavily laden with fruits. Flowers: Staminate in ± dense spirals, 3 x 3.5 mm, depressed-globose, flattened apically, greenish yellow, sunken in elliptic superficial depressions 1.5-2 mm long; calyx 1 x 2-2.5 mm, shallowly lobed, light green, nerveless, sepals connate in basal 3/4 rounded apically; petals 3-3.5 x 3.5 mm, obovate, valvate, connate apically and basally and apically adnate to pistillode and corolla opening by lateral slits, thin, fleshy, acute, nerveless; stamens 3 mm high, filaments 0.75-1.25 mm long, greenish yellow, anthers 1.75-2 mm long, oblong, yellow; pistillode 2.5-3 mm high, columnar, truncate apically, greenish yellow. Pistillate in lax spirals, 3 x 2.,.2.5 mm, ovoid-globose, yellow, in rounded superficial depressions 1.5-2 mm wide; calyx 1 x 2.5 mm, lobed, green, sepals connate in basal 1/4 triangular and rounded apically; petals 2.5 x 2.5-3 mm, obovate to scarcely circular, imbricate nearly to apex, and there straight and only slightly pointed, nerveless; staminodes lacking or 6, small, separated, inserted at base of pistil, slightly triangular; pistil 3 x 22.5 mm, ovoid-globose, yellow-green, stigma lobes sessile, separated, angled, slightly elevated and recurved, just exceeding petals. Fruits: 9-11.5 x 7-9 mm, globose-ovoid, black, occasionally 2-3 in one perianth, epicarp thin, slightly transparent, mesocarp slightly fleshy, green, mucilaginous, endocarp membranous, nerved; seeds 6-9 x 5.5-7 mm, globose, brownish. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)/Palmweb. Wendland (1854) described and named C. klotzschiana from material growing at Herrenhausen. It is apparently restricted to the state of Veracruz in Mexico. C. klotzschiana is one ofthe most distinct members of the genus and is easily recognizable by its lanceolate pinnae clustered in groups of 2-4 along the rachis. C. glaucifolia also has its leaflets clustered in groups along the rachis but the more numerous (40-80 on each side), narrowly linear pinnae in several planes distinguish it from C. klotzschiana. Because of its attractive foliage, C. klotzschiana is widely cultivated and much sought after by collectors. It is found in gardens and collections in California, Florida, Hawaii, and Australia. (Hodel, D.R. 1992)/Palmweb. |
Culture
Requirements: Full shade to filtered light when young, filtered light to partial shade when mature, this is an understory palm. Consistently moist soil, well drained position. Frost tolerant under cover.
Comments and Curiosities
Chamaedorea are dioecious, male, and female flowers, on separate plants.
Etymology: Honors Wendland's friend and colleague, botanist J. Friedrich Klotzsch.
- IMAGE GALLERY
Female inflorescence. Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.
Male inflorescence. Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.
Naples Botanic Gardens. Photo by Angelo Porcelli, edric.
Photo by Ian Edwards, edric.
Ventura, California.
External Links
References
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
Hodel, D.R.1992. Chamaedorea Palms, The Species and Their Cultivation. The International Palm Society.
Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.
