Difference between revisions of "Thrinax parviflora"
(12 intermediate revisions by one user not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
__noeditsection__ | __noeditsection__ | ||
{{Palmbox | {{Palmbox | ||
− | |image= | + | |image=Thrinax_parviflora_in_seed_zoo.jpg |
− | |image_caption=Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo & Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii. | + | |image_caption=Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo & Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii. In Seed. |
− | |genus=Thrinax ( | + | |genus=Thrinax (TREE-nahks) |
|species=<br>parviflora (pahr-vih-FLOHR-ah) | |species=<br>parviflora (pahr-vih-FLOHR-ah) | ||
|subspecies= | |subspecies= | ||
Line 22: | Line 22: | ||
==Habitat and Distribution== | ==Habitat and Distribution== | ||
An overview of Thrinax parviflora Swartz | An overview of Thrinax parviflora Swartz | ||
− | By Jose Grassia | + | By Jose A. Grassia |
Ecology and distribution | Ecology and distribution | ||
− | The genus Thrinax is in common with Hemithrinax, Coccothrinax and Zombia, [[ | + | The genus Thrinax is in common with Hemithrinax, Coccothrinax and Zombia, [[File:Thrinax-parviflorasubpava.jpg|thumb|left|370px|Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. Photo-FTBG.]]of the Thrinax alliance. The genus is easily distinguished by the splitting of the base of the petiole in the region of the sheath. |
− | Palms of the species Thrinax parviflora occur only on alkaline substrate, specifically coralline sands or limestone outcrops, from sea level to about 900 meters elevation. | + | Palms of the species Thrinax parviflora occur only on alkaline substrate, specifically coralline sands or limestone outcrops, from sea level to about 900 meters elevation. (Jose A. Grassia) |
Endemic to Jamaica are restricted entirely to exceedingly well drained sites far from the influence of salt spray. | Endemic to Jamaica are restricted entirely to exceedingly well drained sites far from the influence of salt spray. | ||
− | Thrinax parviflora was described as “The commonest member, of the undergrowth, which although capable of growing much taller, does not do so in this habitat, except where there is an opening in the canopy.” The author has included the species, as the principal representative of the Palmae, among the five most important families of arborescent species, in the Dry Evergreen Thicket. Apart from the presence of the “thatch,” the formation is characterized by the absence of herbaceous ground cover and terrestrial ferns. | + | Thrinax parviflora was described as “The commonest member, of the undergrowth, which although capable of growing much taller, does not do so in this habitat, except where there is an opening in the canopy.” The author has included the species, as the principal representative of the Palmae, among the five most important families of arborescent species, in the Dry Evergreen Thicket. Apart from the presence of the “thatch,” the formation is characterized by the absence of herbaceous ground cover and terrestrial ferns. (Jose A. Grassia) |
The substrate is generally deeply eroded, bare rock with occasional pockets of shallow soil, containing very little humus. Dry Evergreen Thicket is a widespread formation on most of the hills and ridges of low to middle elevations, from sea level to about 900 m, where the limestone is naturally exposed. | The substrate is generally deeply eroded, bare rock with occasional pockets of shallow soil, containing very little humus. Dry Evergreen Thicket is a widespread formation on most of the hills and ridges of low to middle elevations, from sea level to about 900 m, where the limestone is naturally exposed. | ||
− | T parviflora grows naturally at altitudes between 100 and 900 m asl, with an annual rainfall varying between 1000 and 2500 mm. | + | T parviflora grows naturally at altitudes between 100 and 900 m asl, with an annual rainfall varying between 1000 and 2500 mm. (Jose A. Grassia) |
==Description== | ==Description== | ||
− | + | Small to medium palm, 1-10 (-13) m high, caudex often very slender, 5-14 (-15) cm in diameter, internodes 1.0-6.5 cm apart on lower trunk. | |
+ | Leaf sheath 45-70 cm long, petiole 50-145 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide; hastula triangular or rounded acute 0.5-3.4 cm long, may become tubular with expansion and folding of blade, abaxially with a distinct ridge 0.1-0.5 (-1.0) cm long or a triangular projection 1.0-1.7 cm long; | ||
+ | Leaf blade when expanded very variable, circular and flat on young plants and in the shade, the basal lobes folded up away from the petiole when in the sun, and on older plants, or variously folded and contorted on tall slender plants, abaxial surface with microscopic widely scattered scales; segments rhomboid 37-57 in number, 40-90 cm long, 2.8-6.0 cm wide, widest beyond point of fusion, the middle two or three segments always fused for a greater length but rarely totally. | ||
+ | Inflorescence erect to arching, 40-175 cm long, bracts greenish with brown comppressed scales, each inflorescence with 7-22 branches in the proximal half and in the distal half with 17-45 branches, ivory to yellowish at anthesis, densely puberulous to glabrescent or glabrous, several of the lowermost branches occasionally forked or highly branched but subtended by a narrow triangular bract. | ||
+ | Flowers ivory to yellowish, fragrant, 32-60 per branch; stamens 5-10 per flower, anthers linear to oblong 1.2-4.0 mm long; infundibuliform stigma oblique to lateral, ciliate; developing ovary papillate to granulate | ||
+ | Fruit papillate to scurfy granulate, tan before maturation, become white and smooth or slightly punctate, 6.4-7.3 cm in diameter; seed tan to dark brown 5.4-6.2 mm in diameter., normally completely perforated by the testa. Haploid chromosome number, n = 18. (Jose A. Grassia) | ||
==Culture== | ==Culture== | ||
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a | Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a | ||
==Comments and Curiosities== | ==Comments and Curiosities== | ||
There are two subspecies; Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora, and Thrinax parviflora subsp. puberula. | There are two subspecies; Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora, and Thrinax parviflora subsp. puberula. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Key to the Subspecies of Thrinax parviflora | ||
+ | |||
+ | 1. Adaxial hastular projection 0.3-1.2 cm long, lacking or vestigial abaxially: branches of the inflorescence glabrous, glabrate, or lightly; puberulose; inflorescence crect and shorter than the petioles at anthesis; fresh anthers short (1.2-2.0 mm long): mature plants with leaves forming an open crown of conspicuously twisted and curled leaf segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subspecies parviflora. (Jose A. Grassia) | ||
+ | |||
+ | 2. Adaxial hastular projection very prominent or even long pointed, 1.5-4.4 cm long, prominent and up to 1.6 cm long abaxially; branches of the inflorescence densely granulose puberulose throughout; inflorescence arching, equaling or longer than the petioles at full anthesis; fresh anthers elongate (ca. 2-4 mm long): mature plants generally with leaves forming a dense crown of broad blades with more or less flat to curved or slightly twisted leaf segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subspecies puberula. (Jose A. Grassia) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Among the many Thrinax, this species from the mountains of Jamaica is one of the prettiest. It grows a slender, smooth trunk topped by an open crown of smallish, very thick and leathery fan leaves with curiously twisted and curled, grass green segments. This robust palm will thrive in tropical as well as subtropical climates and tolerates an occasional light frost. It does well even on poor, rocky, or sandy soils, as long as it is well drained, and, like most Thrinax, it adapts well to coastal exposure. (RPS.com) | ||
+ | |||
<br style="clear:both;"/> | <br style="clear:both;"/> | ||
{{#Widget:AdResban}} | {{#Widget:AdResban}} | ||
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""> | <center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights=""> | ||
− | Image: | + | Image:Thrinax_parviflora_zoo.jpg|Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo & Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii. |
Image:ThrinaparviIMG 0209.JPG|Fairchild FL. | Image:ThrinaparviIMG 0209.JPG|Fairchild FL. | ||
− | Image: | + | Image:Thrinax_parviflora_in_seed_zoo.jpg|In Seed, Hawaii. |
Image:ThrinparvIMG 0136.JPG|Fairchild FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. | Image:ThrinparvIMG 0136.JPG|Fairchild FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. | ||
File:886850.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Geoff Stein | File:886850.jpg|Singapore. Photo by Geoff Stein | ||
Line 79: | Line 93: | ||
File:post-5491-0-95351900-1410884183.jpg|Miami, FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. Garden of Mr. Steve Stern. Photo by Andrew Street | File:post-5491-0-95351900-1410884183.jpg|Miami, FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. Garden of Mr. Steve Stern. Photo by Andrew Street | ||
File:post-5491-0-14200100-1410884192.jpg|Miami, FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. Garden of Mr. Steve Stern. Photo by Andrew Street | File:post-5491-0-14200100-1410884192.jpg|Miami, FL. Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora. Garden of Mr. Steve Stern. Photo by Andrew Street | ||
+ | |||
+ | File:13229436535_5c9d17ab04_b.jpg|Rockhampton Botanic Garden, Queensland Gardens. Photo by Karl Gercens. | ||
+ | File:6068388294_30c9dc8223_b.jpg|Hiranandani Gardens, Powai, Mumbai, India. | ||
+ | File:6068388406_f0d0d5fce1_b.jpg|Hiranandani Gardens, Powai, Mumbai, India. | ||
Line 99: | Line 117: | ||
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits). | Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits). | ||
+ | |||
+ | Bibliography | ||
+ | |||
+ | Acevedo-Rodríguez, P y Mark T. 2012. Strong Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Bonany. number 98. Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Duno de Stefano R. y C. E. Moya. Clave para las especies de palmas de la península de Yucatán mexicana. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Leiva Sánchez, A. CUBA Y SUS PALMAS Instituto Cubano del Libro, Editorial Gente Nueva, Palacio del Segundo Cabo, O’Reilly no. 4, La Habana Vieja, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Morici, C. 2000. The Genus Thrinsx in Cuba. Palms Volume 44(2) | ||
+ | |||
+ | Read, R. W. 1975. The Genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Number 19. Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington. | ||
+ | |||
<br style="clear:both;"/> | <br style="clear:both;"/> | ||
{{SpeciesListBackLink}} | {{SpeciesListBackLink}} | ||
[[Category:THRINAX|parviflora]] | [[Category:THRINAX|parviflora]] |
Latest revision as of 05:08, 31 August 2018
Thrinax (TREE-nahks) parviflora (pahr-vih-FLOHR-ah) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo & Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii. In Seed. | |||||||
Scientific Classification | |||||||
| |||||||
Synonyms | |||||||
| |||||||
Native Continent | |||||||
| |||||||
Morphology | |||||||
| |||||||
Culture | |||||||
| |||||||
Survivability index | |||||||
| |||||||
Common names | |||||||
|
Contents
Habitat and Distribution
An overview of Thrinax parviflora Swartz By Jose A. Grassia
Ecology and distribution
The genus Thrinax is in common with Hemithrinax, Coccothrinax and Zombia, of the Thrinax alliance. The genus is easily distinguished by the splitting of the base of the petiole in the region of the sheath.Palms of the species Thrinax parviflora occur only on alkaline substrate, specifically coralline sands or limestone outcrops, from sea level to about 900 meters elevation. (Jose A. Grassia)
Endemic to Jamaica are restricted entirely to exceedingly well drained sites far from the influence of salt spray. Thrinax parviflora was described as “The commonest member, of the undergrowth, which although capable of growing much taller, does not do so in this habitat, except where there is an opening in the canopy.” The author has included the species, as the principal representative of the Palmae, among the five most important families of arborescent species, in the Dry Evergreen Thicket. Apart from the presence of the “thatch,” the formation is characterized by the absence of herbaceous ground cover and terrestrial ferns. (Jose A. Grassia)
The substrate is generally deeply eroded, bare rock with occasional pockets of shallow soil, containing very little humus. Dry Evergreen Thicket is a widespread formation on most of the hills and ridges of low to middle elevations, from sea level to about 900 m, where the limestone is naturally exposed. T parviflora grows naturally at altitudes between 100 and 900 m asl, with an annual rainfall varying between 1000 and 2500 mm. (Jose A. Grassia)
Description
Small to medium palm, 1-10 (-13) m high, caudex often very slender, 5-14 (-15) cm in diameter, internodes 1.0-6.5 cm apart on lower trunk. Leaf sheath 45-70 cm long, petiole 50-145 cm long, 1.2-2.2 cm wide; hastula triangular or rounded acute 0.5-3.4 cm long, may become tubular with expansion and folding of blade, abaxially with a distinct ridge 0.1-0.5 (-1.0) cm long or a triangular projection 1.0-1.7 cm long; Leaf blade when expanded very variable, circular and flat on young plants and in the shade, the basal lobes folded up away from the petiole when in the sun, and on older plants, or variously folded and contorted on tall slender plants, abaxial surface with microscopic widely scattered scales; segments rhomboid 37-57 in number, 40-90 cm long, 2.8-6.0 cm wide, widest beyond point of fusion, the middle two or three segments always fused for a greater length but rarely totally. Inflorescence erect to arching, 40-175 cm long, bracts greenish with brown comppressed scales, each inflorescence with 7-22 branches in the proximal half and in the distal half with 17-45 branches, ivory to yellowish at anthesis, densely puberulous to glabrescent or glabrous, several of the lowermost branches occasionally forked or highly branched but subtended by a narrow triangular bract. Flowers ivory to yellowish, fragrant, 32-60 per branch; stamens 5-10 per flower, anthers linear to oblong 1.2-4.0 mm long; infundibuliform stigma oblique to lateral, ciliate; developing ovary papillate to granulate Fruit papillate to scurfy granulate, tan before maturation, become white and smooth or slightly punctate, 6.4-7.3 cm in diameter; seed tan to dark brown 5.4-6.2 mm in diameter., normally completely perforated by the testa. Haploid chromosome number, n = 18. (Jose A. Grassia)
Culture
Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
Comments and Curiosities
There are two subspecies; Thrinax parviflora subsp. parviflora, and Thrinax parviflora subsp. puberula.
Key to the Subspecies of Thrinax parviflora
1. Adaxial hastular projection 0.3-1.2 cm long, lacking or vestigial abaxially: branches of the inflorescence glabrous, glabrate, or lightly; puberulose; inflorescence crect and shorter than the petioles at anthesis; fresh anthers short (1.2-2.0 mm long): mature plants with leaves forming an open crown of conspicuously twisted and curled leaf segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subspecies parviflora. (Jose A. Grassia)
2. Adaxial hastular projection very prominent or even long pointed, 1.5-4.4 cm long, prominent and up to 1.6 cm long abaxially; branches of the inflorescence densely granulose puberulose throughout; inflorescence arching, equaling or longer than the petioles at full anthesis; fresh anthers elongate (ca. 2-4 mm long): mature plants generally with leaves forming a dense crown of broad blades with more or less flat to curved or slightly twisted leaf segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . subspecies puberula. (Jose A. Grassia)
Among the many Thrinax, this species from the mountains of Jamaica is one of the prettiest. It grows a slender, smooth trunk topped by an open crown of smallish, very thick and leathery fan leaves with curiously twisted and curled, grass green segments. This robust palm will thrive in tropical as well as subtropical climates and tolerates an occasional light frost. It does well even on poor, rocky, or sandy soils, as long as it is well drained, and, like most Thrinax, it adapts well to coastal exposure. (RPS.com)
External Links
- Glossary of Palm Terms
- MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN
- "Just To Be Clear"
- Leucothrinax morrisii, a New Name for a Familiar Caribbean Palm, by Dr. Scott Zona
- http://www.fairchildgarden.org/Articles/id/555/read/Palm-Outcasts-are-Actually-Supermodels/
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-aCJq9tGhA
References
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos
Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
Bibliography
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P y Mark T. 2012. Strong Catalogue of Seed Plants of the West Indies Smithsonian Contributions to Bonany. number 98. Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington.
Duno de Stefano R. y C. E. Moya. Clave para las especies de palmas de la península de Yucatán mexicana.
Leiva Sánchez, A. CUBA Y SUS PALMAS Instituto Cubano del Libro, Editorial Gente Nueva, Palacio del Segundo Cabo, O’Reilly no. 4, La Habana Vieja, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
Morici, C. 2000. The Genus Thrinsx in Cuba. Palms Volume 44(2)
Read, R. W. 1975. The Genus Thrinax (Palmae: Coryphoideae). Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Number 19. Smithsonian Institution Press City of Washington.
Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.