Difference between revisions of "Pinanga coronata"

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<google>CH02</google>
 
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[[Image:C604a4.jpg|thumb|left|820px|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.]]
 
 
{{Palmbox
 
{{Palmbox
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|image=PinCor1.jpg
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|image=PcGBPIX_photo_191617.jpg
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|image_caption=Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.
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|image_caption=La Reunion island. Day 3 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
 
|genus=Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
 
|genus=Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
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|species=coronata (kohr-oh-NAH-tuh)
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|species=<br>coronata (kohr-oh-NAH-tuh)
 
|subspecies=
 
|subspecies=
 
|cultivar=
 
|cultivar=
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|synonyms=Pinanga kuhlii
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|synonyms=Pinanga kuhlii; now Pinanga coronata var. 'kuhlii'
 
|continent=oceania
 
|continent=oceania
 
|habit=Clustering
 
|habit=Clustering
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|common_names=Kuhl's Palm, Ivory Cane Palm, Bing-bin (West Java), piji (Central Java, East Java, and Bali), pinang rante (East Java).
 
|common_names=Kuhl's Palm, Ivory Cane Palm, Bing-bin (West Java), piji (Central Java, East Java, and Bali), pinang rante (East Java).
 
}}
 
}}
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{{Palm Page}}
 
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
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Andaman Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Society Is., and Sumatera, Jawa to Lesser Sund Islands. Occurring on very steep hillsides in montane forest and flat areas in lowland forest, from sea level to 1800 m above sea level. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.
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Andaman Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Society Is., and Sumatera, Jawa to Lesser [[File:post-42-0-42427900-1424588385.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Dennis Hundscheidt's Tropical Brisbane Garden, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.]]Sund Islands. Occurring on very steep hillsides in montane forest and flat areas in lowland forest, from sea level to 1800 m above sea level.  
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
 
Small, clustered, undergrowth palm. Stems erect, unbranched, 2-8 (10) m tall, 1.5-7 (10) cm in diam., with internodes 4.5-12 (20) cm, scars 0.5-1.2 cm; stem surface green to brownish green. Crownshaft swollen elongate, 50-100 cm long, 2.5-10 cm in diam., slightly wider than the stem, green, yellowish or brownish green, or brownish to reddish yellow when adult, with brown scales, ligule poorly developed. Leaves 4-7 in the crown; whole leaf including leaf-sheath 150-300 cm; leaf-sheath 35-80 cm; petiole 20-100 cm, deeply oblique adaxially, convex abaxially; rachis 90-180 cm, petiole and rachis smooth or silvery indumentose below, flattened adaxially, convex abaxially, sharp near the apex; leaflets 6-30 on each side of rachis, entire, regularly arranged, elongate linear-lanceolate, falcate-sigmoid, basal leaflets 22-85 x 0.5-6.5 cm, with 1-5 ribs, middle leaflets 32-90 x 0.8-9 cm, with 1-7 ribs, apical leaflets 16-45 x 1.5-10 cm, with 2-13 ribs, notched to deeply cuneate to dentate, indumentose on lower ribs, the surfaces discolorous, upper pale green, lower dark green when fresh, on drying becoming pale brown to pale greenish brown on lower surface and dark brown to dark greenish brown on upper surface. Inflorescence infrafoliar, pendulous or erect then pendulous, green when young, becoming yellow pink to red, base very stiff; peduncle flattened, 1-6.5 x 0.5-2 cm; prophyll 20-28 x 4.5-8 cm, pale yellow when fresh, light brown when dry, smooth; rachis 2-9 x 0.2-1 cm, smooth; rachillae 5-22, glabrous, straight, spreading to parallel, not in same plar basal rachillae with 19-51 triads on each sid apical rachillae with 15-36 triads. Staminate flow sessile, creamy white, stamens 12-16 (28), pale yellow, about 3-3.5 x 0.2 - 0.4 mm. Pistilla flower creamy white, sessile, calyx cup-shape sepals orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2.5-5 2-3.5 mm, membranous, striate, imbricate acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex, cilia at margins; petals usually smaller than sepal orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2-4.5 x 2-3. mm, membranous, striate, imbricate, acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex; ovary rounded about 1-2 x 1 mm. Fruit obovoid, ellipsoid to ovoid, 11-15 x 6-10 mm, green when youn becoming yellow pink, red to brownish red stigmatic remains apical; epicarp smooth, shiny mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp with longitudinal fibers. Seed conforming to the fruit, 7.5-12 x 5-7. mm; endosperm deeply ruminate. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
 
Small, clustered, undergrowth palm. Stems erect, unbranched, 2-8 (10) m tall, 1.5-7 (10) cm in diam., with internodes 4.5-12 (20) cm, scars 0.5-1.2 cm; stem surface green to brownish green. Crownshaft swollen elongate, 50-100 cm long, 2.5-10 cm in diam., slightly wider than the stem, green, yellowish or brownish green, or brownish to reddish yellow when adult, with brown scales, ligule poorly developed. Leaves 4-7 in the crown; whole leaf including leaf-sheath 150-300 cm; leaf-sheath 35-80 cm; petiole 20-100 cm, deeply oblique adaxially, convex abaxially; rachis 90-180 cm, petiole and rachis smooth or silvery indumentose below, flattened adaxially, convex abaxially, sharp near the apex; leaflets 6-30 on each side of rachis, entire, regularly arranged, elongate linear-lanceolate, falcate-sigmoid, basal leaflets 22-85 x 0.5-6.5 cm, with 1-5 ribs, middle leaflets 32-90 x 0.8-9 cm, with 1-7 ribs, apical leaflets 16-45 x 1.5-10 cm, with 2-13 ribs, notched to deeply cuneate to dentate, indumentose on lower ribs, the surfaces discolorous, upper pale green, lower dark green when fresh, on drying becoming pale brown to pale greenish brown on lower surface and dark brown to dark greenish brown on upper surface. Inflorescence infrafoliar, pendulous or erect then pendulous, green when young, becoming yellow pink to red, base very stiff; peduncle flattened, 1-6.5 x 0.5-2 cm; prophyll 20-28 x 4.5-8 cm, pale yellow when fresh, light brown when dry, smooth; rachis 2-9 x 0.2-1 cm, smooth; rachillae 5-22, glabrous, straight, spreading to parallel, not in same plar basal rachillae with 19-51 triads on each sid apical rachillae with 15-36 triads. Staminate flow sessile, creamy white, stamens 12-16 (28), pale yellow, about 3-3.5 x 0.2 - 0.4 mm. Pistilla flower creamy white, sessile, calyx cup-shape sepals orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2.5-5 2-3.5 mm, membranous, striate, imbricate acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex, cilia at margins; petals usually smaller than sepal orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2-4.5 x 2-3. mm, membranous, striate, imbricate, acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex; ovary rounded about 1-2 x 1 mm. Fruit obovoid, ellipsoid to ovoid, 11-15 x 6-10 mm, green when youn becoming yellow pink, red to brownish red stigmatic remains apical; epicarp smooth, shiny mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp with longitudinal fibers. Seed conforming to the fruit, 7.5-12 x 5-7. mm; endosperm deeply ruminate. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
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Blume described P. kuhlii based on a specimen apparently from West Java (Java Occidentalis). Beccari (1886) mentioned that the type locality of P. kuhlii was Cisoka, West Java. This locality is in Lebak District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. Index Kewensis says that the type locality of P. kuhlii is Malaya. This information is incorrect, and indeed no specimen or record has ever been documented from Malaya. Pinanga coronata was described based on a specimen from Megamendung, on the slopes of Mt. Gede-Pangrango, to the south-east of Bogor in West Java. Again Index Kewensis incorrectly cites the type locality of P. coronata as Celebes; however, P. coronata has so far never been found in Celebes. Blume (1839) separated P. kuhlii and P. coronata primarily based on leaves and growth of the inflorescence. The rachis of P. kuhlii is covered with small scales on the abaxial surface, the leaflets are broad (lanceolate to falcate), 10-13 in number and the inflorescence is pendulous. Characters of P. coronata are rachis smooth, leaflets narrow (linear to elongate), numerous, and inflorescence erect then pendulous. Specimens that were collected from lowlands usually have characters similar to P. kuhlii, but specimens from montane forest (>1000 m above sea level) usually have characters similar to P. coronata. In fact, between P. kuhlii and P. coronata, there are intermediate forms. Based on this evidence we conclude that the clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali represents a single species. Pinanga costata and P. noxa, are reduced to P. coronata because they have similar characters and are indistinguishable in the field and in the herbarium. Pinanga coronata was chosen by Beccari and Pichi-Sermolli (1955) as the type of the genus Pinanga, because Pinanga was first published by Blume, not in Rumphia (1838-1843), but in Bulletin des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles en Neerlande vol. 1 (1838). Although the genus Pinanga was described in the Bulletin, the species were merely listed and are nomina nuda. Before Rumphia 2 was published, Martius published Historia Natumlis Palmarum, vol. 3 (1838), in which he made the combination Areca coronata, which is the first validly published name for this species. The valid name of the clustered Pinanga in Java and Bali is thus P. coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume. Other names for clustered Pinanga in Java are P. nenga which was published by Blume (1838-1843), and P. neglecta which was published by Burret (1940). Pinanga nenga is the type of the genus Nenga. At present, the correct name for it is Nenga pumila. Pinanga neglecta is synonymous with Nenga pumila (Fernandol983). (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.
 
Blume described P. kuhlii based on a specimen apparently from West Java (Java Occidentalis). Beccari (1886) mentioned that the type locality of P. kuhlii was Cisoka, West Java. This locality is in Lebak District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. Index Kewensis says that the type locality of P. kuhlii is Malaya. This information is incorrect, and indeed no specimen or record has ever been documented from Malaya. Pinanga coronata was described based on a specimen from Megamendung, on the slopes of Mt. Gede-Pangrango, to the south-east of Bogor in West Java. Again Index Kewensis incorrectly cites the type locality of P. coronata as Celebes; however, P. coronata has so far never been found in Celebes. Blume (1839) separated P. kuhlii and P. coronata primarily based on leaves and growth of the inflorescence. The rachis of P. kuhlii is covered with small scales on the abaxial surface, the leaflets are broad (lanceolate to falcate), 10-13 in number and the inflorescence is pendulous. Characters of P. coronata are rachis smooth, leaflets narrow (linear to elongate), numerous, and inflorescence erect then pendulous. Specimens that were collected from lowlands usually have characters similar to P. kuhlii, but specimens from montane forest (>1000 m above sea level) usually have characters similar to P. coronata. In fact, between P. kuhlii and P. coronata, there are intermediate forms. Based on this evidence we conclude that the clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali represents a single species. Pinanga costata and P. noxa, are reduced to P. coronata because they have similar characters and are indistinguishable in the field and in the herbarium. Pinanga coronata was chosen by Beccari and Pichi-Sermolli (1955) as the type of the genus Pinanga, because Pinanga was first published by Blume, not in Rumphia (1838-1843), but in Bulletin des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles en Neerlande vol. 1 (1838). Although the genus Pinanga was described in the Bulletin, the species were merely listed and are nomina nuda. Before Rumphia 2 was published, Martius published Historia Natumlis Palmarum, vol. 3 (1838), in which he made the combination Areca coronata, which is the first validly published name for this species. The valid name of the clustered Pinanga in Java and Bali is thus P. coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume. Other names for clustered Pinanga in Java are P. nenga which was published by Blume (1838-1843), and P. neglecta which was published by Burret (1940). Pinanga nenga is the type of the genus Nenga. At present, the correct name for it is Nenga pumila. Pinanga neglecta is synonymous with Nenga pumila (Fernandol983). (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.
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==Culture==
 
==Culture==
 
Warm, sheltered, and moist. Relatively common, and easy to grow. Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
 
Warm, sheltered, and moist. Relatively common, and easy to grow. Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
 
==Comments and Curiosities==
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Previously split into 2 species, (P. kuhli being the other), it is now thought to be just a highly variable single species. P. coronata var. 'kuhlii' is the form found in the lower elevations, whilst P. coronata is found at higher altitudes.
 
Previously split into 2 species, (P. kuhli being the other), it is now thought to be just a highly variable single species. P. coronata var. 'kuhlii' is the form found in the lower elevations, whilst P. coronata is found at higher altitudes.
  
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It is generally accepted that there are two forms of Pinanga Coronata. The 'standard' P. Coronata will hold regular pinnate leaves when mature, and is not as mottled as the other form known as Kuhlii. P. coronata takes the full sun very well where as Kuhlii will burn, sometimes very bad. In addition Kuhlii does not handle the cold as well.
 
It is generally accepted that there are two forms of Pinanga Coronata. The 'standard' P. Coronata will hold regular pinnate leaves when mature, and is not as mottled as the other form known as Kuhlii. P. coronata takes the full sun very well where as Kuhlii will burn, sometimes very bad. In addition Kuhlii does not handle the cold as well.
  
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"This is one of many species of Pinanga, but only one of two or three that are hardy enough to survive outdoors in southern California (U.S.) It is a very commonly grown species in the tropics and sometimes streets are lined with plantings of them. It is a clumping palm with simple to partially divided leaves and yellowish crownshafts. The flowers stalks and fruit are bright red to blackish and very attractive. It is a beautiful plant for both indoors and shady outdoor warm gardens. It does need a LOT of water and can't handle hot, dry winds. As an addendum (1-2006) there is NO zone 11 in California, and most Pinangas cannot grow here (many have been tried over and over and over- not by me, but by those with a lot better climates and experience)." (Geoff Stein), edric.
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"This is one of many species of Pinanga, but only one of two or three that are hardy enough to survive outdoors in southern California (U.S.) It is a very commonly grown species in the tropics and sometimes streets are lined with plantings of them. It is a clumping palm with simple to partially divided leaves and yellowish crownshafts. The flowers stalks and fruit are bright red to blackish and very attractive. It is a beautiful plant for both indoors and shady outdoor warm gardens. It does need a LOT of water and can't handle hot, dry winds. As an addendum (1-2006) there is NO zone 11 in California, and most Pinangas cannot grow here (many have been tried over and over and over- not by me, but by those with a lot better climates and experience)." (Geoff Stein)
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A very handsome clustering palm from Rainforests in Indonesia with slender, yellowish trunks and broadly pinnate leaves. This species has proven to be fairly cold tolerant (for a Pinanga) and has been successfully grown in climates ranging from tropical to cool subtropical. Easy to germinate and fast growing. (RPS.com)
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<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
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Image:PinCor1.jpg|Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.
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Image:Pinanaga coronata zoo.jpg|Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo and Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii.
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Image:Pinang cor ov.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.
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Image:PinCor2.jpg|Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.
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Image:Pinanga coronata P.jpg|So. California sun.
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Image:Pinanga coronata flower detailz.jpg|Flower Detail.
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Image:Pinanga coronata leafopening zooz.jpg|New Leaf.
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Image:Pinanga coronata seed detailz.jpg|Seed Detail.
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image:1_Pinanga_coronata43.jpg|Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden
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image:561897_10151253252934434_126983118_n.jpg|Medellin, Colombia. (1,500 Mts. or 5,000 feet above see level), Photo by Jeff Anderson
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image:Pc2787012.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. S. Minter, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
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image:Pinanga_coronata.jpg|In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray
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image:Pinanga_coronata02.jpg|In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray
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image:Pinanga_coronata04.jpg|Photo by Carlo Morici
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image:Pinanga_coronata03.jpg|Photo by Daryl O'Connor
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File:Pinnga_coronata_inflor.jpg|Photo by Ian Edwards
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image:E43711.jpg|Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico
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image:86f6e2.jpg|Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico
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image:4a72a9.jpg|Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein
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file:Ba5698.jpg|Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:E1ff36.jpg|"One of many clumps of this palm along the roadway leading into Ho'olamuhia Park, Hawaii" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:84772b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:Ba5698.jpg|Hawaii. "ripening seed (goes from green-yellow,-orange-red,- purple-to almost black (ripe)" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:286a17.jpg|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:C604a4.jpg|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:169921.jpg|Photo by Equilibrium
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image:604580.jpg|Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald
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image:B9fe44.jpg|Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald
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image:Eccc48.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:484f57.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:F51195.jpg|La Réunion Island. Photo by timrann
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File:3c69ab.jpg|La Réunion Island. Photo by timrann
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image:B4db33.jpg|Gaylord Palms, Orlando.
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image:6cb3c3.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL
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image:Eef153.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL
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image:0fdde9.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL
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File:fef05e.jpg|Photo by Geoff Stein
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File:5fa517.jpg|Photo by Geoff Stein
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File:886dc9.jpg|Photo by Geoff Stein
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File:a8f063.jpg|Photo by Geoff Stein
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image:Pcpost-512-043603700_1312007339.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott
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image:Pcpost-512-066704200_1312007296.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott
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image:Pcpost-512-069273500_1312007376.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott
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image:Pcpost-370-0-02492500-1387123405.jpg|Vista, California. Photo by Jeffry Allen Brusseau
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image:Pcpost-4111-0-69608400-1377526030.jpg|Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair
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image:Pcpost-4111-0-69633500-1377526031.jpg|Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair
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image:Pc33ubmn6.jpg|Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis
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File:122lzl5.jpg|Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis
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image:Pcrml314.jpg|Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis
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image:Pcpost-4755-035240600_1312048475.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin
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image:Pcpost-4755-079153300_1312048275.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin
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image:Pcpost-4755-084037700_1312048308.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin
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image:Pcpost-0-0-67146700-1352958100.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian
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image:Pcpost-0-0-86394900-1352958103.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian
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image:PcP1010026.jpg|Encinitas, CA. 4/2007 Photo by Nick
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image:PcP1030087.jpg|Encinitas, CA. 1/2009 Photo by Nick
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image:Pinanga_coronata_001.jpg|Photo by amada44
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image:Pinanga-coronata-width-1.jpg|Photo-ednkert.hu
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image:PcGBPIX_photo_190768.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 1 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
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image:PcGBPIX_photo_191364.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 2 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
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image:PcGBPIX_photo_191617.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 3 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
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File:post-42-0-42427900-1424588385.jpg|Dennis Hundscheidt's Tropical Brisbane Garden, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.
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File:post-7381-0-50496200-1436655632.jpg|Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.
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File:post-7381-0-15186700-1436655671.jpg|Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.
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File:post-7381-0-97203500-1436655705.jpg|Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.
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File:post-7381-0-33805000-1436663528.jpg|Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Australia. var. 'Kuhlii' Photo by Paul Latzias.
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File:post-7381-0-43774300-1436663537.jpg|Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Australia. var. 'Kuhlii' Photo by Paul Latzias.
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File:2008-05-04_09-06-30.jpg|Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.
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File:2008-05-04_09-06-51.jpg|Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.
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File:2008-05-04_09-07-30.jpg|Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. "Pinanga coronata is on the left." Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.
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File:2008-05-04_15-25-47.jpg|IMBioparque (trails) - 2008 IPS Biennial - Costa Rica. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.
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File:pcDSC_0565.jpg|Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan
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File:pcDSC_0566.jpg|Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan
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File:pcDSC_0567.jpg|Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan
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File:10722732584_a43e56326f_h.jpg|Now cramped by its position beneath a footbridge in Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi
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File:22544704936_5de79b242f_h.jpg|Roma Street Parkland, a public park in downtown Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi
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File:22469013961_b97f2eddcb_h.jpg|Narrow-leaf form, that was established at Ho'omaluhia botanic gardens in Hawaii. Photo by tanetahi
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File:5210932661_6f86e7fc6f_b.jpg|Queerah, Cairns, Queensland. 2014. Photo by tanetahi
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File:3819563443_f3d1a6e1fc_b.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Narrow-leaf form. Cairns Botanic Gardens, 14th August 09, 2014. Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi
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File:3820367650_3f50f8a0ff_b.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Narrow-leaf form. Cairns Botanic Gardens, 14th August 09, 2014. Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi
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File:22058118141_c75ac9d984_o.jpg|The Palmetum Botanic Gardens, Townsville, Australia. Photo by Oriolus84
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File:15613032582_9c53fcf92e_o.jpg|Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15425544079_7bea331419_o.jpg|Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:14991436814_f9fe1867a8_o.jpg|Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15420285091_90210598fa_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15236911557_6e1b2fcf85_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15236702509_f7c7fa7d62_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15423459565_7630d8a516_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15400413126_5d42f9a633_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
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File:15420282861_26b4ac0c29_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8270871952_24e8561f56_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269805955_4e8fb38224_o.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269805631_a0acef46b3_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269805237_8c5d360358_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269804629_6518259117_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269803877_71561d4786_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269802741_b6e7d968d6_o.jpg|Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269837100_8967696d47_o.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269836682_3806d803a1_o.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8268770327_4e44a2d690_o.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
File:8269836080_ff87d645ed_o.jpg|Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming
 +
 
 +
 
 +
File:7195860034_e74abfe4a0_o.jpg|Lake Arenal area, Costa Rica. Photo by Paco Garin
 +
File:9216083412_ac25abfdab_o.jpg|Hong Kong Park.
 +
File:21544080350_a82af761b3_b.jpg|French Guiana. Pinanga coronata, Syagrus (ex- lytocaryum) weddellianum and Pinanga auriculata between the buttresses of a kapok (Ceiba pentandra). Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_specimen.jpg|Old Pinanga kuhlii form at Pana'ewa Zoo & Gardens in Hawaii. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_specimen2.jpg|Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_new_leaf.jpg|Old Pinanga kuhlii form at Pana'ewa Zoo & Gardens in Hawaii. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_crownshafts.jpg|Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_inflorescence_infructescences.jpg|Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata2.jpg|Sakuya Konohana Kan,Osaka,Japan. Photo: KENPEI
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata1.jpg|Sakuya Konohana Kan,Osaka,Japan. Photo: KENPEI
 +
File:post-6735-0-03602100-1387130153.jpg|Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-37867900-1387130340.jpg|Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-77412200-1387130374.jpg|Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-30984200-1387130182.jpg|Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-69089200-1387130261.jpg|Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:post-6735-0-90944800-1387130216.jpg|Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:P1250036.JPG.0a1b5cb365fb56e108da19d56fdaf2a5.JPG|Galle Road, Payagala, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
File:P1250037.JPG.4831043de3b02ce777c01934c04ee67c.JPG|Galle Road, Payagala, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
File:PinCor.jpg|Photo: Rare Palm Seeds.com
 +
File:Pinanga_coronata_seed.jpg|Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.
 +
File:pc50051090448976.JPG|Image Text: Jungle Music Palms & Cycads.com
 +
</gallery></center>
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
Line 46: Line 181:
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
  
−
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
+
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
  
−
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos, edric.
+
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
  
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
 
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
Line 54: Line 189:
 
J.R. Witono & J.P. Mogea & S. Somadikarta, Pinanga in Java and Bali. 2002. 2002. Pinanga in Java and Bali. Palms 46(4) 193-202.
 
J.R. Witono & J.P. Mogea & S. Somadikarta, Pinanga in Java and Bali. 2002. 2002. Pinanga in Java and Bali. Palms 46(4) 193-202.
  
−
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="4" widths="200px" heights="200px">
 
−
Image:PinCor1.jpg|Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.
 
−
Image:Pinanaga coronata zoo.jpg|Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo and Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii.
 
−
Image:Pinang cor ov.jpg|Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.
 
−
Image:PinCor2.jpg|Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.
 
−
Image:Pinanga coronata P.jpg|So. California sun.
 
−
Image:Pinanga coronata flower detail.jpg|Flower Detail.
 
−
Image:Pinanga coronata leafopening zoo.jpg|New Leaf.
 
−
Image:Pinanga coronata seed detail.jpg|Seed Detail.
 
−
image:1_Pinanga_coronata43.jpg|Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden, edric.
 
−
image:561897_10151253252934434_126983118_n.jpg|Medellin, Columbia. (1,500 Mts. or 5,000 feet above see level), Photo by Jeff Anderson, edric.
 
−
image:Pc2787012.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. S. Minter, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
 
−
image:Pinanga_coronata.jpg|In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray, edric.
 
−
image:Pinanga_coronata02.jpg|In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray, edric.
 
−
image:Pinanga_coronata04.jpg|Photo by Carlo Morici, edric.
 
−
image:Pinanga_coronata03.jpg|Photo by Daryl O'Connor, edric.
 
−
image:E43711.jpg|Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico, edric.
 
−
image:86f6e2.jpg|Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico, edric.
 
−
image:4a72a9.jpg|Orange County, CaliforniaBa5698.jpg
 
−
image:E1ff36.jpg|"One of many clumps of this palm along the roadway leading into Ho'olamuhia Park, Hawaii" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:84772b.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:Ba5698.jpg|Hawaii. "ripening seed (goes from green-yellow,-orange-red,- purple-to almost black (ripe)" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:286a17.jpg|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:C604a4.jpg|SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:169921.jpg|Photo by Equilibrium, edric.
 
−
image:604580.jpg|Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald, edric.
 
−
image:B9fe44.jpg|Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald, edric.
 
−
image:Eccc48.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:484f57.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein, edric.
 
−
image:F51195.jpg|Photo by timrann, edric.
 
−
image:B4db33.jpg|Gaylord Palms, Orlando.
 
−
image:6cb3c3.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL, edric.
 
−
image:Eef153.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL, edric.
 
−
image:0fdde9.jpg|Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-512-043603700_1312007339.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-512-066704200_1312007296.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-512-069273500_1312007376.jpg|Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-370-0-02492500-1387123405.jpg|Vista, California. Photo by Jeffry Allen Brusseau, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-4111-0-69608400-1377526030.jpg|Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-4111-0-69633500-1377526031.jpg|Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair, edric.
 
−
image:Pc33ubmn6.jpg|Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis, edric.
 
−
image:Pcrml314.jpg|Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-4755-035240600_1312048475.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-4755-079153300_1312048275.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-4755-084037700_1312048308.jpg|Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-0-0-67146700-1352958100.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian, edric.
 
−
image:Pcpost-0-0-86394900-1352958103.jpg|Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian, edric.
 
−
image:PcP1010026.jpg|Encinitas, CA. 4/2007 Photo by Nick, edric.
 
−
image:PcP1030087.jpg|Encinitas, CA. 1/2009 Photo by Nick, edric.
 
−
image:Pinanga_coronata_001.jpg|Photo by amada44, edric.
 
−
image:Pinanga-coronata-width-1.jpg|Photo-ednkert.hu, edric.
 
−
image:PcGBPIX_photo_190768.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 1 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes", edric.
 
−
image:PcGBPIX_photo_191364.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 2 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes", edric.
 
−
image:PcGBPIX_photo_191617.jpg|La Reunion island. Day 3 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes", edric.
 
−
</gallery></center>
 
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:PINANGA|coronata]]
 
[[Category:PINANGA|coronata]]

Latest revision as of 08:29, 15 February 2019

Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
coronata (kohr-oh-NAH-tuh)
PcGBPIX photo 191617.jpg
La Reunion island. Day 3 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"
Scientific Classification
Genus: Pinanga (pih-NAHN-gah)
Species:
coronata (kohr-oh-NAH-tuh)
Synonyms
Pinanga kuhlii; now Pinanga coronata var. 'kuhlii'
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Clustering
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Kuhl's Palm, Ivory Cane Palm, Bing-bin (West Java), piji (Central Java, East Java, and Bali), pinang rante (East Java).

Habitat and Distribution

Andaman Is., Fiji, Lesser Sunda Is., Society Is., and Sumatera, Jawa to Lesser
Dennis Hundscheidt's Tropical Brisbane Garden, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.
Sund Islands. Occurring on very steep hillsides in montane forest and flat areas in lowland forest, from sea level to 1800 m above sea level.

Description

Small, clustered, undergrowth palm. Stems erect, unbranched, 2-8 (10) m tall, 1.5-7 (10) cm in diam., with internodes 4.5-12 (20) cm, scars 0.5-1.2 cm; stem surface green to brownish green. Crownshaft swollen elongate, 50-100 cm long, 2.5-10 cm in diam., slightly wider than the stem, green, yellowish or brownish green, or brownish to reddish yellow when adult, with brown scales, ligule poorly developed. Leaves 4-7 in the crown; whole leaf including leaf-sheath 150-300 cm; leaf-sheath 35-80 cm; petiole 20-100 cm, deeply oblique adaxially, convex abaxially; rachis 90-180 cm, petiole and rachis smooth or silvery indumentose below, flattened adaxially, convex abaxially, sharp near the apex; leaflets 6-30 on each side of rachis, entire, regularly arranged, elongate linear-lanceolate, falcate-sigmoid, basal leaflets 22-85 x 0.5-6.5 cm, with 1-5 ribs, middle leaflets 32-90 x 0.8-9 cm, with 1-7 ribs, apical leaflets 16-45 x 1.5-10 cm, with 2-13 ribs, notched to deeply cuneate to dentate, indumentose on lower ribs, the surfaces discolorous, upper pale green, lower dark green when fresh, on drying becoming pale brown to pale greenish brown on lower surface and dark brown to dark greenish brown on upper surface. Inflorescence infrafoliar, pendulous or erect then pendulous, green when young, becoming yellow pink to red, base very stiff; peduncle flattened, 1-6.5 x 0.5-2 cm; prophyll 20-28 x 4.5-8 cm, pale yellow when fresh, light brown when dry, smooth; rachis 2-9 x 0.2-1 cm, smooth; rachillae 5-22, glabrous, straight, spreading to parallel, not in same plar basal rachillae with 19-51 triads on each sid apical rachillae with 15-36 triads. Staminate flow sessile, creamy white, stamens 12-16 (28), pale yellow, about 3-3.5 x 0.2 - 0.4 mm. Pistilla flower creamy white, sessile, calyx cup-shape sepals orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2.5-5 2-3.5 mm, membranous, striate, imbricate acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex, cilia at margins; petals usually smaller than sepal orbicular to very broad orbicular, 2-4.5 x 2-3. mm, membranous, striate, imbricate, acuminate-mucronate-obtuse at the apex; ovary rounded about 1-2 x 1 mm. Fruit obovoid, ellipsoid to ovoid, 11-15 x 6-10 mm, green when youn becoming yellow pink, red to brownish red stigmatic remains apical; epicarp smooth, shiny mesocarp thin, fleshy; endocarp with longitudinal fibers. Seed conforming to the fruit, 7.5-12 x 5-7. mm; endosperm deeply ruminate. (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

read more

Blume described P. kuhlii based on a specimen apparently from West Java (Java Occidentalis). Beccari (1886) mentioned that the type locality of P. kuhlii was Cisoka, West Java. This locality is in Lebak District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province. Index Kewensis says that the type locality of P. kuhlii is Malaya. This information is incorrect, and indeed no specimen or record has ever been documented from Malaya. Pinanga coronata was described based on a specimen from Megamendung, on the slopes of Mt. Gede-Pangrango, to the south-east of Bogor in West Java. Again Index Kewensis incorrectly cites the type locality of P. coronata as Celebes; however, P. coronata has so far never been found in Celebes. Blume (1839) separated P. kuhlii and P. coronata primarily based on leaves and growth of the inflorescence. The rachis of P. kuhlii is covered with small scales on the abaxial surface, the leaflets are broad (lanceolate to falcate), 10-13 in number and the inflorescence is pendulous. Characters of P. coronata are rachis smooth, leaflets narrow (linear to elongate), numerous, and inflorescence erect then pendulous. Specimens that were collected from lowlands usually have characters similar to P. kuhlii, but specimens from montane forest (>1000 m above sea level) usually have characters similar to P. coronata. In fact, between P. kuhlii and P. coronata, there are intermediate forms. Based on this evidence we conclude that the clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali represents a single species. Pinanga costata and P. noxa, are reduced to P. coronata because they have similar characters and are indistinguishable in the field and in the herbarium. Pinanga coronata was chosen by Beccari and Pichi-Sermolli (1955) as the type of the genus Pinanga, because Pinanga was first published by Blume, not in Rumphia (1838-1843), but in Bulletin des Sciences Physiques et Naturelles en Neerlande vol. 1 (1838). Although the genus Pinanga was described in the Bulletin, the species were merely listed and are nomina nuda. Before Rumphia 2 was published, Martius published Historia Natumlis Palmarum, vol. 3 (1838), in which he made the combination Areca coronata, which is the first validly published name for this species. The valid name of the clustered Pinanga in Java and Bali is thus P. coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume. Other names for clustered Pinanga in Java are P. nenga which was published by Blume (1838-1843), and P. neglecta which was published by Burret (1940). Pinanga nenga is the type of the genus Nenga. At present, the correct name for it is Nenga pumila. Pinanga neglecta is synonymous with Nenga pumila (Fernandol983). (J.R. Witono, J.P. Mogea and S. Somadikarta. 2002)/Palmweb.

Culture

Warm, sheltered, and moist. Relatively common, and easy to grow. Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a

Comments and Curiosities

read more

Previously split into 2 species, (P. kuhli being the other), it is now thought to be just a highly variable single species. P. coronata var. 'kuhlii' is the form found in the lower elevations, whilst P. coronata is found at higher altitudes.

Uses: Frequently cultivated as an ornamental, and sometimes used for building material.

It is generally accepted that there are two forms of Pinanga Coronata. The 'standard' P. Coronata will hold regular pinnate leaves when mature, and is not as mottled as the other form known as Kuhlii. P. coronata takes the full sun very well where as Kuhlii will burn, sometimes very bad. In addition Kuhlii does not handle the cold as well.

"This is one of many species of Pinanga, but only one of two or three that are hardy enough to survive outdoors in southern California (U.S.) It is a very commonly grown species in the tropics and sometimes streets are lined with plantings of them. It is a clumping palm with simple to partially divided leaves and yellowish crownshafts. The flowers stalks and fruit are bright red to blackish and very attractive. It is a beautiful plant for both indoors and shady outdoor warm gardens. It does need a LOT of water and can't handle hot, dry winds. As an addendum (1-2006) there is NO zone 11 in California, and most Pinangas cannot grow here (many have been tried over and over and over- not by me, but by those with a lot better climates and experience)." (Geoff Stein)

A very handsome clustering palm from Rainforests in Indonesia with slender, yellowish trunks and broadly pinnate leaves. This species has proven to be fairly cold tolerant (for a Pinanga) and has been successfully grown in climates ranging from tropical to cool subtropical. Easy to germinate and fast growing. (RPS.com)



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.

  • Pana'ewa Rainforest Zoo and Gardens. Hilo, Hawaii.

  • Ho'omaluhia, Hawaii.

  • Kuhlii Form - Photo: Brod Northwood, Carina Heights - Brisbane, Queensland.

  • So. California sun.

  • Flower Detail.

  • New Leaf.

  • Seed Detail.

  • Hawaiian Tropical Botanical Garden

  • Medellin, Colombia. (1,500 Mts. or 5,000 feet above see level), Photo by Jeff Anderson

  • Fairchild Tropical Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. S. Minter, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.

  • In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray

  • In habitat, near Bukittingii, Sumatra. Photo by Mike Gray

  • Photo by Carlo Morici

  • Photo by Daryl O'Connor

  • Photo by Ian Edwards

  • Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico

  • Rio de Janeiro Botanical Garden, Photo by Monocromatico

  • Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Orange County, California. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • "One of many clumps of this palm along the roadway leading into Ho'olamuhia Park, Hawaii" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Hawaii. "ripening seed (goes from green-yellow,-orange-red,- purple-to almost black (ripe)" (Geoff Stein). Photo by Geoff Stein

  • SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • SoCal. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Photo by Equilibrium

  • Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald

  • Conservatory of Flowers in San Francisco, California. Photo by Kelley MacDonald

  • Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Hawaii. Photo by Geoff Stein

  • La Réunion Island. Photo by timrann

  • La Réunion Island. Photo by timrann

  • Gaylord Palms, Orlando.

  • Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL

  • Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL

  • Wilson Botanical Garden, Costa Rica. Photo by MikeinFL

  • Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Photo by Geoff Stein

  • Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott

  • Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott

  • Darwin, NT, Australia. 'Kuhlii' Form. Photo by ariscott

  • Vista, California. Photo by Jeffry Allen Brusseau

  • Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair

  • Las Marias, PR. Photo by Cindy Adair

  • Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis

  • Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis

  • Ciudad Neily, Costa Rica. 'Blue' form. Photo by Jose Maria Cornelis

  • Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin

  • Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin

  • Hawaii. 'Blue seed' form. Photo by Bill Austin

  • Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian

  • Hawaii. Photo by Timothy Brian

  • Encinitas, CA. 4/2007 Photo by Nick

  • Encinitas, CA. 1/2009 Photo by Nick

  • Photo by amada44

  • Photo-ednkert.hu

  • La Reunion island. Day 1 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"

  • La Reunion island. Day 2 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"

  • La Reunion island. Day 3 "Photo by Olivier Reilhes"

  • Dennis Hundscheidt's Tropical Brisbane Garden, Australia. Photo by Daryl O'Connor.

  • Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Australia. var. 'Kuhlii' Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Brisbane Botanic Gardens, Mount Coot-tha, Brisbane, Australia. var. 'Kuhlii' Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.

  • Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.

  • Marco & Gerardo Herrero's Farms, 2008 Costa Rica. 2008 IPS Biennial. "Pinanga coronata is on the left." Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.

  • IMBioparque (trails) - 2008 IPS Biennial - Costa Rica. Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan.

  • Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan

  • Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan

  • Searle Brothers Nursery, Florida. Pinanga coronata var. 'thin leaf, blunt form'Photo by Ryan D. Gallivan

  • Now cramped by its position beneath a footbridge in Roma Street Parklands, Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi

  • Roma Street Parkland, a public park in downtown Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi

  • Narrow-leaf form, that was established at Ho'omaluhia botanic gardens in Hawaii. Photo by tanetahi

  • Queerah, Cairns, Queensland. 2014. Photo by tanetahi

  • Pinanga coronata, Narrow-leaf form. Cairns Botanic Gardens, 14th August 09, 2014. Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi

  • Pinanga coronata, Narrow-leaf form. Cairns Botanic Gardens, 14th August 09, 2014. Brisbane. Photo by tanetahi

  • The Palmetum Botanic Gardens, Townsville, Australia. Photo by Oriolus84

  • Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Palmetum, Townsville, QLD, 20/10/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Queens Gardens, Townsville, QLD, 12/09/14. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga kuhlii, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Pinanga coronata, Flecker Botanic Garden, Cairns, QLD, 30/11/12. Photo by Russell Cumming

  • Lake Arenal area, Costa Rica. Photo by Paco Garin

  • Hong Kong Park.

  • French Guiana. Pinanga coronata, Syagrus (ex- lytocaryum) weddellianum and Pinanga auriculata between the buttresses of a kapok (Ceiba pentandra). Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.

  • Old Pinanga kuhlii form at Pana'ewa Zoo & Gardens in Hawaii. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Old Pinanga kuhlii form at Pana'ewa Zoo & Gardens in Hawaii. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Sakuya Konohana Kan,Osaka,Japan. Photo: KENPEI

  • Sakuya Konohana Kan,Osaka,Japan. Photo: KENPEI

  • Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Doranakanda garden, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Peradeniya Gardens, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Galle Road, Payagala, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Galle Road, Payagala, Sri Lanka. Photo by Philippe.

  • Photo: Rare Palm Seeds.com

  • Queensland, Australia. Photo by Paul Craft.

  • Image Text: Jungle Music Palms & Cycads.com

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

J.R. Witono & J.P. Mogea & S. Somadikarta, Pinanga in Java and Bali. 2002. 2002. Pinanga in Java and Bali. Palms 46(4) 193-202.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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