Orania lauterbachiana

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Orania (oh-rahn-EE-ah)
lauterbachiana
(law-ter-bahk-ee-AHN-ah)
602.jpg
Morere, near Kikori, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Orania (oh-rahn-EE-ah)
Species:
lauterbachiana
(law-ter-bahk-ee-AHN-ah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
Oceania
Oceania.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Bananak (Amele-Madang), kolu (Mokian), kunakwan (Jal.), omoo (Yamur).

Habitat and Distribution

New Guinea. Orania lauterbachiana is the most widespread species in New Guinea.
Victory Junction, Gulf, Papua New Guinea. Photo by Dr. William J. Baker, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew/Palmweb.
It is found throughout the mainland and on a nearby island. In Papua this species is known from Sorong, Etna Bay-Fakfak and surrounding the Taritatu (formerly Idenburg) river. In Papua New Guinea it is known throughout the country from Western Province to the most eastern part (Milne Bay Province) including Normanby Island. So far, it has never been collected from other nearby islands. In ridge forest from lowlands up to highland tropical forest from 10 - 820 m altitude. (A.P. Keim and J. Dransfield. 2012)/Palmweb.

Description

Large palm. Trunk up to 10 - 20 m tall, about 18 cm in diam. near the crown, about 32 cm in diam. near the base. Leaves 10 in the crown, spirally arranged, about 3.5 - 5.1 m long; Leaf-sheath about 30 cm long, margins disintegrating into fibres, about 13 - 15 cm long, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface with red-brown tomentum; petiole about 1.2 - 2.20 m long, covered with red-brown tomentum in the proximal part, about 2.3 - 2.4 cm in diam.; rachis densely covered with red-brown tomentum, about 2 cm in diam. in the middle part; leaflets elongate-lanceolate, regularly arranged leaflets held in one plane, 18 - 21 on each side of rachis, sometimes the proximal 2 leaflets crowded in a group (L. J. Brass 5489), otherwise about 5.5 - 15 cm distant, about 70 - 132 cm long, 5.5 - 11.5 cm wide, adaxial surface glabrous or with thin red-brown tomentum, mainly near the base, with white appearance, midrib slender, other ribs more slender, abaxial surface with dense white indumentum, red-brown tomentum on margin, midrib thick, other ribs more slender. Inflorescence spreading, branching into 2 orders, about 95 - 192 cm long, robust; prophyll persistent, hard, splitting in the middle, about 45 - 161 cm long, 7 cm wide, disintegrating into fibres when old; peduncle about 53 - 65 cm long, with thin or dense red-brown tomentum; peduncular bract division unknown; rachis about 57 - 127 cm long; first order branches about 50 - 90 cm long; rachillae thick, rarely slender, distally zigzagging, with thin red-brown tomentum, about 35 - 60 cm long, bearing 96 - 104 flower clusters, bearing triads arranged in the proximal 1 - 2 rarely in the proximal 2 - 5 & paired staminate flowers in the distal 3 - 5 part, the basal about 2 - 3.5 cm devoid of flowers, triads about 1.5 - 2 cm distant, rarely 0.5 - 1 cm distant, rachilla glabrous or with thin red-brown tomentum, some deeply textured. Staminate flowers pale creamy white; with calyx of 3 united sepals, about 1 - 2 mm long; corolla with 3 free petals, about 7 - 11 mm long, 2 - 2.5 mm wide; stamens 6, filaments free, dark brown, about 1 - 1.75 mm long, anthers elongate-lanceolate, pale creamy yellow, free, about 5 - 7 mm long, pollen yellow, numerous, pistillodes absent. Pistillate flowers with calyx of 3 minute united sepals, about 3 - 4 mm long, 3 - 3.5 mm wide; corolla with 3 petals, about 6 - 8 mm long, 3 - 6 mm wide; staminodes 6, uniform, about 1 mm long; gynoecium about 4 mm long, 1 - 1.5 mm wide; stigma with 3 elongate lobes, about 1 - 2 mm long, brighter coloured. Fruits globose, bilobed or trilobed, reddish orange when mature (Lauterbach 970), about 3.3 - 5 cm in diam., pale brownish green when young, orange or brownish orange when mature. Embryo placed below middle line of seed. Eophyll bifid. (A.P. Keim and J. Dransfield. 2012)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

Culture

Tropical in its requirements. Cold Hardiness Zone: 10b+

Comments and Curiosities

Etymology: Genus name; Honors the early 19th century Crown Prince of the Netherlands, F.G.L. Willem van Nassau, Prince of Orange. Species name; After C. A. G. Lauterbach, German naturalist and plant collector.

Conservation: Least concern (LC). Widespread throughout the island of New Guinea and often occurring in large stands. (A.P. Keim and J. Dransfield. 2012)/Palmweb.

Uses: The trunk is used as floorboards for houses.



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

A.P. Keim and J. Dransfield. 2012. A monograph of the genus Orania (Arecaceae: Oranieae).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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