Difference between revisions of "Calyptronoma occidentalis"

From Palmpedia - Palm Grower's Guide
Jump to: navigation, search
 
(30 intermediate revisions by one user not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
__noeditsection__
 
__noeditsection__
−
<google>CH02</google>
 
−
[[Image:Occidentalis02.jpg|thumb|400px|left|450px|Fairchild FL]]
 
−
{{Palm Page}}
 
 
{{Palmbox
 
{{Palmbox
 
|image=Occidentalis.jpg
 
|image=Occidentalis.jpg
−
|image_caption=Singapore  
+
|image_caption= Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Mike Gray, edric.
−
|genus='''''Calyptronoma'''''
+
|genus=Calyptronoma (kah-lip-tro-NO-mah)
−
|species='''''occidentalis'''''
+
|species=<br>occidentalis <br>(ahk-see-den-TAHL-iss)
 
|subspecies=
 
|subspecies=
 
|cultivar=
 
|cultivar=
Line 23: Line 20:
 
}}
 
}}
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
 
==Habitat and Distribution==
−
Jamaica, and the West Indies, grows in swamp margins of lakes & streams.
+
''Calyptronoma occidentalis'' is found in Jamaica, and the West Indies, grows in swamp margins of [[File:Occidentalis02z.jpg.jpg|thumb|left|400px|Photo by TJ Thomas.]]lakes & streams. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.
 +
This species is characterized by having the longest rachillae in the genus. When dry, the pit bracts are divaricating. The pollen is also distinctive. This species is tolerant of a broad range of environmental conditions. In its native Jamaica, it grows in swamps near sea level, in upland marshes (Mason River Field Station), and along mountain streams at more than 700 m above sea level. It is also the species most amenable to cultivation in southern Florida. Phenology: This species flowers in June through December; fruits have been collected throughout the year, with a peak in early spring. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.
 
==Description==
 
==Description==
−
Solitary palm light brown trunk to 40' tall 1' diameter, younger trunk covered with brown fibers, older trunks closely rings.
+
Solitary palm light brown trunk to 48' (7–12 m), tall, 1' (17–29 cm) in diameter, younger trunk covered with brown fibers, older trunks closely ringed. Editing by edric.
 +
{{Collapse top}}
 +
Stem to l5 m tall, 8.8-30 cm in diam. Leaf 2.8- 4.3 m long, with ca. 60 segments; segments 52-95 cm long, 2.1-4.5 cm wide, bearing inconspicuous multicellular trichomes on the abaxial intercostal surface. Prophyll 35.5-63 cm long, 5-8(-13) cm wide. Peduncle 39-98.5 cm long and 1-2.8 cm wide; rachillae (21-)26-35.5 cm long, 4.3-6.8 mm in diam, with (6-)7(-8) rows of pits; proximal rachillae borne in clusters of up to 3-4(-6) on stalks 0.7-4,I cm long, 0.5-0.9 cm wide, clustered rachillae borne for ca. 1/2 the length of the rachis; pits 1.7-4.1 mm long, 1.8-3.6 mm wide, longitudinal distance between pits (lip to lip) 4.2-9.8 mm. Staminate flowers 5-5.9 mm long; sepals 3.3-4.4 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide; petals 3.5-5.7 mm long, 1.1-2.2 mm wide; staminal tube 3-5 .2 m, anthers 1.1-1.6 mm long. Pistallate flowers 4.9-6.5 mm long; sepals 3.4-4 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide; corolla not seen; staminode not seen; glmoecium ca.6.7 mm long, style ca. 5.1 mm long; ovary 1-1.2 mm long. Fruit 9.8-15.8 mm long, 5.9-8.5 mm in diam.; endocarp free from seed, strongly net-like; seed (5.1 -)5.8-8.6 mm long, (3.9-)4.4-5.8 mm diam. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.
 +
 
 +
The type of C. swartzii was given by Grisebach (1864, I866) as Wright 1466; however, Swartz's Elaeis occidentalis of specifically cited as a synonym. In the 1864 publication of the genus name, Grisebach wrote that this genus was "construeted upon the Elaeis occidentalis Sw." Thus, the name C. swartzii is nomenclaturally superfluous, and the type of C. swartzii must be the type of E. occidentalis. No Swartz collections of E. occidentalis have been found at BM, G, LD, S, S-Linn, or SBT (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.), hence, a neotype is designated here. Although three collections were cited by León (1944) in the publication of Calyptrogyne victorinii, I consider the specimen annotated by León to be the holotype. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.
 +
{{Collapse bottom}}
 
==Culture==
 
==Culture==
 
Very rarely seen in cultivation. requires a Warm, sheltered, environment, and lots of moisture.
 
Very rarely seen in cultivation. requires a Warm, sheltered, environment, and lots of moisture.
−
==Curiosities==
+
==Comments and Curiosities==
 +
Uses: Leaves are used for thatch, and stems are used for construction. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.
 +
 
 +
Zona, S.1995. A Revision of Calyptronoma (Arecaceae). Principes 39: 140-151.
 +
 
 +
<br style="clear:both;"/>
 +
{{#Widget:AdResban}}
 +
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="" widths="" heights="">
 +
image:633cacce-7427-4ed8-bbc4-f1fee66ae162z.jpg|Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. Carl E. Lewis/Palmweb.
 +
image:CalyptroocciIMG 0204.JPG|Fairchild Botanical Garden, FL.
 +
File:Occidentalis02z.jpg.jpg|Photo by TJ Thomas.
 +
image:Calyptronoma_occidentalis_P15_H8_Y2005_N1487.JPG|Photo by Southeastgrowers.com.
 +
image:Calyptronoma_occidentalis.jpg
 +
image:Occidentalis.jpg|Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Mike Gray.
 +
File:coIMG_1143.JPG.8986323fb1b6b0a91f94e98e4bbdb082.JPG|Chinderah palm nursery (Now a private garden), home of Larry and narelle, the nursery is on approx 2.5 acres. Mike Green giving scale. Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.
 +
File:coIMG_1145.JPG.7739cea7052b81e8b110eb5fe0171544.JPG|Chinderah palm nursery (Now a private garden), home of Larry and narelle, the nursery is on approx 2.5 acres. Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
</gallery></center>
 
==External Links==
 
==External Links==
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
 
*[http://eunops.org/content/glossary-palm-terms Glossary of Palm Terms]
−
*[http://www.plantapalm.com/wianame.htm Pronunciation Key]
+
*[http://www.calflora.net/botanicalnames/pronunciation.html MODERN BOTANICAL LATIN]
 +
*[http://www.jlhudsonseeds.net/Pronunciation.htm "Just To Be Clear"]
 
==References==
 
==References==
−
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos, edric.
+
Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.
 +
 
 +
Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.
 +
 
 +
Special thanks to [http://palmweb.org/?q=node/2 Palmweb.org], Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.
 +
 
 +
Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).
  
−
<center><gallery caption="IMAGE GALLERY" perrow="3" widths="200px" heights="200px">
 
−
image:CalyptroocciIMG 0204.JPG||Fairchild FL
 
−
image:Occidentalis02.jpg
 
−
image:Calyptronoma_occidentalis_P15_H8_Y2005_N1487.JPG
 
−
image:Calyptronoma_occidentalis.jpg
 
−
image:Occidentalis.jpg
 
−
image:
 
−
image:
 
−
image:
 
−
image:
 
−
image:
 
−
</gallery></center>
 
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
{{SpeciesListBackLink}}
 
[[Category:CALYPTRONOMA|occidentalis]]
 
[[Category:CALYPTRONOMA|occidentalis]]

Latest revision as of 08:24, 10 January 2016

Calyptronoma (kah-lip-tro-NO-mah)
occidentalis
(ahk-see-den-TAHL-iss)
Occidentalis.jpg
Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Mike Gray, edric.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Calyptronoma (kah-lip-tro-NO-mah)
Species:
occidentalis
(ahk-see-den-TAHL-iss)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
America
America.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Long Thatch Palm

Habitat and Distribution

Calyptronoma occidentalis is found in Jamaica, and the West Indies, grows in swamp margins of
Photo by TJ Thomas.
lakes & streams. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

This species is characterized by having the longest rachillae in the genus. When dry, the pit bracts are divaricating. The pollen is also distinctive. This species is tolerant of a broad range of environmental conditions. In its native Jamaica, it grows in swamps near sea level, in upland marshes (Mason River Field Station), and along mountain streams at more than 700 m above sea level. It is also the species most amenable to cultivation in southern Florida. Phenology: This species flowers in June through December; fruits have been collected throughout the year, with a peak in early spring. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Description

Solitary palm light brown trunk to 48' (7–12 m), tall, 1' (17–29 cm) in diameter, younger trunk covered with brown fibers, older trunks closely ringed. Editing by edric.

Detailed Scientific Description

Stem to l5 m tall, 8.8-30 cm in diam. Leaf 2.8- 4.3 m long, with ca. 60 segments; segments 52-95 cm long, 2.1-4.5 cm wide, bearing inconspicuous multicellular trichomes on the abaxial intercostal surface. Prophyll 35.5-63 cm long, 5-8(-13) cm wide. Peduncle 39-98.5 cm long and 1-2.8 cm wide; rachillae (21-)26-35.5 cm long, 4.3-6.8 mm in diam, with (6-)7(-8) rows of pits; proximal rachillae borne in clusters of up to 3-4(-6) on stalks 0.7-4,I cm long, 0.5-0.9 cm wide, clustered rachillae borne for ca. 1/2 the length of the rachis; pits 1.7-4.1 mm long, 1.8-3.6 mm wide, longitudinal distance between pits (lip to lip) 4.2-9.8 mm. Staminate flowers 5-5.9 mm long; sepals 3.3-4.4 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide; petals 3.5-5.7 mm long, 1.1-2.2 mm wide; staminal tube 3-5 .2 m, anthers 1.1-1.6 mm long. Pistallate flowers 4.9-6.5 mm long; sepals 3.4-4 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide; corolla not seen; staminode not seen; glmoecium ca.6.7 mm long, style ca. 5.1 mm long; ovary 1-1.2 mm long. Fruit 9.8-15.8 mm long, 5.9-8.5 mm in diam.; endocarp free from seed, strongly net-like; seed (5.1 -)5.8-8.6 mm long, (3.9-)4.4-5.8 mm diam. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

The type of C. swartzii was given by Grisebach (1864, I866) as Wright 1466; however, Swartz's Elaeis occidentalis of specifically cited as a synonym. In the 1864 publication of the genus name, Grisebach wrote that this genus was "construeted upon the Elaeis occidentalis Sw." Thus, the name C. swartzii is nomenclaturally superfluous, and the type of C. swartzii must be the type of E. occidentalis. No Swartz collections of E. occidentalis have been found at BM, G, LD, S, S-Linn, or SBT (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.), hence, a neotype is designated here. Although three collections were cited by León (1944) in the publication of Calyptrogyne victorinii, I consider the specimen annotated by León to be the holotype. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Culture

Very rarely seen in cultivation. requires a Warm, sheltered, environment, and lots of moisture.

Comments and Curiosities

Uses: Leaves are used for thatch, and stems are used for construction. (S. Zona. 1995)/Palmweb.

Zona, S.1995. A Revision of Calyptronoma (Arecaceae). Principes 39: 140-151.



  • IMAGE GALLERY

  • Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Florida. Photo by Dr. Carl E. Lewis/Palmweb.

  • Fairchild Botanical Garden, FL.

  • Photo by TJ Thomas.

  • Photo by Southeastgrowers.com.

  • Calyptronoma occidentalis.jpg

  • Singapore Botanic Gardens. Photo by Mike Gray.

  • Chinderah palm nursery (Now a private garden), home of Larry and narelle, the nursery is on approx 2.5 acres. Mike Green giving scale. Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.

  • Chinderah palm nursery (Now a private garden), home of Larry and narelle, the nursery is on approx 2.5 acres. Brisbane, Australia. Photo by Paul Latzias.

External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

Banner1B
Back to Palm Encyclopedia


Retrieved from "https://palmpedia.net/wiki/index.php5?title=Calyptronoma_occidentalis&oldid=134709"