Difference between revisions of "Butia eriospatha"

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The fastest growing and hardiest Butia, next to odorata, this palm is native to areas of Southern Brazil at elevations of 1000 m above sea level where it is much colder and wetter in winter than the rest of Brazil, and even in summer temperatures can often be similar to those seen in Northern Europe. It is very frost resistant, and established good sized plants have been known to survive -12C, or even to recover from lower temperatures when damaged, although protection during such spells of cold is highly recommended. The tree is named because of the brown fuzzy tomentum covering the flower spathe. Trees can reach 6m high in the wild, and almost certainly more in cultivation. The tree can be found growing both in the wild and in cultivation throughout all of the mountainous area of South Brazil where it is cultivated for its sweet and delicious fruits. (butia.nl)
 
The fastest growing and hardiest Butia, next to odorata, this palm is native to areas of Southern Brazil at elevations of 1000 m above sea level where it is much colder and wetter in winter than the rest of Brazil, and even in summer temperatures can often be similar to those seen in Northern Europe. It is very frost resistant, and established good sized plants have been known to survive -12C, or even to recover from lower temperatures when damaged, although protection during such spells of cold is highly recommended. The tree is named because of the brown fuzzy tomentum covering the flower spathe. Trees can reach 6m high in the wild, and almost certainly more in cultivation. The tree can be found growing both in the wild and in cultivation throughout all of the mountainous area of South Brazil where it is cultivated for its sweet and delicious fruits. (butia.nl)
  
Dichotomous key for identification of species of the genus Butia occurring in the state of Rio Grande do South (including Butia paraguayensis naturally occurring doubtful).
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1. Female flowers with up to 9 mm long, cored fruit or slightly rounded oval, Bract stalk covered with dense tomentum lanuginous brown coloration ............ Butia eriospatha. (K. Soares & S. Longhi) (From the portuguese)  
 
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1. Female flowers with up to 9 mm long, cored fruit or slightly rounded oval, Bract stalk covered with dense tomentum lanuginous brown coloration ............ Butia eriospatha.
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2. Bract stalk smooth, glauca, without tomentum lanuginous, Plant with stems up to 2 feet tall and 15-43 cm in diameter; bract of the inflorescence stalk widest above the middle portion and ending abruptly in a short beak; fruits more long than wide, narrow-oblong............ Butia catarinensis.
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3. Plant with stems up to 9 feet tall and 32-58 cm in diameter; bract of the inflorescence stalk wider near the middle portion of the expanded portion and gradually tapering towards the apex; fruits often wider than long ............. Butia odorata.
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4. Female flowers with more than 10 mm in length; cored elongated rounded never 2. Plants with capacity issue tillers (stems caespitose)............. Butia lallemantii.
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5.Plant capacity without perfilhar (single stem), Acaulescentes adult plants or stems of up to 3 meters; expanded portion of the bract peduncle 40-60 cm long, rachis inflorescence with 13-30 cm,............ paraguayensis.
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6. Adult plants with 3-9 (-15) m tall; expanded portion of the peduncular bract 55-85 cm between long, rachis inflorescence 47-72 cm long with Leaves with 43-61 pinnae on each side of the rachis, pinnae of the middle part of the rachis with 40-65 x 2.3 - 2.8 cm; ripe fruit with 3.6 to 5.6 x 3.0 to 4.1 cm, weighing between 23.61 to 43.05 grams; endocarp new fruits 2.8-3.5 x 1.6-2.3 cm and weighing between 3.61 to 10.11 grams (pyrene) with 3 corners Longitudinal visible, giving an almost pyramidal side where the pores are. It is the Butia with largest fruit and endocarp of the genre............. witeckii
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7. Leaves with (57 -) 63-78 pinnae on each side of the rachis, pinnae of the middle part of the rachis with (58 -) 65-77 x 2.0-2.4 cm; ripe fruit with 3.0 to 4.1 x 1.5 to 2.8 cm, weighing between 8.91 - 15.39 grams; cored fruit with new 1.8-3.0 x 1.0-1.4 inches and weighing between 1.42 to 2.96 grams (pyrene) without longitudinal edges and cone shaped on the side where the pores are, ............. yatay. (K. Soares & S. Longhi) (From the portuguese)  
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Revision as of 22:31, 22 August 2015

Butia (boo-TEE-ah)
eriospatha (er-ee-oh-SPAH-thah)
Eriospatha02z.jpg
Cleared habitat. Photo by Nigel Kembrey
Scientific Classification
Genus: Butia (boo-TEE-ah)
Species:
eriospatha (er-ee-oh-SPAH-thah)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
America
America.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Pinnate
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
Butia, macuma, Butiá-da-serra.

Habitat and Distribution

Butia eriospatha is found in Argentina Northeast, and Brazil South in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, in woodlands and campos. Occurs at elevations, of up to 1200m. Native to, Rio Grand do Sul, Santa Caterina and Parana, Brazil. (S.F. Glassman. 1979)/Palmweb.

Cleared habitat. Photo by Nigel Kembrey

Description

Trunk type: Solitary, the trunk can grow to 20 feet, but normally reaches 12-15 ft (3.7-4.6 m) with a diameter of 1-1.5 ft (0.3-0.5 m). Leaf detail: Recurving, green leaves, typical of Butia's. The leaf stems range from about 2-4 ft (0.6-1.2 m), and the petiole is armed, leaf base remains on base, for a very long time, which is typical of Butia's. Flower: Both flower, and fruit, range in colors from yellow to red, spathe has brown tomentum, fruit is round, and edible. Temps. in habitat, often get below freezing.

Palm 3-6 m tall, 45-50 cm in diam.; sheathing leaf base partially covered with a dense brownish tomentum, petiole 90-100 cm long, margins of petiole armed with short teeth or spines 1-3 cm long; rachis of leaf 2.0-2.5 m long; pinnae 50-55 on each side, regularly arranged, middle ones 70-80 cm long, 2.0-2.3 cm wide, with acute asymmet_ rical tips; expanded part of spathe 120-135 cm long, 14-16 cm wide, smooth or striate, covered with a dense brownish tomentum; branched part of spadix 90-100 cm long, rachillae numerous, each 35--42 cm long; pistillate flowers rounded, 3-5 mm long, 3.5-5 mm in diam.; staminate flowers 6-8 mm long below, those above 4-5 mm long; fruit mostly globose, 1.8-2.0 cm long, 1.42.2 cm in diam., with short beak, persistent perianth 0.2-0.4 cm high, locules 1-3, seed globose, 1.4-1.6 cm in diam. or oblong, 1.5 cm long, 1 cm in diam. (S.F. Glassman. 1979)/Palmweb.

This taxon has a more restricted geographical range than Butia capitata, but can be readily differentiated from it by the densely tomentose rather than the more or less glabrous spathes. (S.F. Glassman. 1979)/Palmweb.

Culture

PFC for PP.png

Comments and Curiosities

The fastest growing and hardiest Butia, next to odorata, this palm is native to areas of Southern Brazil at elevations of 1000 m above sea level where it is much colder and wetter in winter than the rest of Brazil, and even in summer temperatures can often be similar to those seen in Northern Europe. It is very frost resistant, and established good sized plants have been known to survive -12C, or even to recover from lower temperatures when damaged, although protection during such spells of cold is highly recommended. The tree is named because of the brown fuzzy tomentum covering the flower spathe. Trees can reach 6m high in the wild, and almost certainly more in cultivation. The tree can be found growing both in the wild and in cultivation throughout all of the mountainous area of South Brazil where it is cultivated for its sweet and delicious fruits. (butia.nl)

1. Female flowers with up to 9 mm long, cored fruit or slightly rounded oval, Bract stalk covered with dense tomentum lanuginous brown coloration ............ Butia eriospatha. (K. Soares & S. Longhi) (From the portuguese)



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Glassman, S.F.1979. Re-evaluation of the Genus Butia With a Description of a New Species. Principes 23: 65-79.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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