Geonoma umbraculiformis

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Geonoma (geo-NO-mah)
umbraculiformis
(uhm-brahk-oo-lih-FOHR-miss)
P1290949LCR.jpg
crique Boulanger, Cacao, French Guiana.
Scientific Classification
Genus: Geonoma (geo-NO-mah)
Species:
umbraculiformis
(uhm-brahk-oo-lih-FOHR-miss)
Synonyms
None set.
Native Continent
America
America.gif
Morphology
Habit: Solitary
Leaf type: Bifid to sparsely pinnate.
Culture
Survivability index
Common names
None.

Habitat and Distribution

Brazil North, French Guiana, and Guyana.
crique Boulanger, Cacao, French Guiana. Photo by Pierre-Olivier ALBANO.
From 1°50'S-5°29'N and 46°10-58°23'W in the eastern Amazon region in Guyana, French Guiana, and Brazil at 549 (200-750) m elevation in lowland rainforest.

Description

Palms 1.9 (1.8-2.3) m tall; stems 1.5 (0.7-2.0) m tall, 1.7 cm in diameter, cane-like; internodes 1.2 cm long, yellowish and smooth. Leaves 16 (12-22) per stem, undivided or irregularly pinnate, not plicate, bases of blades recurved against the rachis; sheaths 21.0 (20.0-22.0) cm long; petioles 3.8 (0.0-10.5) cm long, drying green or yellowish; rachis 75.9 (63.0-90.0) cm long, 5.0 (3.1-7.9) mm in diameter; veins not raised or slightly raised and triangular in cross-section adaxially; pinnae 3(1?4) per side of rachis; basal pinna 45.0 (40.5-51.0) cm long, 27.6 (21.0-39.0) cm wide, forming an angle of 16 (9-22)° with the rachis; apical pinna 31.0 (15.0-25.3) cm long, 18.3 (15.5-21,5) cm wide, forming an angle of 31 (28-37)° with the rachis. Inflorescences branched 1 order; prophylls and peduncular bracts not ribbed with elongate, unbranched fibers, flattened (if tubular, narrow, and elongate then not ribbed), deciduous or persistent; prophylls 13.9(13.0-15.0) cm long, not short and asymmetrically apiculate, the surfaces not ridged, without unequally wide ridges; peduncular bracts 28.8(23.0?34.5) cm long, well-developed, inserted 4.4 (3.0-5.7) cm above the prophyll; peduncles 35.4 (31.0-40.5) cm long, 3.9 (2.5-5.0) mm in diameter; rachillae 4 (3-6), 17.4 (12.0-23.5) cm long, 3.3 (2.7-4.2) mm in diameter, the surfaces without spiky, fibrous projections or ridges, drying brown or yellow-brown, without short, transverse ridges, not filiform and not narrowed between the flower pits; flower pits spirally arranged, glabrous internally; proximal lips with a central notch before anthesis, often the two sides of the notch overlapping, not recurved after anthesis, not hood-shaped; proximal and distal lips drying the same color as the rachillae, not joined to form a raised cupule, the proximal lip margins overlapping the distal lip margins; distal lips well-developed; staminate and pistillate petals not emergent, not valvate throughout; staminate flowers deciduous after anthesis; stamens 6; thecae diverging at anthesis, inserted directly onto apiculate filament apices; anthers not short and curled at anthesis, usually elongate, spiraled and twisted or sometimes remaining straight; non-fertilized pistillate flowers deciduous after anthesis; staminodial tubes lobed at the apex, the lobes spreading at anthesis, acuminate, those of non-fertilized pistillate flowers not projecting and persistent after anthesis; fruits 12.6 (12.0-13.0) mm long, 10.3(9.7-11.0) mm in diameter, the bases without a prominent stipe, the surfaces not splitting at maturity, without fibers emerging, not bumpy, not apiculate; locular epidermis with operculum, smooth, with pores. (Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.)/Palmweb. Editing by edric.

Taxonomic notes: - Wessels Boer (1968) included Geonoma umbraculiformis as a synonym under G. triglochin. The two are closely related but G. umbraculiformis differs from G. triglochin in its fruits surfaces which do not split at maturity. The two species are also widely separate geographically, with G. triglochin occurring in the western Amazon region in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

Subspecific variation: - Only one trait (leaf division) varies within this species. Specimens come from scattered areas, but the gaps are likely to be artifacts of insufficient collecting. (Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.)/Palmweb.

Culture

Cold Hardiness Zone: 10a

Comments and Curiosities



External Links

References

Phonetic spelling of Latin names by edric.

Special thanks to Geoff Stein, (Palmbob) for his hundreds of photos.

Special thanks to Palmweb.org, Dr. John Dransfield, Dr. Bill Baker & team, for their volumes of information and photos.

Glossary of Palm Terms; Based on the glossary in Dransfield, J., N.W. Uhl, C.B. Asmussen-Lange, W.J. Baker, M.M. Harley & C.E. Lewis. 2008. Genera Palmarum - Evolution and Classification of the Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. All images copyright of the artists and photographers (see images for credits).

Henderson, A.J. (2011) A revision of Geonoma. Phytotaxa 17: 1-271.


Many Special Thanks to Ed Vaile for his long hours of tireless editing and numerous contributions.

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